高速压制制备高密度纯铁软磁材料

以退火纯铁粉末为原料,采用粉末退火结合高速压制技术的方法制得高密度压坯(7.70 g·cm-3),经烧结后获得高密度高性能的纯铁软磁材料.研究退火粉末的高速压制行为,以及烧结时间和烧结温度对材料磁性能和晶粒大小的影响.结果显示：退火粉末的压坯密度随压制速度的增加而增加,压坯密度最高可达到7.70 g·cm-3,相对密度可达到98.10%.烧结温度为1450益,烧结时间为4 h时,材料密度达到7.85 g·cm-3,相对密度为99.96%,最大磁导率达到13.60 mH·m-1,饱和磁感应强度为1.87 T,矫顽力为56.50 A·m-1.     

粉末铁基高温合金的制备工艺研究

采用粉末机械合金化-温压成型-真空烧结等方法制备了氧化物弥散强化铁基高温合金MA956,并对其制备工艺和组织性能进行了研究。结果表明,高能振动球磨4h粉末颗粒细小均匀,已经基本实现了合金化,将其在120℃、500MPa条件下进行温压成型,压坯密度比常温模压工艺提高了0．3g／cm3;烧结温度对烧结体组织和性能有较大的影响,粉末压坯在1350℃烧结其致密度最高,为90．8％,且显微组织致密性好。     

SiCp/Al电子封装复合材料预成形坯的制备

在本实验中将SiC颗粒与粘结剂混合,温压制备成坯块,进行了热脱脂与预烧结,研究了热脱脂-预烧结后坯块的线性膨胀率、孔隙度、强度与工艺条件的关系,对预成形坯的显微组织形貌进行分析.结果表明,通过有效地控制成形、脱脂与烧结等工艺参数,能制备出具有适合强度和孔隙度的预成形坯.     

成形剂对碳化硼压坯密度和烧结密度的影响

研究了葡萄糖、酚醛树脂、硬脂酸以及酚醛树脂加硬脂酸这4种成形剂的加入量和成形压力对碳化硼压坯密度的影响,探讨了碳化硼压坯密度和烧结密度的关系.研究结果表明加入葡萄糖所得到的碳化硼压坯密度最高;碳化硼烧结密度随压坯密度的增加呈正比例增加;颗粒间接触面积增加有利于扩散,但当压坯密度为1.87 g/cm3时(对于粉末4),这种线性关系的斜率明显变小,说明压制压力不需过大;所选用的成形剂在烧结过程中分解成碳并残留在压坯中,这些新生态的碳对烧结起活化添加剂的作用.因此,加入这些成形剂既提高了碳化硼压坯密度,又导致其烧结密度增加.     

WC/45钢复合材料的温压烧结工艺及其磨损性能

选取尺寸为0．076～0．100mm的WC颗粒为增强相，45钢为基体，系统地研究了粉末冶金真空烧结法制备颗粒增强钢基复合材料的温压烧结工艺，考察了常温压制烧结和温压烧结两种工艺条件下材料的滑动摩擦磨损性能．结果表明：对于509／6WC 50E钢(质量分数)粉末，采用硬脂酸锌作润滑剂，在压制温度为140℃、压力为320kN时，得到了较为理想的压坯密度(9．4362g／cm^3)，其相对密度达到91．6％，比常温压制的压坯密度(9．1292g／cm^3)提高了3．4％．销盘磨损试验结果表明：温压试样的耐磨性分别是15Cr高铬铸铁的2．9倍，20Cr高铬铸铁的2．6倍，同样工艺条件下常温压制试样的2．8倍，通过扫描电镜分析了复合材料的磨损机理。     

B_4C粉末的气流粉碎及烧结

采用气流粉碎对B4C粗粉 (比表面积为 0 5 2m2 g,中位粒度为 2 0 4μm)进行粉碎实验 ,研究了气流粉碎次数对粉末性能、压坯密度和烧结密度的影响及成形压力和烧结温度对B4C烧结密度的影响 .研究结果表明 :当粉碎次数达到 3次后 ,可获得中位粒度小于 1μm的B4C超细粉末 ;经过 4次气流粉碎的B4C超细粉末 ,其比表面积为2 5 3m2 g ,中位粒度为 0 5 6 μm ;该粉末于 2 2 5 0℃无压烧结 1h ,其烧结密度为 2 0 7g cm3 ,达到理论密度的82 .5 % ,平均晶粒粒度为 5 0 μm .可见 ,气流粉碎能改善B4C的烧结性 .     

粉体粒度及成型压力对YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导体烧结前后致密度的影响

应用固态反应法,制备了YBaCuO超导粉体.研究了粉体粒度及成型压力对YBaCuO超导体烧结前后致密度的影响.结果表明,不同粒度YBaCuO超导粉体的压坯密度、烧结密度(即烧结前后的致密度)随压力的变化规律不同.在粉体干压成型过程中,同一粒度粉体的压坯密度随压力增大而增大;不同粒度粉体相比,粒度大的粉体压坯密度较大.在压坯烧结过程中,粒度小的粉体表面活性大,其压坯烧结密度也较大;同一粒度不同坯体的烧结密度随压坯密度的增大而增大.     

烧结温度对高速压制制备弥散强化铜材料导电率的影响

弥散强化铜材料具有高强度和高导电性的特性,孔洞是影响导电率的重要因素.本文采用高速压制成形技术,对Al2 O3质量分数为0.9%的弥散强化铜粉压制成形,研究了压制速度对生坯的影响.当压制速度为9.4 m·s-1时得到密度为8.46 g·cm-3的生坯.研究了烧结温度对烧结所得Al2 O3弥散强化铜试样导电率的影响.当生坯密度相同时,烧结温度越高,所得试样的导电率也越高.断口与金相分析表明：烧结温度为950℃时,烧结不充分,颗粒边界以及孔洞多而明显,孔洞形状不规则;烧结温度为1080℃时,颗粒边界消失,孔洞圆化,韧窝出现,烧结坯的电导率为71.3%IACS.     

烧结气氛对氮化铝陶瓷结构与性能的影响

以高温自蔓延法合成的氮化铝(AlN)粉末为原料,加入5%Y2O3作为烧结助剂,注射成形后分别在氮气和还原性氮气氛中1850℃常压烧结成AlN陶瓷,研究烧结气氛对AlN陶瓷结构与性能的影响.研究表明,不同气氛中烧结的AlN陶瓷的密度、第二相和热扩散系数有所不同,氮气中烧结的AlN陶瓷的密度、第二相和热扩散系数分别为3.20g·cm-3、钇铝酸盐(Y3Al5O12和Y4Al2O9)和0.559cm2·s-1;还原性氮气氛中烧结的AlN陶瓷的密度、第二相和热扩散系数为3.00g·cm-3、氮化钇(YN)和0.581cm2·s-1.扫描电镜(SEM)分析显示氮气氛中烧结的AlN陶瓷结构均一,而还原性氮气氛中烧结的AlN陶瓷内外结构不一致,容易产生变形.     

烧结助剂对SiC液相烧结行为的影响

研究了以Al2O3、Y2O3、Al2O3-Y2O3、SiO2-YAG为烧结助剂时,SiC液相烧结行为以及烧结过程中发生的主要物理化学变化.与传统固相烧结相比,液相烧结使SiC陶瓷性能显著提高.通过对烧结体失重率、线收缩率及密度的测量和断面形貌的观察发现:Al2O3对坯体致密化的促进效果较差;Y2O3为助剂烧结时,由于高温下剧烈挥发,不能有效促进致密化;不同配比的Al2O3-Y2O3助剂能有效促进坯体致密,当配比满足形成YAG的化学计量比要求时,最有利于SiC的烧结.同时对SiC的液相烧结机理也进行了探索.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the