会议室内飞沫气溶胶分布特征的数值模拟

目的分析会议室内不同气流组织对人持续说话产生的飞沫气溶胶运动轨迹的影响,模拟飞沫气溶胶在会议室内的分布特征,确定最佳的气流组织方式.方法采用CFD数值模拟方法,选择RNG k-ε湍流模型计算空调房间的温度场和速度场,分析飞沫气溶胶颗粒的受力情况,采用拉格朗日法建立飞沫气溶胶颗粒运动的数学模型,模拟空调房间会议室内同侧上送上回、同侧上送下回、对侧上送下回3种混合通风和置换通风对飞沫气溶胶的运动轨迹.结果飞沫气溶胶运动轨迹显示飞沫气溶胶在置换通风停留时间和运动距离最短.3种混合通风气流组织相比,同侧上送上回的气流组织中飞沫气溶胶运动时间112 s和运动路程11.1 m最短,同侧上送下回次之,对侧上送下回最长.结论 3种混合通风中,同侧上送上回更容易避免飞沫气溶胶在室内传播,是最佳的混合通风气流组织方式.置换通风相比于混合通风更易减小人员之间受感染的可能性,是最佳的气流组织方式.     

室内3种送风方式下人体气溶胶颗粒数值模拟

目的探讨空调房间不同气流组织形式下,人体持续说话散发气溶胶颗粒污染物的运动分布规律,探求空调房间合理的气流组织形式.方法运用CFD—fluent6.2模拟软件对空调房间上送下回、顶送下回及下送顶回3种送风方式进行模拟研究.分析不同送风方式下人体散发气溶胶颗粒的质量浓度分布及传播距离,房间换气次数对气溶胶污染物的质量浓度影响.结果顶送下回送风方式5次/h换气时气溶胶颗粒运动距离为1.5 m,而10次/h换气时气溶胶颗粒运动距离为1.0 m.结论相同换气次数下,顶送下回送风方式室内空气质量较佳.随着换气次数的增加,室内同一位置污染质量浓度降低,颗粒物传播范围减小.对于顶送下回送风方式增大换气次数不能降低人体感染风险.     

洁净饲养房污染物分布及换气次数

洁净饲养房不同区域污染物扩散不同,通过分析选取合理的气流组织与换气次数以减少能耗。采用实验和模拟的方法对饲养房内污染物的分布进行了分析,通过改变气流模式和换气次数进行模拟,结果显示上送下回的送风方式有利于洁净度的控制,气流扩散速度快。通过对换气次数和洁净度的综合分析比较,结果显示,在洁净饲养房中,采用上送下回乱流式的送风系统时,换气次数为12~15次/h比较合适。     

基于CFD的城市轨道交通车厢空气质量模拟分析

城市轨道交通车厢的人员密度较高,车厢内的空气质量对乘坐体验及健康具有显著影响。以城市轨道交通列车车厢为例,采用CFD软件Fluent2019对正常载客情况下轨交车厢内空气质量进行数值模拟,分析空调送风风速为2、2.5、3 m/s和送风角度30°、45°、90°的温度场、速度场、污染物浓度场情况,提出在常态化防疫背景下,保证车厢最佳的空气流通率的通风方式为上送下回,送风速度为3 m/s、送风角度为垂直90°。     

洁净空调系统对初期火灾探测的影响分析

运用FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator)软件对采用上送下回式空调系统的洁净室火灾烟气运动进行了数值模拟.通过对速度场及温度场的分析,研究了上送下回式气流组织模式对烟气运动和早期火灾烟气探测的影响.模拟研究结果表明,天花板附近的温度场和浓度场均受到较大影响,与没有洁净空调作用情况下相比,火灾探测响应时间将延迟数十秒.     

工艺布置对辐流洁净室气流场和污染物浓度的影响研究

采用数值模拟方法,在相同的洁净室内和换气次数相同的情况下,研究了室内设施及工作人员位置变换对工业类辐流洁净室的气流组织和污染物浓度的影响,2种方案下的速度平均值和污染物浓度值相差17%和25%。结果表明,室内设施和人员对于气流的阻挡作用直接影响了辐流气流组织的效果,进而影响了室内的污染物浓度值。辐流洁净室的送、回风口安装位置一定要根据工艺设施和人员布局合理设计,对于工艺设备和人员经常变换的场合不适合采用辐流送风方式。     

辐射供冷住宅设计最小新风量的有效利用

以低冷负荷住宅建筑为研究对象,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,研究送风末端与冷吊顶结合时,最小新风量的有效利用,通过数值模拟得出了上送风、置换通风、下送风三种气流组织形式与冷吊顶相结合时室内各位置的风速、温度、相对湿度、污染物浓度等参数,对三种气流组织下的室内空气质量水平和热舒适水平进行了综合评价.研究结果表明,与冷吊顶结合时,采用置换通风和下送风形式,室内可获得更佳的室内空气品质,最小新风量可获得更有效的利用.     

基于CFD的洁净手术室速度场的数值模拟

合理的气流组织是医院洁净手术室空调系统设计的重要内容。文章以RNGK-ε湍流双方程模型为基础,采用CFD技术,建立了相应的物理和数学模型,对上送——相对单侧墙底部回风洁净手术室内速度场进行了数值模拟,得到了洁净手术室内工作面三维速度场与二维流场的分布。     

高速列车客室内呼吸道飞沫传输规律的数值模拟研究

基于欧拉-拉格朗日模型,建立高速列车客室流场与呼吸道飞沫耦合运动、扩散的数值模拟方法,研究飞沫初始释放位置、粒径以及速度对飞沫传输规律的影响。研究结果表明：在送风系统、客室内部结构以及乘客热羽流的共同作用下,各位置释放的同一粒径的飞沫蒸发速率差异较小;所考虑的散送-散回送风系统具有较好的对称性,超过95%的飞沫聚集在飞沫释放侧,只有极少量飞沫流动到中间过道以及非释放侧空间中;大粒径(大于100μm)飞沫由于重力作用,在6 s内快速沉降到客室表面,且主要集中在释放者周围1 m范围内,而小粒径(10μm)飞沫则在短时间快速蒸发并跟随客室气流一起运动,因此,小粒径飞沫比大粒径飞沫扩散范围更广;与说话产生的飞沫扩散范围(纵向、横向、垂向的最大移动距离分别为0.89、0.76和1.21 m)相比,在喷嚏的强射流作用下,呼吸道飞沫的最大扩散范围明显提高(最大移动距离分别增加4.87、2.59和1.09倍)。     

新型复合空调系统的结露情况及舒适性数值模拟

为了对竖壁贴附射流与地板辐射复合空调系统的结露情况及舒适性进行数值研究,建立室内复合空调模型,以实测数据作为边界条件,利用 Airpak3.0 软件对该系统的热环境进行数值模拟,分析设计相对湿度、送风速度以及排风口位置对室内热环境的影响,定性地分析室内各工况下相对湿度,PMV,PPD的特点,从而为竖壁贴附射流与地板辐射复合系统合理的运行设计提供了参考依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.