基于风险评估的隧道地质超前预报技术分析——以向莆铁路（福建段）为例

首先介绍了基于风险评估的隧道地质超前预报技术,进而以向莆铁路隧道地质风险评估为例分析了该技术应用.分析了几种隧道地质工程超前预报的技术特点,结合向莆铁路隧道工程,提出了该工程超前预报的具体技术方案.     

地质雷达在黄土隧道地质超前预报中的应用

通过对平定高速公路黄土隧道地质超前预报的成功案例,介绍了地质雷达在单一完整新黄土、裂隙发育及富含裂隙水泥岩等黄土隧道地质超前预报中反射波的分析方法,总结了地质雷达在黄土隧道地质超前预报中存在的问题,供同行们探讨、参考。     

岩溶地区长大隧道综合立体式超前地质预报技术研究

隧道施工中对隧道掌子面前方一定范围内的地质情况进行超前探测和预测预报是保证隧道施工安全的金子山隧道岩溶富水区施工中,引进了TSP203隧道地质超前预报系统、地质雷达、红外线测水仪等先进仪器进行多途径超前地质预报.针对当前物理探测存在的多解性的特点,在施工实践中逐渐形成了以中长超前物探和超前水平地质钻探验证为主,辅以短距离地质素描超前分析和施工前超长炮孔加密确认的"多阶段、多手段、多层次"的"综合立体式超前预报技术".以此技术为依托对强岩溶区富水隧道施工进行超前地质预测、预报,成功地穿越了金子山隧道进口工区岩溶富水带.     

联合预报在组合地质灾害隧道工程中的应用

在某地质条件复杂的隧道探测中,为了判断掘进工作面前方地质情况,选用隧道地震电测(tunnel seismic electric prediction, TSEP)和地质雷达(ground penetrating radar, GPR)超前地质预报技术对地质条件复杂的区段进行超前探测,经与实际开挖情况对比分析得出探测结果准确可靠。TSEP超前地质预报技术有效探测距离长,对不良地质体的探测范围广;采用TSEP超前地质预报技术与GPR技术联合预报的预报体系,可以改变原有联合预报全过程预报的模式,减少预报工作量,降低预报成本。该研究可为同类型地质条件工程超前探测提供了借鉴。     

隧道超前地质预报技术现状及发展趋势

伴随着市场经济的不断发展和进步,超前地质预报受到了社会各界广泛的关注,要想完善隧道信息化施工管理工作,提升灾害防治和安全保障水平,就要积极建立健全完整的技术体系,顺应施工管理要求,将多元地球物理信息融合到具体施工项目中,从根本上提高施工综合质量。本文集中分析了隧道超前地质预报技术现状,并对发展趋势予以讨论,仅供参考。     

三维地震波层析成像技术在隧道超前地质预报中的应用

超前地质预报是隧道施工中不可或缺的必要步骤,是降低施工过程地质灾害发生、减少灾害损失的重要手段.三维地震波层析成像技术是利用地震波反射原理,采用地震层析成像及全息岩土成像技术的新型超前地质预报技术,在国内应用较少.文中介绍了三维地震波层析成像技术的工作原理及方法,并结合工程地质类比法,对新建大瑞铁路尖山岭隧道进行了超前地质预报.研究结果表明,三维地震波层析成像技术对隧道超前地质预报效果良好,准确率达到90%.     

论隧道施工中超前地质预报技术的应用

介绍了超前地质预报技术的概念,探讨了隧道超前地质预报方法及应用,通过对某隧道超前地质预报,减少了隧道施工过程中的盲目性,避免了重大的不良地质或灾害地质的发生。     

应用TSP进行的隧道超前地质预报实例分析

隧道超前地质预报对于预测围岩情况,指导隧道施工有着重要意义.通过指明隧道超前地质预报主要原理并引入工程实例,分析论证了TSP超前地质预报系统在隧道超前地质预报中应用的有效性,展示出该系统在隧道施工中的广阔应用前景.介绍了TSP系统测点布设及数据采集方法,指出了提高预报结果准确性的可行方法,并对隧道施工提出几点建议,为保...     

次步隧道超前地质预报

结合工程实例,介绍了广梧高速次步隧道超前地质预报工作,从技术路线、TSP长期地质超前预报原理、取得的成果等方面进行了论述,为隧道综合超前地质预报的实施和隧道安全的保障提供了参考。     

TGP206地质超前预报仪应用简析

介绍了TGP206地质超前预报系统的工作原理、解译技术及其在瓦窑坡隧道施工地质超前预报中的应用。通过隧道施工开挖结果验证了预报结果的准确性,展示了TGP206探测系统在隧道施工地质超前的成功预报,减少隧道施工风险,缩短施工工期,更好地指导施工。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-