膜性肾病差异性表达microRNA的靶基因功能分析

目的:探讨膜性肾病(MN)差异性表达microRNA的靶基因主要参与的Gene Ontology(GO)富集与Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes And Genomes(KEGG)通路.方法:100例MN患者与100例健康对照者(NC)作为实验对象.100例NC随机分成10组(NC1~10),每组10人.同样100例MN随机分成10组,每组10人(MN1~10).分别从实验参与者静脉采取全血10 mL,来源于静脉血的单个核细胞用于提取RNA.总RNA以组为单位等量混合用于高通量技术测序(high-throughput sequencing),对RNA测序结果进行长度分布,基因比对,RNA分类注释,RNA特有序列及其公共序列分析后,获得小核糖核酸(microRNA)进行MN与NC差异性表达分析来寻找显著表达microRNA.应用相关的软件对差异性表达的microRNA进行靶基因预测,靶基因借助功能注释软件对其参与的生物过程进行GO富集及KEGG通路分析.结果:靶基因在GO富集分析中主要集中在细胞器官组成,细胞膜组成,离子结合,生物代谢过程,生物调节过程等.靶基因在KEGG通路分析中主要参与嘌呤代谢通路,代谢产物生物合成,癌症通路,蛋白激酶信号通路等.结论:MN与NC之间存在着显著差异性表达microRNA.差异性表达的microRNA的靶基因参与的GO富集与KEGG通路可能与MN的发病机制与临床症状有着密切的联系.     

大气压低温等离子体抑制甲状腺未分化癌CAL-62细胞生长的机制研究

为了探究大气压低温等离子体(CAP)抑制间变性甲状腺癌的作用机制，应用转录组测序技术，借助生物信息学分析手段研究CAP对CAL-62的抑制作用，筛选出差异基因进行KEGG富集分析和GO分类，最后选取部分基因进行Western blot (WB)验证.结果表明，与对照组相比CAP处理组共有674个差异表达基因，以BIK和CDKN1C等为代表的287个基因上调表达，以TANC2、ESM1和CBL等为代表的387个基因下调表达.KEGG富集分析表明差异基因主要富集在MAPK、Rap1等信号通路及癌症转录失调等.GO分类表明差异基因主要富集在免疫反应、细胞凋亡过程等方面.WB检测部分差异基因的变化趋势，得到与转录组相一致的结果.该研究从转录组学角度去解释CAP抑制CAL-62细胞的机制，以期为CAP应用于甲状腺未分化癌治疗提供一定的理论基础.     

基于RNA-seq的HBSS诱导细胞自噬的组学分析及实验验证

为寻找Hank’s平衡盐溶液(HBSS)诱导细胞自噬的调控蛋白,对HBSS诱导大鼠肾上皮(NRK)细胞株的细胞自噬现象进行转录组分析和实验验证.用HBSS分别处理细胞不同时长,结合LC3B-Ⅱ蛋白表达量和细胞存活率确定最佳诱导时间.根据最佳诱导时间制作细胞样品,进行转录组测序(RNA-seq),原始数据质控过滤后进行注释和分析.选取表达差异变化排序靠前的基因进行敲降实验,筛选具有潜在调控功能的蛋白质,接着用荧光定量PCR实验对该蛋白质的上游基因表达情况进行辅助验证.结果发现,HBSS诱导细胞自噬的最佳诱导时间为3 h;在转录组结果中共鉴定到32 305个基因,477个差异表达基因,差异基因的GO和KEGG富集分析结果显示这些基因主要参与代谢底物分解、氨基酸转运以及蛋白质修饰调控等信号调控通路;免疫印迹结果表明干扰基因Sat1的表达可以降低细胞内LC3B-Ⅱ的表达水平.本研究围绕HBSS诱导细胞自噬进行转录组学测序分析,并通过实验发现了影响LC3B-Ⅱ表达的潜在功能调控基因Sat1.综合考虑所有实验结果,Sat1可能通过GO和KEGG显著富集的信号通路影响HBSS诱导的细胞自噬,这些发现...     

肾透明细胞癌关键枢纽基因的筛选及生物信息学分析

目的:旨在通过生物信息学方法筛选与肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)发生、发展相关的关键枢纽基因.方法:从公共基因数据库下载ccRCC基因芯片数据集(GSE66270)并筛选ccRCC组织与正常癌旁组织样本间的差异表达基因.R软件的clusterProfiler程序包用于差异表达基因的基因本体(GO)功能注释、京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析.使用STRING数据库、Cytoscape软件构建蛋白互作网络(PPI)并筛选关键枢纽基因.通过GEPIA数据库对关键枢纽基因进行验证和预后分析.结果:共筛选出280个差异表达基因.GO分析结果显示差异表达基因在离子的稳态、跨膜转运和离子跨膜转运蛋白活性中显著富集.KEGG富集分析结果显示,差异表达基因主要参与PPAR信号通路、补体和凝血级联反应以及胆固醇代谢等相关肿瘤信号通路.从差异表达基因中筛选出7个关键枢纽基因,包括3个上调基因C3、CXCR4、CXCL9和4个下调基因EGF、ALB、KNG1、CASR.生存分析结果显示,关键枢纽基因C3和CASR与ccRCC患者的预后不良相关.结论:通过生物信息学方法筛选了与ccRCC发生、发展相关的差异表达基因,筛选出的关键枢纽基因可为后续找到用于ccRCC临床诊断与治疗的靶点提供了理论依据.     

环丙沙星对博来霉素诱导硬皮病小鼠模型差异表达microRNA的研究

研究环丙沙星对博来霉素诱导的硬皮病小鼠模型miRNA表达的影响,利用生物信息学分析推测可能的作用机制.选取20只BALB/c小鼠随机分为4组:对照组(单纯磷酸盐缓冲液PBS)、模型组、环丙沙星组、积雪草苷组,用博来霉素皮下注射小鼠背部连续4周,建立硬皮病小鼠模型;对照组、模型组外擦乳膏基质,其余两组分别外擦1%环丙沙星乳膏和2.5%积雪草苷乳膏,连续5周.提取总RNA进行质检,每组检测3张microRNA表达谱芯片,对差异表达miRNA进行筛选及分析.与对照组相比,模型组miRNA表达上调94个,下调78个.上调的miRNA治疗后恢复到正常的为:环丙沙星组44个,积雪草苷组68个,其中33个相同;下调的miRNA治疗后恢复到正常的为:环丙沙星组23个,积雪草苷组42个,其中13个相同.对两组交集共46个进行生物信息学分析发现:共计44095个靶基因,显著富集于4731个GO生物学过程条目、4491个GO细胞组成条目和4443个GO分子功能条目(P0.05); KEGG分析中,1934条信号通路被有效富集(P0.05),主要包括MAPK信号转导通路、Wnt信号通路、轴突导向信号通路等.环丙沙星可调控多个miRNA差异表达,多靶点、多途径地在博来霉素诱导硬皮病小鼠模型中发挥抗真皮纤维化作用.     

亚麻木酚素干预下ApoE基因敲除小鼠肝脏转录组分析

利用转录组测序技术研究了亚麻木酚素干预下ApoE-/-(Apolipoprotein E,ApoE)小鼠肝脏组织中差异表达基因及相关信号通路，为明确亚麻木酚素缓解高脂血症的分子机制奠定基础。结果表明，亚麻木酚素组和模型组之间，共有372个差异表达基因，其中包括234个显著上调基因，138个显著下调基因。这些关键的差异表达基因包括Hsd3b5、Acot1、Elovl3等与脂质代谢相关的基因。GO(Gene ontology, GO)富集分析发现差异表达基因主要富集在脂肪酸代谢等生物过程、细胞外间隙等细胞组分以及单加氧酶活性等分子功能。KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)信号通路富集分析表明差异表达基因在PPAR(Peroxisome proliferation activated receptors, PPAR)信号通路被富集。PPAR信号通路的多个基因的表达被激活，如Fabp、Cyp、Acsl、Ehhadh、Fads、Acaa、Scp、Pltp等，推测亚麻木酚素是通过PPAR信号通路调节ApoE-/-小鼠血脂水平的。     

肝细胞癌关键基因的生物信息学分析

肝细胞癌是一种高死亡率的原发性肝癌,其有限治疗和较低的化疗敏感性,使得迫切需要寻找潜在的临床治疗靶点和预后判断的生物标志物。为此,采用生物信息学方法对肝细胞癌发生发展的关键基因进行挖掘。从基因表达数据库(GEO)中下载数据集,并筛选差异表达基因,使用在线数据库DAVID 6.8对筛选到的DEGs进行基因本体(GO)富集分析和京都基因与基因百科全书(KEGG)通路分析,使用在线数据库STRING构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络(PPI),利用Cytoscape软件筛选核心DEGs,并进行GO和KEGG富集分析,使用UALCAN和Kaplan-Meier plotter在线数据库筛选并验证关键基因的表达以及生存预后。研究结果表明,筛选出6个关键基因RAD51AP1、FANCI、SMC2、POLE2、CENPN、WDHD1,与HCC的发生发展以及生存预后显著相关,可能是HCC的潜在治疗靶点,可能为HCC的内在机制的探究提供理论依据。     

基于BATMAN-TCM在线分析平台的浙贝母-瓜蒌配伍治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的网络药理学研究

基于中药分子机理的生物信息学分析工具（bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine,BATMAN-TCM）挖掘浙贝母-瓜蒌治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的分子作用机制。应用BATMAN-TCM预测浙贝母-瓜蒌的潜在靶点,GeneCards数据库检索慢性阻塞性肺病的靶点;应用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件构建化合物-疾病-靶点相互作用网络、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用( protein-protein interaction,PPI) 网络,进行基因本体( gene ontology,GO) 功能富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书( Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG) 的生物通路富集分析。结果筛选得到浙贝母-瓜蒌中21种活性成分,基于STRING构建的浙贝母-瓜蒌靶点PPI网络包含131个节点和236条相互作用关系,关键节点包括ANXA1、EDN1、HDAC1、RXRA、ADRA2A、OXT、RXRB等。GO富集分析途径主要涉及离子门控通道活性、底物特异性通道活性、被动跨膜转运活性、细胞外配体门控离子通道活性、神经递质受体活性、配体门控离子通道活性等。KEGG通道分析主要涉及神经活动配体-受体相互作用、cAMP信号通路、钙离子信使通路、类胆碱能突触、逆行内源性大麻素信号传导、5-羟色胺能突触、多巴胺能突触等途径。研究结果提示浙贝母-瓜蒌关键的作用靶点包括ANXA1、HDAC1等,信号通路方面涉及类胆碱能、5-羟色胺、多巴胺等神经受体相关通路,体现了中药复方的整体性特点,为进一步研究浙贝母-瓜蒌的分子作用机制提供了新思路。     

宫颈癌分子调控机制的关键基因分析

在全球女性最常见的恶性肿瘤中,宫颈癌是威胁女性健康的妇科肿瘤。由于宫颈癌的患病率和复发率每年都在增加,因此,迫切需要更好地了解宫颈癌的分子机制。本文从TCGA数据库中下载了宫颈癌的转录组数据,利用生物信息学的方法,确定了1115个差异表达基因。通过对上下调差异表达基因进行基因本体论(GO)富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路分析,发现26个上调基因和12个下调基因参与到多个富集项,10个上调基因和3个下调基因对多个通路进行调控。利用蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络(PPI)分析上调基因和下调基因的关键基因模块,从而认为参与宫颈癌发生和发展的关键基因CCNB1和CACNA1C可能是宫颈癌的生物标志物,为研究宫颈癌的分子机制提供了新的思路。     

不同浓度IAA影响平菇菌丝生长的调控机制研究

采用添加不同浓度(10~(-3)、0和10~(-8 )mol/L)IAA的PDA培养基分别培养P99平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)菌丝7 d和15 d.收集菌丝体,提取总RNA并进行转录组测序.对测序信息进行生物信息学分析,包括差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs)的筛选、聚类分析、gene onotology(GO)和kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)富集分析.最后采用实时荧光定量PCR验证色氨酸代谢通路中关键基因的表达.结果显示:与对照相比,高浓度(10~(-3 )mol/L)和低浓度(10~(-8)mol/L)IAA处理后,在菌丝生长的第7 d,分别获得806个和412个DEGs;在菌丝生长后期,即第15 d,分别获得145个和26个DEGs.GO富集分析表明,两种浓度IAA处理条件下,DEGs主要富集在次生代谢、木质素代谢、几丁质代谢和氧化还原酶代谢等生物学过程中.KEGG富集分析结果表明,两种浓度IAA处理后,生长前期和后期的DEGs富集通路均包括了色氨酸代谢通路和MAPK代谢通路.实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,色氨酸代谢通路中关键基因DN3209和DN3495的表达水平和测序数据一致.以上结果表明,几丁质代谢、色氨酸代谢和MAPK信号通路可能参与了不同浓度的IAA对平菇菌丝生长的促进和抑制作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-