未知外部荷载下结构的在线损伤诊断

结构在线损伤诊断是目前土木工程界关注的热点问题之一.针对该问题进行研究,根据部分观测的结构加速度响应信号,基于扩展卡尔曼预测和优化函数对结构进行在线的物理参数识别及结构刚度突变的追踪,同时利用最小二乘识别未知外部荷载.数值算例表明,本文提出的算法能够较准确地识别系统参数和未知外部荷载,并且判断结构刚度损伤发生的时刻、位置和程度,且具有一定的抗噪性.     

基于Kanai-Tajimi模型的地震作用荷载新型识别方法

目的研究一种识别地震作用荷载的方法,为地震作用荷载的识别与相应结构的动力特性、损伤的识别提供一种新的途径,进一步为结构的安全性、损伤进程和耐久性等研究提供理论参考.方法利用Kanai-Tajimi模型将单位强度白噪声过程模拟为未知的地震作用,并将其作用在结构上,然后根据数值模拟计算得到的结构体系响应作为观测量,采用Kalman滤波对未知荷载状态加以识别.结果最终可以利用结构的加速度响应反演得出地震作用的等效荷载,在人工添加5%观测噪声的条件下,最大误差率为7%左右,而在人工添加10%观测噪声的条件下,最大误差率为8%左右.结论通过算例的验证,说明笔者所采用的方法精度较高,获得了较好的识别效果.     

部分输入未知条件下的桥墩物理参数识别及波浪力反演

基于全量补偿复合反演算法,对孤立墩柱在波浪力部分输入信息未知条件下,分别对无噪声和有噪声干扰的情况进行桥梁墩柱结构的物理参数识别及波浪时程反演研究。算例数值分析表明,结构物理参数识别结果满足精度要求,对墩柱在部分未知输入信息下的参数识别的反演方法是可行的。从而为跨江、跨海墩柱受波浪力作用下的结构物理参数识别研究提供了一种新的方法,供工程应用参考。     

基于粒子滤波的结构参数和荷载同步识别方法

在输入荷载未知的情况下,为解决结构参数和荷载的同步识别问题,将速度、位移、结构参数和输入荷载同时作为状态值构建状态空间方程,选用非线性性能较好的粒子滤波辨识结构参数与荷载.针对利用加速度进行荷载识别时出现的漂移问题,采用梯形积分和零相位高通滤波,通过测试得到加速度计算速度、位移数据,并运用计算值更新粒子滤波求得的速度、位移状态值,从而消除漂移现象.数值算例表明,文中方法能同时识别结构参数和荷载值,与真实值的误差较小,可有效解决识别过程中荷载识别值漂移的问题.     

强震作用下桥墩结构物理参数识别及荷载反演分析

强震后对桥梁墩柱的损伤识别是灾后桥梁加固维修的重要依据,也是健康检测的关键技术之一。根据地震在桥墩结构任意节点处的作用是时域相关的特性,运用全量补偿复合反演算法对桥墩结构物理参数进行识别,并结合"统计平均法"反演输入地震加速度时程。以某典型桥梁墩柱为工程背景,在输入汶川地震波下验证该算法的有效性和可靠性,并对有一定噪声作用下的抗干扰能力进行探讨;从而为强震地区桥梁结构损伤识别及健康检测提供有效的途径。     

一种改进的桥梁结构物理参数识别算法

为了解决悬臂型桥墩结构在输入信息未知条件下的物理参数识别问题,采用将松弛法与改进的全量补偿算法结合起来的算法,通过对参数的离散化,对输入未知条件下的一悬臂型桥墩结构的多个物理参数进行了识别。结果表明:无噪声条件下,结构各物理参数识别精度较高;添加不同噪声后,由于Rayleigh阻尼中质量和刚度阻尼系数的数量级差别较大,以致质量阻尼系数的识别结果相对误差明显较刚度参数大,但均在精度要求范围之内。该改进的算法不仅理论上更加完善,同时也具有很高的识别精度和一定的收敛速度,为弯曲型结构物理参数识别研究提供了一种新的方法思路,便于工程应用。     

基于部分观测剪切框架结构绝对响应量的地震激励的广义识别方法

地震激励和结构状态的准确信息是进行结构地震安全性评价和振动控制的前提.当不测量结构的地震激励时,地震激励的识别可作为逆问题,依据测量的结构响应来判断地震激励.尽管已经发展了一些相关的识别方法,但现有方法仍存在一定的局限性或缺陷.为了避免这些问题,该文提出了一种基于未知输入的广义卡尔曼滤波(GKF-UI)多层剪切框架的地震激励的广义识别算法.当不测量结构受到的地震作用时,结构健康监测(SHM)系统测量的数据是结构的绝对响应,因此,结构运动方程的推导建立在绝对坐标系下,其中未知地震激励作为未知外力作用于结构上.该算法可在不观测未知外力作用处的结构绝对加速度响应的情况下,识别结构状态和未知地震激励.提出的GKF-UI的推导基于经典卡尔曼滤波器(KF),但在结构加速度传感器的部署中,它比现有的基于未知输入的卡尔曼滤波器(KF-UI)的荷载辨识方法更具有普遍适用性.通过数值算例中一个6层剪切框架的地震激励识别,验证了该算法的有效性.     

剪切框架在未知地震作用下的识别方法及试验验证

针对框架结构的绝对加速度响应部分观测、地震作用未观测的情况,提出一种多层剪切框架结构诊断的方法.该方法先依次采用扩展卡尔曼估计和递推最小二乘法对1层以上结构的扩展状态向量和未知作用力进行递推;然后利用结构频率特征方程,对第1层的结构参数进行估计;最后基于数值求解一阶微分方程,识别未观测的地震作用.通过1个4层框架试验,表明该方法能够很好地识别出结构参数和地震输入.     

考虑结构质量未知的非链式结构系统识别方法

目前已发展了许多基于结构振动响应进行结构系统识别的方法,但这些方法大都假定结构质量已知.虽然有部分学者研究涉及到质量未知的结构系统识别,但提出的方法还需要观测结构全部响应,尤其大多数为链式结构识别,对非链式结构研究很少.本文针对这些不足,研究考虑结构质量未知的非链式结构系统的识别,提出基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)方法,仅需要观测梁结构部分加速度响应,可同时识别结构的位移速度响应状态与未知的结构质量、刚度、阻尼参数.进一步推广了外激励未知情况下的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF-UI)方法,融合观测的结构部分加速度与应变响应,同时识别结构的位移速度响应状态与未知的结构质量、刚度和阻尼参数.并分别采用简支梁在已知和未知外激励下结构系统的识别算例,验证提出的两种方法的有效性.     

新型石膏混凝土复合外墙板的恢复力模型研究

以一组新型石膏混凝土复合外墙板在低周反复水平荷载作用下的抗震性能试验为基础,推导了在整个受力过程中不同极限状态下该墙板的顶点位移公式,构建了新型石膏混凝土复合外墙板的骨架曲线模型.通过选择合理的参数组合形式,提出了一种双参数地震损伤模型.利用该双参数地震损伤模型,考虑捏缩效应以及在卸载顶点处的侧向荷载骤降现象,提出了相应的滞回规则.最终得到基于损伤的恢复力模型,并进行了数值分析.研究表明,本文提出的恢复力模型与试验曲线较为吻合,为结构非线性分析提供了依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.