半固态等温热处理对AZ91D镁合金组织的影响

研究了 AZ91 D镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中 ,等温时间、等温温度对其组织形态和初生相尺寸的影响 .研究发现 :在升温过程中 ,晶界处的共晶组织 (δ+γ)中的 γ相先发生溶解 ,之后 ,随着温度进一步升高 ,δ相又发生熔化分离 ,并在等温处理过程中逐渐变为球状 .当等温时间过长时 ,球状颗粒有长大的趋势 ,结果表明 :在 570℃时保温 60 min,可得到初生相尺寸在 50～ 80 μm的球状组织 .     

功能化多壁碳纳米管增强涂层用于金属保护

通过多巴胺自发氧化聚合形成包裹的多壁碳纳米管（PDA@FMWCNT）.利用聚多巴胺（PDA）的易附着能力,在铜（Cu）表面构造了基于PDA@FMWCNT的复合材料薄膜.利用拉曼（Raman）光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线光电子光谱（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合材料的结构进行了表征.利用电动位极化和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）法评价了PDA@FMWCNT在盐溶液中对金属的腐蚀保护性能.结果表明,PDA@FMWCNT复合涂层具有良好的防腐蚀性,并详细描述了其保护机理.     

a-Si:H薄膜固相晶化法制备大晶粒多晶硅薄膜

用等离子体化学气相沉积（PCVD）法制备：a－Si：N薄膜材料（衬底温度20O℃～350℃），用固相晶化法（SPC）获得多晶硅薄膜（退火温度500℃～650℃）,用X射线衍射法测得平均晶粒尺寸依赖于退火温度和沉积条件，随着沉积温度的降低需要较高的退火温度,用SEM观测形貌测得平均晶粒大小为1,0～1,5μm     

炭化温度对中间相沥青基炭纤维性能的影响

对中间相沥青基炭纤维在炭化过程中结构与性能的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,随着炭化温度的升高,炭纤维的拉伸强度和模量均呈上升趋势,炭纤维的d₀₀₂呈现下降趋势,而La和Lc呈现上升趋势。对炭纤维的电磁参数测试结果表明,炭化温度对炭纤维的介电常数有明显的影响,但对磁导率影响不大,不同炭化温度的中间相沥青基炭纤维的复介电常数实部随电磁场频率的降低而升高,其介电损耗也随着炭化温度的升高而呈现上升趋势。     

高温后活性粉末混凝土微观结构分析

试验分析了高温后活性粉末混凝土（RPC）的外观、质量损失和抗压强度随温度的变化情况;利用扫描电镜（SEM）研究了经历不同高温后的RPC微观结构变化和物相组成.结果表明：经历温度低于400oС时,水泥水化反应和火山灰反应互相促进,RPC微观结构得到改善,抗压强度较常温时有所提高;经历温度为400～800oС时,C-S-H凝胶由连续块状变为尺寸较小的分散相,钢纤维与基体粘结界面处的裂纹逐渐形成并扩展,聚丙烯纤维融化后的孔道加剧了RPC的内部缺陷,RPC微观结构不断恶化,抗压强度逐渐降低.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米SnO2

运用溶胶-凝胶法合成前驱物Sn（OH）4胶体，在不同温度下加热分解得到一系列纳米SnO2试样，并用X-射线衍射（XRD）图谱和透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征不同温度下热处理得到试样的结构和形貌，研究了分解温度与产物粒径大小之间的关系以及微晶生长动力学。     

RF气凝胶的性能测试和应用研究

间苯二酚－甲醛气凝胶是一种无序，多孔的纳米非晶固态材料，其碳化产物碳化气凝胶具有大的比表面和面积，好的导电性和电化学稳定性，成为制备超级电化学双层电容器的理想电极材料。文中研究了ＦＲ，ＣＲＦ气凝胶的网络结构，成分组成，孔径分布及电导率等特性．研究了ＲＦ气凝胶的碳化过程，并研制出了静电容量为３０Ｆ．ｇ＾－１的ＳＥＤＬＣＳ的实验室原理性器件，从而为该材料的应用开了奠定了基础。     

Effects of specific surface area of metallic nickel particles on carbon deposition kinetics

Carbon deposition on nickel powders in methane involves three stages in different reaction temperature ranges. Temperature programing oxidation test and Raman spectrum results indicated the formation of complex and ordered carbon structures at high deposition temperatures. The values of I(D)/I(G) of the deposited carbon reached 1.86, 1.30, and 1.22 in the first, second, and third stages, respectively. The structure of carbon in the second stage was similar to that in the third stage. Carbon deposited in the first stage rarely contained homogeneous pyrolytic deposit layers. A kinetic model was developed to analyze the carbon deposition behavior in the first stage. The rate-determining step of the first stage is supposed to be interfacial reaction. Based on the investigation of carbon deposition kinetics on nickel powders from different resources, carbon deposition rate is suggested to have a linear relation with the square of specific surface area of nickel particles.     

Gradient distribution of radial structure of PAN-based carbonfi ber treated by high temperature

High-performance graphite fibers were prepared and analyzed. The gradient distribution of radial structure of PAN-based carbon fibers was characterized by two different Raman test methods(incident laser beam perpendicular to and parallel to the fiber axis) and studied by the distribution of graphitization degree. Meanwhile difference between the two Raman test methods was used to describe the orientation of the graphite crystallite along the fiber axis. The results showed that the radial structure of PAN-based carbon fiber presented different gradient distribution states at different heat treatment temperatures,and the graphitization degree in the skin region changed more rapidly compared with the core region since the skin region was more affected by temperature which resulted in the obvious difference between skin and core structures.The difference of graphitization degree(Δg) characterized by two different Raman test methods increased with heat treatment temperature,indicating that the high temperature treatment(HTT) promoted further stacking of graphite crystallite,and the orientation degree of the graphite crystallite along the fiber axis was continuously increased.     

用浮动催化裂解法制取单壁碳纳米管

为寻找一种可以批量制备高质量、高产率单壁碳纳米管的方法 ,对浮动催化裂解碳氢化合物法制取单壁碳纳米管进行了研究。实验采用苯为碳源 ,二茂铁为催化剂 ,氢气为载气 ,噻吩为添加剂。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜以及拉曼谱等方法对产物进行检测与评估 ,分析了参数对产物的影响。结果表明 ,裂解温度越高 ,越有利于单壁碳纳米管的生长 ;发现通过碳源和直接通入反应室的 H2 流量比为 1:2时 ,较利于单壁碳纳米管的生长。浮动催化裂解法制备出来的单壁碳纳米管直径约为 1nm,直径分布较均匀 ,并且可以半连续、低成本地生产     

热氧化对PAN基碳纤维结构与性能的影响

将PAN基碳纤维在于400~700℃条件下空气中进行热氧化处理,然后利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、密度梯度管和纤维强力仪研究了其表面化学组成、表面形貌与性能的变化。结果表明:热氧化温度低于600℃时,纤维表面含氧量随热氧化温度升高不断增加,到600℃时氧含量增加了7.11%,主要增加的官能团为羟基、醚键以及羰基,纤维体密度、线密度随热氧化温度变化不明显;700℃时由于含氧官能团的裂解,氧含量有所减少,裂解部分主要为羰基,纤维体密度明显增加,线密度急剧减小;纤维强度随热氧化温度升高不断减小,600℃后减小趋势更加明显;模量随热氧化温度变化不明显。     

Ag/reduced graphene oxide(RGO) nanocomposites for detection of TNT

The modified Hummers method was employed to generate graphene oxide, and Ag/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites were synthesized at different temperatures by using sodium citrate as the reductant. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the reaction products. The results indicate that RGO has been synthesized successfully, and Ag particles are distributed evenly on the surface of RGO. The RGO prepared at a reaction temperature of 120℃ shows the best surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity. The Ag/RGO nanocomposites modified by 10^-5 mol/L 4-aminothiophenol (PATP) successfully detect a 10^-5 mol/L 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) alcohol solution.     

碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土抗弯构件抗剥离试验研究

碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)加固修复混凝土结构在工程中的应用极为广泛,能有效提高钢筋混凝土构件的承载力以及变形能力,但提高只能在一定范围有效,采取锚固措施更能提高效果,X型箍锚固效果优于U型箍。试验采用11根通过粘贴不同层数的碳纤维布进行加固,同时比较U型锚固与X型锚固及无锚固三种情况下的加固效果。     

Modulation structure stability of heat-treated Co/C and CoN/CN soft X-ray multilayers

Modulation structure stability of Co/C and CoN/CN soft X ray multilayers has been investigated by X ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The graphitization of the amorphous carbon layers in Co/C multilayers causes a period expansion of 12% at annealing temperatures below 400℃. An enormous period expansion (～40%) induced by the crystallization and agglomeration of Co layers has been observed at 500℃. While the period expansion of CoN/CN multilayers is only 4% at 400℃. The interface pattern of the CoN/CN multilayers still exists even if they were annealed at 700℃. The relatively good thermal stability of CoN/CN multilayers can be attributed to the suppression of the formation of the sp 3 bonding and, at annealing temperatures higher than the phase transition temperature of 420℃ (from hcp to fcc), the coexistence of hcp and fcc Co structures through doping nitrogen.     

煅烧制度对脱硫石膏物理性能的影响研究

通过对脱硫石膏进行热重分析,分析脱硫石膏的相变温度范围,选定不同的煅烧温度对脱硫石膏进行热处理;比较不同煅烧制度处理后脱硫石膏制品的物理性能等,并通过XRD/SEM等微观分析手段对水化产物进行分析,最终得出脱硫石膏在煅烧时间为1.5 h,煅烧温度设定在180℃时,其水化产物表现出最佳的物理性能。     

由碳还原KMnO4制备氧化锰/碳超级电容材料

以碳粉为还原剂，在酸性条件下与KMnO₄反应制备了粉末状氧化锰/碳复合材料，研究了碳还原剂种类（活性炭、石墨化中间相碳微球和膨胀石墨）以及镍、钴、铒离子对制备的氧化锰/碳粉末结构及电化学性能的影响。采用X-衍射技术和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析了氧化锰/碳的结晶结构及表面形态。结果表明，活性炭具有较强的还原能力，氧化锰/碳材料具有良好的电化学电容行为，其中以活性炭为还原剂制备的氧化锰/碳具有较高的电容量，质量比容量达117F/g，掺杂镍、钴后质量比容量达到185F/g。     

TA2-Q235B爆炸复合板钢侧组织特征

借助光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射和扫描电子显微镜等测试技术和手段,系统地研究热处理温度对TA2--Q235B爆炸复合板钢侧组织转变的影响,并分析了其形成机理.结果表明:在热处理过程中,钢侧界面组织发生脱碳,形成完全由铁素体组织组成的脱碳层,这些铁素体没有织构特征;当热处理温度在850℃及以下时,钢侧界面组织在靠近波头漩涡的地方发生异常长大,形成粗大的铁素体;当热处理温度在900℃及以上时,钢侧界面组织在钛钢复合界面上发生异常长大,产生柱状的铁素体组织.这些组织的形成受到碳元素的扩散和钢侧基体组织相变的共同作用.热处理过程中,界面产生的TiC在界面上分布不均,随温度升高,在界面局部富集,从而加速了碳元素向界面的扩散.     

金属离子对PAN基碳纤维结构和性能的影响

采用浸渍的方法,将钠、铁离子引入聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维。经预氧化、低温碳化后,分别在1200、1300、1500℃温度下,对PAN纤维进行高温碳化处理。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、体密度、力学性能等测试手段研究了金属离子对PAN基碳纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明,添加金属离子后,1500℃处理的碳纤维(002)面的层间距减小,碳纤维的抗拉强度降低,碳纤维的弹性模量增加;碳纤维横断面结构尺寸大小不一,结构疏松。金属离子的加入,一方面能促进碳纤维的乱层结构向石墨结构的转变,弹性模量增加;另一方面使碳纤维的缺陷增加,抗拉强度降低。     

用羟乙基纤维素(HEC)改善短碳纤维的分散性

实验采用HEC作为分散剂,采用旋转搅拌方式在其水溶液中对短碳纤维进行分散.对HEC的质量浓度、搅拌速度及搅拌时间对短碳纤维分散率的影响进行了研究,通过SEM表征了短碳纤维在分散前后的镀铜效果.结果表明:短碳纤维经HEC分散后,分散性明显改善.HEC在水中的浓度要适中,过高或过低,短碳纤维的分散效果不显著;搅拌速度的提升和分散时间的延长会提高短碳纤维的分散率.当HEC质量浓度为1.5 g/L,搅拌速度为800 r/min,搅拌时间为30 min时,短碳纤维的分散率达到98%.分散处理过的短碳纤维镀铜层更加完整均匀,无黑心现象.     

Investigation of the stress rupture behavior of GTD-111 superalloy melted by VIM/VAR

The effects of vacuum induction melting (VIM) and vacuum arc remelting (VAR) processes on the microstructure and stress rupture properties of Ni-based GTD-111 superalloy were investigated. Samples of GTD-111 master alloy were melted in VIM and VAR furnaces and then poured into a preheated ceramic mold for VIM melt or into a water-cooled copper mold for VAR melt. The as-cast samples were examined radiographically to ensure that no casting defects were present in the final castings; the samples were then heat-treated using a standard heat-treatment cycle. The microstructure of the samples was investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for microanalysis. On the basis of standard ASTM-E139, stress rupture tests were carried out at 1000℃ under a stress of 300 MPa. The results showed that a γ matrix, fine γ' precipitates, a γ-γ' eutectic structure, carbide particles, and some harmful phases such as σ and η phases were present in the as-cast samples. The γ' precipitates with cubic morphology appeared in the matrix after the standard heat-treatment process. The extent of segregation and the amount of γ-γ' eutectic structure formed in the VAR-prepared sample were less than in the VIM-prepared sample. The results of stress rupture tests showed that the rupture time for the VAR sample was 43% longer than that for the VIM sample.