抽水蓄能电站同发同抽等流量运行岔管水力特性

为研究抽水蓄能电站不同机组间同发同抽运行时的岔管水力特性,基于某抽水蓄能电站岔管的体型及设计参数,采用水动力模型对抽水蓄能电站同一水力单元内同发同抽等流量运行时的岔管段水力特性进行数值模拟研究。结果表明:研究范围内,同发同抽运行时岔管段水流会发生回流及低压区,最大的水头损失系数为0.5;与常规的运行工况相比,同一水力单元中进行同发同抽等流量运行时岔管内的水流流态会发生恶化、水头损失增大的现象,但从水力学的角度没有产生非常不良的流态。     

水电站岔管的水力试验研究

一、引言岔管是管路系统的一个组成部分,其功用是分配液流(或气流),在城市供水、化工、水电站和抽水蓄能电站等方面应用甚广。供水、化工等方面的岔管多采用丁字形,水电站(包括抽水蓄能电站)采用的岔管形式则较复杂,分岔角一般小于90°。水电站是生产电能     

岔管流动的数值模拟

应用k-ε模型和控制体积法建立了三维紊流数学模型,根据工程需要对某抽水蓄能电站的引水岔管和尾水岔管的不同体型进行了流态、流速、压力分布的数值模拟研究,在原方案计算结果的基础上提出了修改方案并进行了对比计算,给出了不同工况的水流流态、流速分布和压力分布以及相应的水头损失系数.计算结果表明,修改方案流态有明显改善,水头损失系数明显减小.     

底部设置隔壁式岔管的调压室水力特性三维数值分析

为了研究底部设置隔壁式岔管的调压室复杂水力特性,通过构建底部设置隔壁式岔管的调压室结构的三维数值计算模型,分析了典型流态下调压室的水流流态特性、分流/合流流态下局部水头损失系数与分流比的关系、正常运行工况下水流流经调压室底部的水头损失系数和水头损失特性,并推导得到了水流全部流进/流出调压室的水头损失系数和流量系数转换公式,较全面阐明了底部设置隔壁式岔管的调压室的局部水力特性。结果表明,三维数值模拟方法能准确揭示相应调压室结构的水力特性,水流全部流进/流出调压室的流量系数总体介于0.6~0.8之间,与规范相比,水流流进/流出调压室的流量系数相对较大。     

矩形调压室连接型式的研究

针对３台机组合用１条有压尾水隧洞的矩形阻抗式尾水调压室底部流道的体型进行了优化试验研究。研究了３种典型的底部流道体型的水头损失,以及机组负荷变化情况下不同的底部流道体型的水头损失与分流比的关系。结果表明,尾水调压室阻抗隔板下设曲线形分岔方案的流态较好,与常规无分岔的方案相比,减少水头损失的５０％,可显著提高发电效益。     

水电站水平底钢岔管结构及水力特性

为了对水电站新型水平底钢岔管的应用及优化设计提供理论和应用依据,首先结合工程实例对比分析了水平底钢岔管和月牙肋钢岔管,基于结构特性和水力特性进行可行性研究,然后再针对不同的分岔角、支锥管半锥顶角、管径比和肋宽比,分别进行了结构及水力特性影响因素的分析和研究,得到了不同特征参数对该种岔管结构及水力特性的影响规律,提出了该新型岔管在正常运行工况下的各项特征参数的建议值.研究结果表明:该新型岔管结构和水力特性均较好,具有较广阔的应用前景.     

双向水流侧式进出水口分流墩研究

研究了双向水流侧式进出水口分流墩与进出水口水力性能之间的关系。通过水工模型试验比较,研究分流墩形状及其布置方式对进出水口各孔流道中流量和流速分布以及水头损失系数的影响。针对抽水蓄能电站库水位变化幅度大,在发电和抽水工况下进出水口水流方向相反的特点,拟定了多个试验方案,并对每个方案在高水位及低水位时不同水流方向情况下的水力性能进行试验比较。研究表明,分流墩的形状和位置与双向水流侧式进出水口的水力性能     

沁河河口村水库引水发电洞设计

根据河口村水库开发任务的需要,引水发电洞兼顾供水和引水发电的双重任务,以满足下游工农业用水的需求。发电洞进口型式经竖井式和塔式方案比选后,最终确定采用塔式进水口;同时为满足环保需要采取分层取水布置方案。发电洞洞身相对较短,在未设置调压室的前提下,优选主洞经济洞径选用3.5m;大小电站均为一洞两机布置方案,分岔处均设置钢岔管,钢岔管采用月牙肋型。     

月牙肋岔管三维参数化设计方法研究

针对目前月牙肋岔管设计过程较复杂繁琐和初始设计方案不明确等问题,提出了高效的月牙肋岔管三维参数化设计方法,采用FORTRAN程序语言依据《水电站压力钢管设计规范》(SL 281-2003)形成岔管初始设计方案,据此将岔管相关设计参数导入CATIA设计平台中,进行三维参数化设计,结合有限元分析平台进行结构分析和优化,并开展了结构响应影响因素及其规律研究。为提高岔管结构分析计算精度及获得具有良好安全性和经济性的设计方案,根据研究结果提出以下建议:1主管和支管端部均可取轴向约束,计算模型范围需取5倍公切球半径以上;2岔管分岔角可取75°~80°,月牙肋厚度可取至管壁厚度2倍以下。     

抽水蓄能电站月牙肋岔管设计与分析

结合某抽水蓄能电站的工程实际,对月牙肋岔管及其水压试验方案设计进行了研究．根据工程需要设计了岔管主管和支管水压试验封头．在ANSYS中建立了岔管、封头和水压试验支架的有限元模型,对岔管和封头进行了分析与校核,提取了观测点处的应力值,为岔管的现场水压试验提供了理论依据．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.