底部设置隔壁式岔管的调压室水力特性三维数值分析

为了研究底部设置隔壁式岔管的调压室复杂水力特性,通过构建底部设置隔壁式岔管的调压室结构的三维数值计算模型,分析了典型流态下调压室的水流流态特性、分流/合流流态下局部水头损失系数与分流比的关系、正常运行工况下水流流经调压室底部的水头损失系数和水头损失特性,并推导得到了水流全部流进/流出调压室的水头损失系数和流量系数转换公式,较全面阐明了底部设置隔壁式岔管的调压室的局部水力特性。结果表明,三维数值模拟方法能准确揭示相应调压室结构的水力特性,水流全部流进/流出调压室的流量系数总体介于0.6~0.8之间,与规范相比,水流流进/流出调压室的流量系数相对较大。     

抽水蓄能电站同发同抽等流量运行岔管水力特性

为研究抽水蓄能电站不同机组间同发同抽运行时的岔管水力特性,基于某抽水蓄能电站岔管的体型及设计参数,采用水动力模型对抽水蓄能电站同一水力单元内同发同抽等流量运行时的岔管段水力特性进行数值模拟研究。结果表明:研究范围内,同发同抽运行时岔管段水流会发生回流及低压区,最大的水头损失系数为0.5;与常规的运行工况相比,同一水力单元中进行同发同抽等流量运行时岔管内的水流流态会发生恶化、水头损失增大的现象,但从水力学的角度没有产生非常不良的流态。     

基于EPANET的桐梓隧道反坡排水设计和分析

为提高桐梓隧道反坡排水系统管道水力计算精度,确定排水管道流速和节点水压力分布及水头损失,模拟不同类型水泵组合和排水方式,基于EPANET建立桐梓隧道反坡排水模型,通过控制管道流速和末端水压力,实现对整个排水系统的设备选型和动态模拟.结果表明:与常规计算方法相比,EPANET隧道反坡排水模型在水力计算时考虑了实际高程及局部水头损失,总水头损失计算准确度提高50％以上,设计流速与实际流速一致,并能得出管网系统动水压力分布.可见EPANET可以对不同水泵组合模拟抽水分析,为隧道反坡排水设备选型和水力计算提供参考.     

环喷式流量调节阀的流动特性

为了研究环喷式流量调节阀的流动特性,以DN900环喷式流量调节阀为例,首先运用局部能量损失分析方法,将通流部位分为三部分,通过理论计算得到不同开度下环喷式流量调节阀的流阻系数以及在50 m净水头下的流量系数和水头损失等;然后运用数值方法对环喷式流量调节阀通流过程进行数值模拟,得到了不同开度下的流阻系数以及在相同净水头下的流量系数和水头损失等,并对调节阀的内部流动特性进行分析。将两种方法计算得到的结果进行对比分析,结果表明,基于局部损失推导和数值计算得到的流阻系数具有相同的分布规律,即随着开度的减小流阻系数快速增长,且大开度时两种方法的计算结果吻合较好;同时流体流经阀门时会有旋涡出现,为改善阀门汽蚀情况可以在阀门中加入补气管。     

矩形调压室连接型式的研究

针对３台机组合用１条有压尾水隧洞的矩形阻抗式尾水调压室底部流道的体型进行了优化试验研究。研究了３种典型的底部流道体型的水头损失,以及机组负荷变化情况下不同的底部流道体型的水头损失与分流比的关系。结果表明,尾水调压室阻抗隔板下设曲线形分岔方案的流态较好,与常规无分岔的方案相比,减少水头损失的５０％,可显著提高发电效益。     

某电站进水口体型优化水力学试验研究

文章采用1∶30水工模型试验,研究了某电站进水口前流态、漩涡特性、进口段水头损失、沿程时均压力特性及过栅流速等。试验结果表明:在电站正常运行库水位范围内,进水口前未出现影响机组正常运行的有害漩涡,进水口及拦污栅结构体等设计合理;拦污栅结构体至进口渐变段末端的水力损失系数为0.122,在机组引水流量为900m3/s条件下,进口断面的局部水头损失为0.246m;进水口有压管段顶面和侧面的时均压力梯度均较小,检修门井及快速闸门井内的水面波动最大值为0.09m,说明有压进口段的体型较好;拦污栅断面的流速及分布特性随机组运行时库水位的变化而变化,最大过栅流速约为2.1m/s。     

过水建筑物变态模型水流相似性试验研究

参照黄河山东齐河河段北展分凌(洪)区豆腐窝分洪闸进行了模型设计和试验．依据实体模型相似理论，结合河道模型设计经验，选定变率分别为1.0、3.0、5.0、8.0、10.0、13.3的6个概化模型．对5个变态模型和1个正态模型的泄流能力、闸上游流场进行了试验对比研究．试验结果表明：变态系列模型垂线平均流速沿断面宽度的分布与正态模型一样，不同变率模型各断面平均流速与正态模型流速的偏离程度不大；流量系数与变率大小无明显规律，变态模型的流量系数比正态模型增大约0.06～0.22倍；建立了各变态模型的相对水头与流量系数m的表达式．     

岩溶管道的折算渗透系数取值探讨

为完善岩溶管道的折算渗透系数计算方法,基于Izbash指数方程,在考虑了局部水头损失和沿程水头损失的条件下推导了岩溶管道的折算渗透系数公式,并通过建立弯折岩溶管道模型验证该方法的合理性。基于此弯折岩溶管道模型,采用单因素分析法,讨论了4种流态分区(层流区、水力光滑区、第二过渡区和水力粗糙区)下折算渗透系数对水流的雷诺系数、岩溶管道直径和弯折角度以及岩溶管道计算长度的响应。结果表明:(a)岩溶管道较短时,大雷诺系数和水流边界条件的急剧变化会产生较大的局部水头损失,此时推导的考虑局部水头损失的折算渗透系数可以较好地反映实际情况。(b)岩溶管道直径对折算渗透系数的影响最大;雷诺系数只在层流区影响较大,其他3个流态区雷诺系数、弯折角度和岩溶管道计算长度的影响与管道直径相比较小。     

斜扩张管倾斜角度对催化转化器流动特性的影响

采用计算流体动力学模型,利用三维建模软件(UG)对催化转化器进行三维建模,在Gambit中进行计算区域网格化和边界条件的定义.用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件FLUENT对4种不同入口扩张管倾斜角度的催化转化器的速度场、压力场进行三维稳态流动数值模拟.模拟结果表明:催化器入口扩张管倾斜角度对催化转化器的气流分布有很大影响,斜扩张管催化器由于倾斜角的不同,其压力损失也不同,压力损失并不是随着倾斜角的增大而增加,当倾斜角为30°时的压力损失最小;当斜扩张管的倾斜角小于40°时,催化器斜扩张管的倾斜角越大,流动均匀性指数越高,流速分布越均匀.     

复杂非对称岔管数值模拟中湍流模型的影响

该文旨在探究湍流模型对复杂非对称岔管水力特性仿真的结果准确度和计算时间成本的影响。基于Reynolds时均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程,利用剪切应力传输k-ω(SSTk-ω)、标准k-ε(Sk-ε)、可实现k-ε(Rk-ε)、重整化群k-ε(RNGk-ε)和Reynolds应力模型(RSM)共5种不同湍流模型解决方程封闭性问题,深入对比分析基于各湍流模型模拟的流速场、紊动能场、水头损失和时间成本的差异。将计算结果与物理模型试验结果进行比较,发现基于各湍流模型的计算值与试验值偏差和计算效率均随着水流条件的不同而变化。总体而言,基于SSTk-ω的模型计算效率较高,基于RSM的结果与试验值偏差较小。SST k-ω和RSM适合应用于求解类似复杂岔管的水力特性问题,可根据所具备的计算资源和对结果准确度要求在二者中选择。而RNGk-ε、Sk-ε和Rk-ε模型均不能较准确模拟岔管分流、汇流形态及引起的水头损失。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to