结构抗震承载力利用系数的可靠度校核

广东省的地方性标准DBJ15-92—2013《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》的抗震性能设计在国家现行的抗震设计规范的基础上进行改进,采用按设防烈度地震(中震)计算地震作用,引入承载力利用系数考虑构件的延性能力,来进行构件的承载力设计.为验证新的抗震承载力计算公式的可靠性,采用一次二阶矩方法对计算公式进行可靠度分析,研究了荷载比(地震作用标准值效应与重力荷载效应比值)、性能水准、设防烈度、构件受力类型等因素对可靠度的影响.结果表明:在同一性能水准下构件可靠指标和可靠性概率大小所遵从的规律为受压构件受剪构件受弯构件受拉构件,符合"强剪弱弯"的概念设计要求;荷载比和构件重要性系数对构件可靠度有显著的影响,设防烈度对构件可靠度的影响不大.     

带消能节点的梁柱式木结构民宅的抗震性能

以Q235钢制作的消能节点,将规格木材组合成的梁、柱连接成具有较大抗侧刚度的延性框架体系.该结构不使用我国传统木结构的榫卯连接,节点不削弱木构件,故具有更高的承载力;不需要北美轻型木结构体系中的墙体提供抗侧刚度,因而结构布置灵活,且节省材料.对采用该节点的木框架结构示范工程进行了结构分析和足尺节点的拟静力试验.结果表明:节点通过钢板的塑性变形消耗能量,具有良好的耗能能力;在考虑频遇地震作用参与的荷载标准组合作用时,结构的变形能满足现行建筑抗震设计规范的相关要求;在罕遇地震作用时,框架的弹塑性变形集中在消能节点上,层间相对弹塑性角位移小于1/50,达到我国现行规范抗震设防的目标.     

内嵌钢板销式连接胶合木梁短期受力性能

内嵌多块钢板销式连接是重型木结构最有效的连接方式之一,已越来越广泛地应用于木结构节点连接中.采用四点弯曲加载试验方法,对两根内嵌三块钢板销式连接胶合木梁短期受力性能进行了试验研究,其中一根梁的连接节点位于纯弯段,另一根梁的连接节点位于弯剪段.研究采用此类连接胶合木梁的力学性能、破坏模式以及连接位置对胶合木梁力学性能的影响等,并基于试验结果推导采用此类连接胶合木梁的极限承载力和挠度计算公式.试验结果表明:构件的极限承载力和跨中挠度与连接节点的位置有关,连接节点位于弯剪段胶合木梁的承载力大于连接节点位于纯弯段胶合木梁的承载力;理论计算结果与试验数据符合较好,可为木结构的设计和应用提供参考.     

钢纤维增强高强钢筋混凝土梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究配置HRB600高强钢筋钢纤维整体增强混凝土梁柱节点的抗震性能和核心区受剪承载力,进行10个梁柱节点的拟静力试验,研究轴压比、剪压比、配箍率、混凝土种类和钢纤维混凝土的增强范围等对配置HRB600钢筋混凝土梁柱节点抗震性能指标的影响.结果表明:钢纤维整体/局部增强的HRB600钢筋混凝土梁柱节点的滞回曲线更饱满,刚度退化速率更慢,耗能更高.钢纤维混凝土能够显著改善试件的破坏形态,减轻节点的累积损伤.采用《建筑抗震设计规范》计算HRB600高强钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁柱节点的受剪承载力时,对于配箍率较低的节点较为保守,对于配箍率较高的节点的计算结果更接近于试验值.美国ACI 352—02规范比中国《建筑抗震设计规范》的受剪承载力计算值的安全储备高.     

无筋砌体双向偏心受压构件承载力计算

桥梁工程中经常遇到双向偏心受压的砌体构件，但现行的公路桥涵设计规范却没有这方面的内容。为此，对《砌体结构设计规范》中关于无筋砌体矩形截面的双向偏心受压构件承载力影响系数φ值计算公式进行了分析，认为φ值在局部范围内存在着使承载力随偏心距增大而增大等缺陷，并给出了新的计算公式。新公式考虑了双向长柱效应及其耦合作用，计算更为合理，可供公路桥梁设计应用。     

新型钢管混凝土节点的非线性有限元分析

提出一种新型钢管混凝土柱与钢筋混凝土梁的节点形式,在节点区中断外钢管,加设芯钢管,使钢筋混凝土梁中的钢筋在节点直通、节点与所连接构件的混凝土成为一体,解决梁的内力在节点传递的问题。为验证新型节点的合理性和可行性,在合理选择材料本构关系、破坏准则的基础上,采用通用有限元工具ANSYS,建立一个三维有限元模型,对芯钢管中柱节点模型的外钢管应力、芯钢管应力、混凝土应力、节点区裂缝进行了分析。结果表明,有限元分析结果与模型试验结果吻合良好,节点的承载力大于被其连接的构件的承载力,满足"强节点、弱构件"的抗震设计原则,证实了新型节点的合理性和可行性。     

预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土框架梁柱中节点抗震性能试验研究

预制装配式混凝土结构的节点连接方式是目前解决该技术推广的重点问题.提出了预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土框架结构的概念,即把钢筋混凝土框架结构分解成柱预制构件和梁预制构件两个部分,只在构件连接区和梁柱核心区设置钢骨,钢骨在混凝土构件中不连续,连接区为无筋钢骨混凝土.开展了3个预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土框架中节点试件的低周往复试验,并与两个相同工况的钢筋混凝土框架中节点试件进行了对比.对2种形式5个试件的破坏规律、滞回曲线、承载能力、刚度退化及延性进行了分析,发现预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土试件的承载力是相同配筋的钢筋混凝土试件的3倍,承载力及刚度退化缓慢,延性和耗能能力较好,说明装配式连接节点的设计可靠、抗震性能好,符合强节点、弱构件的抗震设计理念,可用于预制装配式混凝土框架结构的现场装配施工.     

干式连接装配式复合墙体抗震性能试验研究

设计了4榀装配式复合墙体,进行低周往复加载试验,研究灌浆套筒连接、焊接连接、盒式连接和螺栓连接4种不同连接方式墙体的破坏模式、滞回特性、位移延性系数、刚度退化和耗能等特性.结果表明:4种连接件均未破坏,符合强节点、弱构件的抗震设计理念,能满足结构受力需要.各试件破坏形态基本相同,均为剪切破坏,极限位移角均大于1/90.不同连接方式对墙体各项抗震指标影响不同,与灌浆套筒连接试件相比,焊接连接承载力下降7%,位移延性系数上升5%,累计耗能下降22%;盒式连接承载力上升5%,位移延性系数下降33%,累计耗能下降27%;螺栓连接承载力下降13%,位移延性系数上升52%,累计耗能提升62%.焊接连接的试件耗能低、不易施工且焊接质量难以保障;而盒式连接和螺栓连接二者施工不仅便捷,而且具有较好的承载力和耗能能力.     

高强钢结构抗火研究进展

高强钢结构的性能与应用是近年来建筑结构领域的热点研究课题之一,其火灾性能至关重要.本文总结国内外高强钢结构的抗火研究现状,包括高强钢高温材料性能、高强钢构件抗火性能以及高强钢用于梁柱连接节点的抗火性能研究等.不同种类高强钢的高温力学性能差异显著,且基于普通钢材料力学性能的现行钢结构设计规范均不能经济可靠地指导高强钢结构防火设计;国内外对高强钢构件及节点的抗火性能研究以理论分析和数值模拟为主,试验研究相对匮乏,远不能满足高强钢结构设计需求.因此,有必要进行更多更深入的试验和理论研究,以完善高强钢结构的设计理论,为相关设计规范修订提供依据.     

基于设计地震分组的反应谱特征周期研究

文章搜集整理了1933-2015年美国西部地区166个有详细钻孔资料台站场地上的1237条水平方向强震记录,按照我国现行建筑抗震设计规范中标准反应谱的形式对强震记录的加速度反应谱进行了拟合,提取了反应谱的特征周期;统计分析了特征周期取值随场地类别、震级、震中距的变化特征;确定了抗震设计规范中设计地震分组的划分方法,按设计地震分组统计计算了不同场地类别上的特征周期平均值,并与我国现行的建筑抗震设计规范中给定的特征周期值进行了对比研究。研究结果可为我国抗震设计规范修订时反应谱特征周期取值提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-