双面钝化高效硅空间太阳电池的设计及研究

从研制空间用高效太阳电池出发,比较了双面钝化硅太阳电池相对于砷化镓太阳电池的优势,提出了一种新型双面钝化高效硅太阳电池的设计思想和研制方法。给出电池样品的测试结果,该电池在ＡＭ０,２５℃下光电转换效率为１８．７％。     

钝化发射极,背面定域扩散高效硅太阳电池

报道了钝化发射极，背面定域扩散高效率硅太阳电池的研制结果，阐述了电池的工艺制作流程及结构设计特点，并分析其获得高转换效率的机理。由于电池设计及制作中采用了双面钝化，背面进行定域小面积的硼扩散，正面利用“倒金字塔“结构，同时配以淡磷、浓磷分区扩散等手段，使硅太阳电池的开路电压、短路电流和填充因子都得到较大提高，在ＡＭ１．５，２５℃的光照条件下，光电转换效率η＝２３．８％。     

钝化发射极、背面定域扩散高效硅太阳电池

报道了钝化发射极、背面定域扩散高效率硅太阳电池的研制结果。阐述了电池的工艺制作流程及结构设计特点，并分析其获得高转换效率的机理。由于电池设计及制作中采用了双面钝化，背面进行定域小面积的硼扩散，正面利用“倒金字塔”结构，同时配以谈磷、浓磷分区扩散等手段，使硅太阳电他的开路电压、短路电流和填充因子都得到较大提高，在ＡＭ１．５，２５℃的光照条件下，光电转换效率η＝２３．８％。     

几种新型钙钛矿太阳电池的概述

基于钙钛矿太阳电池巨大的发展潜力,简要的概述了钙钛矿太阳电池的发展历程,并阐述其基本工作原理;同时总结了AZO基底钙钛矿太阳电池和三种基于钙钛矿与硅薄膜相结合的新型钙钛矿电池结构:钙钛矿硅薄膜复合太阳电池、新型双面钙钛矿太阳电池和硅基钙钛矿叠层太阳电池.最后,展望了未来开发新型钙钛矿太阳电池的努力方向及其发展前景,为进一步研究钙钛矿太阳电池提供一定的参考.     

PESC太阳电池双层减反射膜的研究

钝化发射极硅太阳电池（简称为PESC）^[1]，采用浅结密栅结构，以改革蓝光响应，提高转换效率。同时要求硅太阳电池的减反射在短波范围有较好的透射性能。本文对MgF2-Zn双层减反射进行了研究，将其用于PESC中，有效地提高了电池的短波光谱响应。在AM1．5mw/cm^2光照下得到太阳电池短路电流增益高达1．47，平均反射率在3％左右。     

SSP衬底上多晶硅薄膜电池的研究

从简化步骤,降低成本的角度出发,采用快速热化学气相沉积（RTCVD）法在低纯颗粒带硅（SSP）衬底上制备出了多晶硅薄膜太阳电池,测试结果表明,实验室制备的无钝化,无减发射膜的多晶硅薄膜太阳电池获得了3．57％的转换效率,并在此基础上提出采用氢钝化,减反射,快速生长和隔离技术,期待电池效率能有进一步的提高。     

太阳电池伏安特性测试仪的研制

阐述了实验室测量太阳电池参数的方法、条件．设计了一种可调电位差补偿测试线路．另外,结合温度对太阳电池性能的影响,研制了测试系统中的温控装置．测试结果表明该装置能满足对高效硅太阳电池测试的要求．     

空间用高效率硅太阳电池前景广阔

上海航天局下达的“空间用高效率硅太阳电池”课题,由华中理工大学固体电子学系与上海新宇电源厂联合承担研制任务.该课题已于1989年通过了鉴定.所研制的单片硅太阳电池效率高达18.03%(AM1.5,100W/cm~2,28℃,全面积).该技术成果的主要工艺特点是:对PESC硅太阳电池,在国内率先采用超薄热氧化(具有再分布和钝化表面的作用)与浅结密栅相结合的先进工艺.此技术不仅为提高硅太阳电池光电转换效率和太阳电池重量比功率等提供了新的技术,而且也为民用普通硅太阳电池效率的提高指明了途径.     

等离子体太阳电池的研究进展

 高效太阳电池是近年太阳电池产业发展的目标,等离子体太阳电池技术则是近年来研究的比较活跃的高效太阳电池技术之一。该文对等离子体太阳电池,从原理,材料到技术的最新研究进展做了比较全面的论述。等离子体太阳电池主要是利用贵金属纳米颗粒的表面等离子体效应增强太阳电池的光吸收。该技术既可以用在传统的硅电池上也可以用在薄膜电池上,尤其适用于作为薄膜电池的陷光结构,并且易于和传统的电池制造工艺相结合,有实现商业化的潜力。     

SSP衬底上多晶硅薄膜电池的研究

从简化步骤、降低成本的角度出发,采用快速热化学气相沉积(RTCVD)法在低纯颗粒带硅(SSP)衬底上制备出了多晶硅薄膜太阳电池.测试结果表明,实验室制备的无钝化、无减发射膜的多晶硅薄膜太阳电池获得了3.57%的转换效率.并在此基础上提出采用氢钝化、减反射、快速生长和隔离技术,期待电池效率能有进一步的提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-