Effects of enhancing p21 waf1 on proliferation and expression of G1cyclins andCDKs in human breast cancer cells

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21( waf1/cip1/sdil) is an important negative regulator in control of cell cycle. Its functions of inhibiting cancer cell growth and its effects on expression of G1 phase cyclins and related CDKs are a worthy topic for study. The plasmid expressing p2l with high level was transformed to human breast cancer cells, and the expression of p2l in cells was enhanced, then the cell growth rate, anchorage-independent growth and tu-morigenecity were tested, at the same time the expression levels of cyclinD1, CDK4, cyclinE and CDK2 were analyzed by Northern blot. The results showed that since the expression of p21 was enhanced in the cell, the rate of cell growth and anchorage-independent growth was inhibited, tumorigenecity was suppressed, the level of expression of cyclinE and CDK2 decreased while that of cyclinDl and CDK4 was not affected. It is suggested that the enhanced expression of p21 markedly inhibits the proliferation and lessens the tumorigenecity of breast cancer cells, and that p2l expression is not related to that of cyclinDl and CDK4, but affects the expression of cyclinE and CDK2 .     

Effect of P15INK4b/MTS2 on the proliferation of human hepatoma cells SMMC-7721

The full length cDNA coding for P15 INK4b, which is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, was cloned to plasmid PXJ41-neo (Eco RⅠ/XhoⅠ site) and the new constructed plasmid pXJp15 was obtained. pXJp15 was transferred into the human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells by lipofectine reagent. After G418 selection, a series of cell lines stably expressing high levels of P15 (named SHT) and the clone containing vector PXJ41-neo only (named SVXJ) were obtained by Northern and Western analysis. The results showed that the proliferation of SHT cells is inhibited compared with that of SVXJ cells. Cell cycle analysis indicated that overexpressing of P15 inhibited the growth of SHT cells by decreasing progrssion of cells from G1 to S and G2 to M phases. The levels of c-Myc and c-Fos were obviously decreased in SHT cells compared with control cells by Western blotting. The decreased expression of oncogene may be one of the molecular mechanisms of the effect of P15 on the proliferation of in SHT cells.     

Effects of CDK4 antisense RNA on Human breast cancer cell proliferation and expression of cyclinD1, cyclinE and CDK2

The role of CDK4 in human breast cancer cell proliferation and expression of cyclinD1, cyclinE and CDK2 has been investigated using inhibition of CDK4 expression by antisense RNA. When CDK4 expression was inhibited, the rate of cell proliferation and tumorigenecity decreased apparently. This indicates that CDK4 plays an important role in formation and development of breast tumor. The results of Northern blot analysis showed that the levels of cyclinDl and CDK2 mRNAs changed slightly whereas the level of cyclinE mRNA decreased obviously. It is suggested that the expression of CDK4 is necessary for imction of cyclinE expression. Thus, inhibition of CDK4 expression affects not only the role of CDK4 itself but also the role of other genes.     

Partial inhibition of CDK4 gene expression leads to the extension of G1 phase of V79-8 cells

V79-8 is an abnormal cell line which does not have detectable G1 and G2 phases in its cell cycle. This cell line is derived from V79 cell line which has Gl phase but lacks G2 phase. By using an anti-sense approach, CDK4 gene expression was partially inhibited to find whether CDK4 might contribute to the lack of Gl phase in V79-8 cells. Anti-CDK4 anti-sense plasmid was constructed and used to transfect V79-8 cells. Clones of transfected cells (V79-8-asCDK4) were examined, in comparison with V79-8 cells, to determine its growth curve, cell doubling-time (GT), the level of CDK4 gene expression and the levels of expression of some other growth related genes. V79-8-asCDK4 cells showed a slower growth rate with a doubling time 2.5-h longer than that of V79-8 cells. A flow cytometry (FCM) analysis demonstrated that the 2.5 h increase of the doubling time of V79-8-asCDK4 cells was mainly due to the appearance of Gl phase because its G2 + M phase was not significantly different from that of V79-8 cells. The decrease of CDK4 gene expression in V79-8-asCDK4 cells was shown by Northern-blot. Changes in the expression levels of the growth-related genes TGF-β, cyclin D1 and Rb were also detected in V79-8-asCDK4 cells. CDK4 functions mainly in G1 and at the transition between G1 and S phases. Expression of an anti-sense CDK4 gene fragment reduces the levels of endogenous CDK4, CDK4/cyclinD kinase activity and the phosphorylation of Rb. These events may postpone the inactivation of the check-point leading to the delay of entry into S phase and the reappearance of G1 phase in V79-8-asCDK4 cells.     

Effects of CDK4 antisense RNA on Human breast cancer cell proliferation and expression of cyclinDl, cyclinE and CDK2

The role of CDK4 in human breast cancer cell proliferation and expression of cyclinD1, cy-clinE and CDK2 has been investigated using inhibition of CDK4 expression by antisense RNA. When CDK4 expression was inhibited, the rate of cell proliferation and tumorigenecity decreased apparently. This indicates that CDK4 plays an important role in formation and development of breast tumor. The results of Northern blot analysis showed that the levels of cyclinDl and CDK2 mRNAs changed slightly whereas the level of cyclinE mRNA decreased obviously. It is suggested that the expression of CDK4 is necessary for induction of cyclinE expression. Thus, inhibition of CDK4 expression affects not only the role of CDK4 itself but also the role of other genes.     

Effect of PKC pathway on G1/S progression control in HeLa cells

The effect of PKC activity on G1/S progression in HeLa cells has been studied.The result shows that (ⅰ) PKC activity alteration in G1 phase affects G1/S progression in HeLa cells.It has been observed that G1/S progression is stimulated by PKC agonist TPA and inhibited by PKC inhibitor GF-109203X.(ⅱ) The expression of c-myc and c-jun is stimulated by TPA and inhibited by GF-109203X treatment in early G1 phase.(ⅲ) During G1/S progression,the expression of CyclinD1 is stimulated by TPA treatment and inhibited by GF-109203X treatment.There is no effect on the expression of CDK4.It is likely that PKC pathway regulates G1/S progression through regulating the expression of some early response genes and engine molecules in HeLa cells.     

钙调素拮抗剂TFP对BGC-823细胞增殖的影响及其分子机制的探讨

为了进一步探讨钙调素拮抗剂TFP对人胃癌细胞增殖的影响及其分子机制，利用MTT法及流式细胞光度术检测了TFP对细胞增殖的影响，进一步利用western blot的方法对细胞中p16^INK4a和cyclinD的表达水平进行了检测。结果表明：TFP处理可以明显提高BGC－823细胞中p16^INK4a的表达水平，而cyclinD1的水平则明显下降，提示TFP可能通过影响p16^INK4a的表达水平抑制细胞的增殖。     

Effect ofP15 INK4b/MTS2 on the proliferation of human hepatoma cells SMMC-7721

The full length cDNA coding forP15 ^INK4b, which is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, was cloned to plasmid PXJ41-neo (Eco R I /Xho I site) and the new constructed plasmid pXJp15 was obtained. pXJp15 was transferred into the human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cetls by lipofectine reagent. After G418 setection, a series of cetl lines stably expressing high levets ofP15 (named SHT) and the clone containing vector PXJ41-neo only (named SVXJ) were obtained by Northern and Western analysis. The results showed that the proliferation of SHT cells is inhibited compared with that of SVXJ cetls. Cell cycle analysis indicated that overexpressing ofP15 inhibited the growth of SHT cetls by decreasing progrssion of cetls from G1 to S and G2 to M phases. The levets ofc-Myc andc-Fos were obviously decreased in SHT cells compared with control cetls by Western blotting. The decreased expression of oncogene may be one of the molecular mechanisms of the effect ofP15 on the proliferation of in SHT cetls.     

以鼠腹腔微环境研究三氧化二砷对食管癌EC109细胞骨架的影响

目的:细胞骨架微丝是与肿瘤细胞生长密切相关的因素之一,本文以生物机体腹腔为免疫的微环境,研究化疗药物三氧化二砷(As2O3)对人食管癌细胞株微丝骨架的影响.方法:利用鬼笔环肽(Phalloidin)及碘化丙碇(Propidium Iodide,PI)标记,以流式细胞仪技术分析小鼠腹腔液中食管癌EC109细胞周期的各期细胞内F-actin的变化.结果:诱导肥大细胞(mast cell,MC)迁移入腹腔的同时,迅速升高G0/G1期细胞及降低S期细胞内的F-actin含量,DNA检测结果显示G0/G1期的肿瘤细胞数量迅速增加(p<0.05),S期细胞含量降低;三氧化二砷作用后,食管癌细胞各期的F-actin含量均降低,尤其S期为甚.MC和As2O3共同作用后,食管癌细胞各期的F-actin含量均也减少,但G0/G1期细胞数量却显著增加.结论:在小鼠腹腔微环境中,免疫功能改变(免疫细胞MC的聚集)引起G0/G1期细胞数量迅速升高、S期细胞的数量降低,可能促使EC109细胞G0/G1期向S期跨越的延迟;在此环境中,As2O3也可能通过抑制S期EC109细胞内F-actin的重组来延迟细胞从G0/G1期进入S期;诱导肥大细胞迁入腹腔的同时加入药物As2O3,其作用主要表现为短期效应,促进了肿瘤细胞内F-actin含量的降低,G0/G1期细胞数量较高,出现短暂的延迟G0/G1期向S期跨越,增强了对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用.因此,以生物机体为研究环境,可能更真实地呈现化疗药物对肿瘤细胞的治疗效果.     

三尖杉酯碱诱导HeLa细胞凋亡的研究

报道了三尖杉酯碱 (harringtonine ,HT)可以诱导HeLa细胞凋亡 .采用Heochst33342荧光染色、琼脂糖凝胶电泳及流式细胞光度术 (FCM)的方法 ,研究了HT对HeLa细胞凋亡的影响 .利用细胞同步化技术和斑点杂交法研究发现 ,HT影响了HeLa细胞c myc和bcl 2基因的表达并且与细胞周期密切相关 .初步探讨其凋亡诱导的机制 ,认为HT通过在G1和G2 期下调细胞凋亡抑制基因bcl 2的诱导凋亡 ,以及下调c myc癌基因阻滞细胞增殖 ,并延迟凋亡发生 .这些结果对于了解HT的药物作用机制和提高临床化疗疗效具有重要意义 .     

Degradation of the cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is instigated by Jab1

The proliferation of mammalian cells is under strict control, and the cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitory protein p27Kip1 is an essential participant in this regulation both in vitro and in vivo. Although mutations in p27Kip1 are rarely found in human tumours, reduced expression of the protein correlates well with poor survival among patients with breast or colorectal carcinomas, suggesting that disruption of the p27Kip1 regulatory mechanisms contributes to neoplasia. The abundance of p27Kip1 in the cell is determined either at or after translation, for example as a result of phosphorylation by cyclinE/Cdk2 complexes, degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, sequestration by unknown Myc-inducible proteins, binding to cyclinD/Cdk4 complexes, or inactivation by the viral E1A oncoprotein. We have found that a mouse 38K protein (p38) encoded by the Jab1 gene interacts specifically with p27Kip1 and show here that overexpression of p38 in mammalian cells causes the translocation of p27Kip1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, decreasing the amount of p27Kip1 in the cell by accelerating its degradation. Ectopic expression of p38 in mouse fibroblasts partially overcomes p27Kip1-mediated arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and markedly reduces their dependence on serum. Our findings indicate that p38 functions as a negative regulator of p27Kip1 by promoting its degradation.     

p15Ink4b is a critical tumour suppressor in the absence of p16Ink4a

The CDKN2b-CDKN2a locus on chromosome 9p21 in human (chromosome 4 in mouse) is frequently lost in cancer. The locus encodes three cell cycle inhibitory proteins: p15INK4b encoded by CDKN2b, p16INK4a encoded by CDKN2a and p14ARF (p19Arf in mice) encoded by an alternative reading frame of CDKN2a (ref. 1). Whereas the tumour suppressor functions for p16INK4a and p14ARF have been firmly established, the role of p15INK4b remains ambiguous. However, many 9p21 deletions also remove CDKN2b, so we hypothesized a synergistic effect of the combined deficiency for p15INK4b, p14ARF and p16INK4a. Here we report that mice deficient for all three open reading frames (Cdkn2ab-/-) are more tumour-prone and develop a wider spectrum of tumours than Cdkn2a mutant mice, with a preponderance of skin tumours and soft tissue sarcomas (for example, mesothelioma) frequently composed of mixed cell types and often showing biphasic differentiation. Cdkn2ab-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are substantially more sensitive to oncogenic transformation than Cdkn2a mutant MEFs. Under conditions of stress, p15Ink4b protein levels are significantly elevated in MEFs deficient for p16Ink4a. Our data indicate that p15Ink4b can fulfil a critical backup function for p16Ink4a and provide an explanation for the frequent loss of the complete CDKN2b-CDKN2a locus in human tumours.     

HMBA对人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞增殖和相关基因表达的影响

研究了环六亚甲基双乙酰胺对人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞的增殖和相关基因表达的影响.实验结果表明HMBA可明显抑制MG-63细胞的增殖,细胞生长抑制率达50.69%,分裂指数抑制率达58.8%,增殖细胞核抗原的表达降低,细胞周期被阻滞在G0/G1期.免疫细胞化学染色结果显示,经HMBA处理之后,与增殖分化调控有关的癌基因c-myc、c-fos、c-erbB-2、mtp53的表达降低、抑癌基因p21WAF1/CIP1、p16、rb的表达升高.研究结果表明,HMBA能够有效抑制人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞的增殖活动,其对细胞增殖的抑制作用与HMBA下调c-myc、c-fos、c-erbB-2、mtp53等癌基因以及上调p21WAF1/CIP1、p16、rb等抑癌基因的表达,从而调控细胞周期有重要关系.     

微血管内皮细胞与肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的相互调节

研究常氧下微血管内皮细胞(MVEC)与肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMC)增殖的相互调节。先滤膜培养大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞(LMVEC)后,再与PASMC复合培养,采用流式细胞仪检测PASMC周期的变化。复合培养后,正常情况下使PASMC的G1期细胞数减少,S＋G2／M期细胞数增多,即促进细胞生长;使LMVEC田C的G1期细胞数增多,S＋G2／M期细胞数减少,即抑制细胞生长。可见,MVEC与PASMC复合培养后,常氧下促进PASMC细胞生长,抑制LMVEC的增生,存在相互作用。