不同电子受体影响下的反硝化除磷过程

为进一步了解反硝化除磷菌的代谢行为,以序批式反应器(SBR)在厌氧/好氧条件下培养的活性污泥为对象,进行批次试验,研究了不同电子受体对反硝化缺氧吸磷的影响.结果证实:只要有电子受体存在,不论是硝氮(NO3--N)还是亚硝氮(NO2--N),缺氧吸磷都会发生,但NO2--N的缺氧吸磷量相对较少;反应开始时的电子受体质量浓度对反应过程影响很大,试验中NO3--N质量浓度为30mg/L、NO2--N质量浓度为20mg/L时吸磷量和吸磷速率均达到最高值;低于该值时,吸磷量和吸磷速率随着电子受体质量浓度的提高而增加;高于该值时,吸磷量和吸磷速率随着电子受体质量浓度的提高而减少;NO2--N质量浓度达80mg/L时,没有发现对反应的抑制作用;好氧吸磷效果好于缺氧吸磷.试验还发现反应器在厌氧/缺氧条件下连续运行时,反硝化除磷菌的厌氧释磷和缺氧吸磷能力将很快丧失.     

缺氧段碳源浓度对反硝化聚磷的影响

为了提高反硝化除磷工艺的脱氮除磷效率,以反硝化除磷污泥为研究对象,采用静态试验进行对比研究,考察碳源浓度对缺氧反硝化聚磷的影响.结果表明:当缺氧段初始碳源浓度为10.0 mg/L时,亚硝酸盐积累严重,反硝化聚磷受到抑制;当缺氧段初始碳源浓度由24.6 mg/L上升至176.8 mg/L时,随着碳源浓度的增加,反硝化速率...     

DO对短程反硝化过程中N2O产量的影响

利用SBR反应器,考察不同溶解氧(DO)条件下NO2-反硝化过程中N2O产生及释放过程。研究结果表明:控制曝气量为0.3 L/min,进水NO2--N质量浓度为40 mg/L,体系DO质量浓度分别为0,0.1,0.3,0.5和0.7 mg/L时,反硝化过程N2O释放量分别为0.41,0.60,2.62,4.98,6.83 mg/L;随DO质量浓度的增加,反硝化速率明显降低;当DO质量浓度由0 mg/L增至0.7 mg/L时,每克混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)的NO2-反硝化速率由14.9 mg/(L.h)降至10.2 mg/(L.h),每克MLSS的N2O产生速率由0.2 mg/(L.h)增至1.9 mg/(L.h)。其原因为:高DO质量浓度对氧化亚氮还原酶具有较强的毒性,抑制了N2O的进一步还原过程;高NO2-的存在导致抑制了氧化亚氮还原酶的活性。降低A/O和A2/O等生物脱氮过程中缺氧反应器内部DO质量浓度,保证严格缺氧条件,是减少短程生物反硝化过程中N2O产量的关键因素。     

有机碳源浓度对反硝化除磷的影响研究

广州地区城市污水碳量严重偏低、碳氮磷比例失调,其同步脱氮除磷一直是个难题,为此以SBR法就有机碳源浓度对反硝化除磷的影响进行研究.试验表明:在进水COD为180 mg.L-1的低碳运行下,反硝化除磷系统能够长期稳定运行,除磷效率达到99.2%;随着进水COD浓度从80 mg.L-1提高到240 mg.L-1,厌氧释磷量增加,缺氧反硝化速率与吸磷速率增加;缺氧段存在的COD浓度越高,对缺氧吸磷的抑制作用越大,随着缺氧段有机物浓度的增加,反硝化速率变大,吸磷速率变小,说明缺氧段存在外碳源会优先支持反硝化作用,抑制PHB作为内碳源的使用.     

有机碳源浓度对反硝化除磷的影向研究

广州地区城市污水碳量严重偏低、碳氮磷比例失调,其同步脱氮除磷一直是个难题,为此以SBR法就有机碳源浓度对反硝化除磷的影响进行研究.试验表明:在进水COD为180 mg·L-1的低碳运行下,反硝化除磷系统能够长期稳定运行,除磷效率达到99.2%;随着进水COD浓度从80 mg·L-1提高到240 mg·L-1,厌氧释磷量增加,缺氧反硝化速率与吸磷速率增加;缺氧段存在的COD浓度越高,对缺氧吸磷的抑制作用越大,随着缺氧段有机物浓度的增加,反硝化速率变大,吸磷速率变小,说明缺氧段存在外碳源会优先支持反硝化作用,抑制PHB作为内碳源的使用.     

交替式A~2/O系统碳源量对去除氮磷途径的影响

采用市政污水研究进水碳源含量不同时交替式A2/O工艺去除氮磷的途径以及效果.调控进水COD浓度分别在150、200、300、400 mg.L-1左右,氮磷浓度不变,跟踪厌氧池与缺氧池内NO3--N与总磷(TP)的变化规律.实验结果显示,几种进水水质下,系统都具有优良的除磷脱氮性能;进水COD在300、400 mg.L-1时,缺氧池内NO3--N浓度始终低于1 mg.L-1,而TP浓度由于推流作用逐渐上升,系统主要通过反硝化异养菌利用外碳源进行反硝化作用去除NO3--N;进水COD在150、200 mg.L-1时,缺氧池内TP浓度一直较低,有反硝化聚磷现象,表明交替式A2/O系统内存在专性好氧聚磷菌与反硝化聚磷菌.     

污泥浓度、pH、NO2- -N对反亚硝化脱氮的影响

反亚硝化脱氮是反硝化过程中的一个重要环节,也是污水短程反硝化脱氮的重要组成部分.本文在亚硝酸氮浓度为30~110 mg.L-1范围内,主要考察了影响反亚硝化速率因素中的pH、NO2--N、MLSS的作用.研究表明,在温度为18℃,pH为7.5时,反亚硝化速率最大;NO2--N浓度为60 mg.L-1时的反亚硝化作用最强;MLSS高则整体反亚硝化脱氮速率快,但MLSS高则单位质量反亚硝化菌的效率低.     

FNA对短程反硝化除磷系统运行的影响

目的研究不同游离亚硝酸(FNA)质量浓度对短程反硝化除磷系统的运行效能的影响.方法利用成功启动的短程反硝化除磷SBR反应器,分析不同FNA质量浓度在缺氧反应段脱氮除磷和碳源的利用效果以及厌氧比释磷速率和缺氧比吸磷速率的变化.结果 FNA质量浓度为1.46×10~(-3 )mg/L时,系统的反硝化和除磷效果最佳;FNA质量浓度为2.19×10~(-3 )mg/L时,系统几乎无除磷效果但反硝化反应仍可发生;随FNA质量浓度的升高,PHB的合成量和消耗量表现为先增多后减少.结论系统内厌氧释磷量与缺氧吸磷量两者之间存在与FNA质量浓度变化不相关的线性关系.     

序批式移动床生物膜反应器强化反硝化除磷处理低碳源污水

 为探讨反硝化除磷工艺对低碳源生活污水的处理性能,在序批式移动床生物膜反应器(SBMBBR) 中,通过对反硝化除磷菌的驯化,考察厌氧过程中COD 质量浓度、pH 值对释磷以及缺氧阶段NO₃^--N 和NO₂^--N 质量浓度对反硝化吸磷性能的影响。实验结果表明:周期为8 h 的运行中,COD、氨氮、TP 的去除率分别达到95%、90%、90%以上,出水质量浓度分别为8.07、3.67、0.46 mg/L,达到城镇污水一级A 排放标准。NO₃^--N 作为电子受体,60 mg/L 取得最佳的缺氧吸磷效果,高于20 mg/L 的NO₂^--N 作为电子受体时,反硝化除磷菌活性受到抑制。研究表明,在序批式移动床生物膜反应器中,以NO₃^--N作为电子受体进行反硝化除磷具有很好的处理效果。     

SUFR系统进水COD浓度对反硝化除磷的影响

对螺旋升流式反应器(Spiral Up-Flow Reactor, SUFR)中进水COD浓度对反硝化吸磷的影响进行了深入的研究,通过分析发现:1)缺氧反应器内出现了明显的反硝化吸磷现象,且当COD浓度在250～450 mg/L时效果显著;2)当进水COD浓度在400 mg/L左右时,厌氧释磷量和缺氧吸磷量均达到最大值,并且缺氧吸磷效率也最高;3)对不同COD负荷下厌氧释磷速率、缺氧反硝化吸磷速率以及PHB之间的关系进行分析.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to