理论平板及其中央开槽颤振特性的CFD研究

基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉描述法及刚性模型和计算网格同步运动的动网格技术,数值模拟了作竖弯或扭转谐振动的平板绕流场.通过计算一个运动周期内作用在平板上的总功,分析了理论平板的颤振机理.研究表明仅有竖弯自由度或扭转自由度的平板不可能发生单自由度颤振.计算了中央开槽20%平板的颤振导数.通过对一设想的大跨度桥梁进行二自由度颤振分析,显示平板中央开槽能显著提高其颤振稳定性.最后从气动机理上解释了平板开槽能提高颤振稳定性的原因.     

薄平板断面气动自激力振幅效应数值模拟

为研究振幅对桥梁主梁断面气动自激力的影响,以薄平板断面为研究对象,采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法进行气动自激力振幅效应研究,首先采用强迫振动数值模拟方法,研究了不同振幅下薄平板断面颤振导数与气动力迟滞相位,分析了薄平板断面气动力的频谱特性;然后采用自由振动数值模拟方法,研究了薄平板断面的颤振响应演变规律.薄平板断面强迫振动数值模拟结果表明:扭转振幅对薄平板断面颤振导数影响较大,在高折算风速下,颤振导数A*2随着振幅的增大由负转正,竖向振幅对薄平板断面颤振导数影响相对较小;扭转振幅的增大引起薄平板断面气动力迟滞相位正弦值发生了较大变化;当扭转振幅大于8°时,薄平板断面气动力存在较为明显的高次谐波分量,主要为三阶与五阶分量,竖向振幅引起的薄平板断面气动力高阶分量不明显.薄平板断面自由振动数值模拟结果表明:薄平板断面在颤振发散过程中,其瞬时频率、瞬时阻尼比与竖向扭转位移相位差均随振幅变化.     

平板颤振临界风速的参数灵敏度分析

建立了用于计算对称和非对称平板颤振临界风速的数学模型；详细分析了平板阻尼、宽度、质量、质量惯矩、竖弯频率、扭转频率、颤振导数、偏心质量和偏心距等参数对颤振临界风速的影响；提出并论证了平板颤振临界风速益损系数的诺模图理论，绘制了与各参数相关的诺模图．分析结果表明，借助新提出的益损系数概念，可以方便地进行颤振临界风速参数灵敏度分析，获得诸多定性和定量规律。     

内倾式双主缆悬索桥动力特性及颤振性能研究

通过减小主跨为1 708m悬索桥的主缆间距,分析了内倾式双主缆体系的动力特性和颤振性能.动力特性计算发现:减小主缆间距,能在维持竖弯基频的基础上有效提高扭转基频;附加的侧弯-扭转耦合振型在两个自由度上的等效质量均较小,且频率介于竖弯、扭转基频之间.为说明该振型的侧弯-扭转强耦合效应对颤振稳定性的影响,分别基于二维两自由度和三维全自由度状态空间方法对比分析了颤振性能.二维结果显示,小主缆间距时侧弯-扭转耦合振型较常规纯扭振型对颤振更不利;三维分析显示,主缆间距较小时,上述耦合振型参与程度较高,反之,纯扭振型参与较多,同时第二阶竖弯振型作用明显.结果表明:内倾式双主缆体系悬索桥的颤振稳定性受多振型影响,传统二维两自由度分析结果可能不安全,有必要进行三维全自由度颤振分析.     

流线型桥梁断面颤振稳定性数值模拟

对于流线型桥梁断面颤振稳定性,采用动网格实现结构分状态强迫振动法,提取稳定的气动力,按照最小二乘法求得不同折减风速的颤振导数。研究了理想薄平板的8个颤振导数,并将数值计算结果与Theodorsen理论解进行对比,发现采用该方法识别颤振导数与理论解吻合得很好。采用该方法计算了3种不同流线型桥梁断面的颤振导数,并计算了颤振临界风速。结果表明:增大主梁的宽高比,可以提高主梁的颤振稳定性;宽高比相同时,主梁底板采用折线形状要比圆弧线颤振稳定性好。     

中央扣对大跨悬索桥颤振稳定性的影响

为研究中央扣对大跨度悬索桥颤振稳定性的影响,以矮寨大桥为工程背景,基于大桥精细化空间桁架梁有限元模型,根据主梁整体刚度等效原则,采用悬臂梁位移法建立了大桥等效单主梁有限元模型;考虑了跨中短吊杆(无中央扣)、一对柔性中央扣、三对柔性中央扣和刚性中央扣4种不同结构形式,计算分析了中央扣对大跨度悬索桥自振特性的影响;基于试验获得的颤振导数,采用脉冲响应函数结合Roger有理函数并利用非线性最小二乘拟合方法拟合其系数从而得到主梁断面自激力的时域表达式,随后利用ANSYS二次开发,实现了大桥颤振稳定性时域分析,研究了中央扣对颤振临界风速、颤振频率及全桥三维颤振姿态的影响规律.结果表明:不论柔性还是刚性中央扣都能够显著提高主梁纵飘振型的振动频率,其对反对称侧弯和反对称扭转频率的影响比正对称大;刚性中央扣能够大幅提高反对称扭转振型的频率.由于矮寨大桥是以一阶正对称竖弯、二阶正对称竖弯和一阶正对称扭转相互耦合的振型发生弯扭耦合颤振,因此,中央扣对颤振临界风速的影响极小,但对颤振频率与主梁三维颤振姿态有一定影响,并一定程度上有利于颤振稳定性.此外还发现当结构阻尼很低时,由于颤振频率落于固有频率分布十分密集的区域,主梁颤振状态有复杂拍振现象(间歇性颤振现象)的出现.     

弯扭耦合颤振过程中的能量转换机理

采用激励-反馈机制建立了耦合颤振的能量分析方法并给出了颤振稳定的能量判据.结合平板的风洞试验研究了颤振临界风速下结构-气流系统内部的能量变化规律.分析结果表明,联合气动导数A1*H3*(A1*为竖向运动的速度对扭矩的贡献,H3*为扭转运动的位移对升力的贡献)建立了能量从竖向自由度向扭转自由度的传递途径,使气流能量在扭转...     

基于Fluent软件采用分离状态法识别薄平板颤振导数

通过在Fluent软件所提供的宏中嵌入纽曼克方程,对网格进行驱动,来实现流固耦合。采用自由振动法中的分离状态法识别颤振导数,识别颤振导数所需模态参数,根据IDT时域法编制MATLAB程序进行识别。以薄平板为研究对象,采用分离状态法对薄平板的颤振导数进行识别,并将分离状态法识别的颤振导数与强迫振动识别的颤振导数和理想平板的Theodorson颤振导数理论解进行对比。经比较表明,分离状态法和强迫振动法识别颤振导数、理想平板颤振导数理论解的差别性较小,从而验证了分离状态法识别颤振导数的准确性和可行性。     

吊桥颤振分析的样条模型

本文建立了与气动实验相应的全桥样条模型，以分析吊桥颤振。根据片条假定以及所取用的力学模型，导出颤振微分方程和关于颤振导数的空气动力矩阵（气动阻尼阵和气动弹性阵）。在样条有限元条法分析吊桥固有振动的基础上，进一步计算吊桥的颤振频率和临界风速。以旧Ｔａｃｏｍａ桥为例，计算结果与现场实测值相一致。     

桥梁断面颤振导数识别的协方差块Hankel矩阵法

采用基于协方差块Hankel矩阵（covariance block Hankel matrix，CBHM）方法来处理节段模型风洞试验的二自由度振动衰减信号，通过系统识别来提取桥梁断面的颤振导数．为验证该方法的可行性，进行了实际桥梁断面的节段模型试验，并将识别的颤振导数与Theodorson理想平板解析解、特征系统实现法（eigensystem realization algorithm，ERA）结果进行了比较，颤振导数的一致性证明了本文方法的有效性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-