采用电容耦合的能量回收电路

为了提高能量回收电路的效率,提出了能量回收电容耦合逻辑电路。该电路的非绝热损失与门的复杂度和负载均无关,其大小只决定于电路中逻辑门的数目。利用电容耦合,而不是开关逻辑网络进行逻辑求值,相对减小了导通电阻和绝热损失。该电路在电路形式上降低了功耗,在结构设计中,采取阈值逻辑结构,使功耗和性能优化。基于TSMC0.35μm工艺,设计了4位加法器,并和4位的2N-2N2P加法器、静态CMOS加法器进行比较。Hspice仿真表明:该电路电路功耗只有2N-2N2P的46%,静态CMOS的20%~31%。该电路与传统的CMOS电路比较,能耗大大降低。     

采用自举技术的不完全绝热电路

为了大规模集成电路的低能耗应用,提出了一种不完全绝热电路——自举能量回收逻辑电路(bootstrapenergyrecoverylogic,BERL)。该电路采用二相无交叠功率时钟。由于采用自举技术,使负载的冲放电过程不会产生非绝热损失,并且输出开关的导通电阻变小,使绝热损失降低。为了比较BERL电路与静态CMOS电路及PAL-2n绝热电路的能耗,设计了反相器链电路。Hspice软件仿真结果表明,BERL电路的工作频率可以超过400MHz。在10～100MHz下,BERL能耗只有静态CMOS电路的25%～33%。相对于PAL-2n电路,BERL也有较低的能耗。在200MHz下,BERL能耗只有PAL-2n的50%。负载越重,BERL电路的低能耗优势越明显。     

NMOS管交叉耦合的能量回收电路设计

对NMOS(N-metal oxide semiconductor)管交叉耦合逻辑(NMOS-transistor cross coupling logic,NCCL)的能量回收电路进行了研究,PMOS(P-metal oxide semiconductor)管作为输入管来降低纳米CMOS工艺中栅氧化层上的漏电流以减小功耗;在此基础上实现了绝热JK触发器电路.在90nm CMOS BSIM3工艺模型下,用HSPICE对NCCL反相器及其JK触发器进行了模拟分析,结果表明NCCL反相器的工作频率可达到1GHz;与ECRL(efficient charge recovery logic)反相器相比,当负载电容、时钟频率和电源电压中某一参数变化时,NCCL的功耗都出现不同程度的降低;在相同的工作条件下NCCL JK触发器的功耗约为ECRL的50%.     

基于白光LED的可见光通信接收机专用集成电路设计

可见光通信接收机集成电路采用UMC 180 μm标准CMOS工艺设计,与传统光纤通信接收机不同,发射端基于白光LED.接收机电路使用有源电感、后均衡和负米勒电容技术以提升带宽,采用直流偏移消除反馈网络稳定电路直流电平.仿真结果表明,电路-3 dB带宽大约为436.5 MHz,输出稳定增益50 dB,功耗为7.06mW.对比传统分立元件搭建的电路系统,集成光接收机不仅功耗和便携性上有优势,带宽提升也有潜力.     

红外探测器的读出电路设计

为减少电路功耗和噪声,基于0.35μm n-well CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)工艺,设计了320×240焦平面探测阵列的读出电路。该电路给出了一种新型单级电容跨导放大器,采样保持电路为相关双采样电路。电容跨导放大器采用稳定的偏置电路。该电路每帧图像的输出时间为10 ms,输出图像为100帧/s。     

基于变压器耦合的互补型LC压控振荡器

设计了一个基于变压器(transformer)耦合的互补型全集成CMOS LC压控振荡器(VCO).与传统结构相比,利用变压器耦合形成正反馈环路,增大输出振幅,使得电路更加易于起振;同时,采用电流复用技术,有效降低功耗.VCO采用65nm CMOS工艺设计,利用开关电容阵列(SCA,switched capacitor array)进行频率调谐,调谐范围18%(3.0~3.6GHz),相位噪声-118dBc/Hz@1MHz频率偏移,品质因数FoM(figure-of-merit)188dBc/Hz,直流功耗0.96mW.     

低功耗直接衬底耦合QVCO的分析与设计

设计了一款基于TSMC 0.13μm CMOS工艺实现的低功耗低相位噪声、直接衬底耦合形式的正交压控振荡器(QVCO).该QVCO采用电容抽头技术、丙类操作状态和衬底耦合技术,降低电路的功耗和面积.最终版图后仿真结果表明:该QVCO在仅消耗2 m W的情况下,在载频6 GHz处,相位噪声达到-119.11d Bc/Hz@1MHz.     

14位低功耗逐次逼近型模数转换器设计

为了克服传统逐次逼近型模数转换器(SAR ADC)精度低和能量效率低的问题,通过采用新型开关切换策略来提高SAR ADC的能量效率,采用冗余电容阵列和数字纠错技术来提高SAR ADC的精度。电路采用SMIC110nm CMOS工艺实现,并结合Cadence模拟开发套件进行后仿验证。结果表明,在工作电压为1.2 V,采样速率为1 MS/s时,输入0.301 MHz的正弦波,SAR ADC的有效位数(ENOB)达到了13.25 bits,信号噪声失真比(SNDR)为81.55 dB,功耗为181μW;所设计的SAR ADC电路的精度和功耗得到了有效改善。     

一种低功耗恒跨导CMOS运算放大器的设计

文章分析了传统的轨到轨运算放大器输入级电路,设计了一种低功耗、恒跨导CMOS运算放大器。整个电路基于0.5μm标准N阱CMOS工艺进行设计,采用HSPICE工具仿真,在3 V单电源工作电压情况下,功耗约为0.15 mW,当电路驱动3 pF电容的负载时,电路的直流增益达到78 dB,单位增益带宽达到3 MHz,相位裕度为81°,达到了设计的低功耗、恒跨导的要求。     

应用于全数字锁相环的3.44～5.25GHz,FOM值为182dBc/Hz的低功耗数控振荡器设计

设计了一个应用于全数字锁相环的宽带电感电容数控振荡器(DCO).通过设计粗调谐电容阵列、中等调谐电容阵列和精细调谐电容阵列,实现了宽的调谐范围.采用NMOS和PMOS互补型交叉耦合电路,实现了低功耗、高优值(FOM)的振荡器.设计采用TSMC 0.13μm CMOS工艺,电源电压为1.2V.测试结果表明,DCO的调谐范围达到3.44～5.25GHz,调谐百分比为41.7%.在4.06GHz频率处,振荡器电路在1MHz频偏处的相位噪声为-117.6 dBc/Hz.在调谐范围内,设计的DCO电路在1 MHz频偏处的FOM值为182～185.5dBc/Hz.功耗为1.44～3.6mW.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.