HERG1 K+ channels on the leukemic cells mediated angiogenesis in vitro

Human ether-a-go-go-related gene （HERG1） K^＋ channels are overexpressed in leukemia, which contributes to neoangiogene- sis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of HERG1 K^＋ channels on leukemia angiogenesis. We cultured human umbili- cal vein endothelial cells （HUVECs） in conditioned media, which were derived from leukemic cells with or without E-4031, a HERG1 K^＋ channel special inhibitor. The HUVECs proliferation was mea- sured using CCK-8 assay and migration by a Trans-well. Endothelial tube formation was investigated using Matrigel. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） levels were tested by ELISA and VEGF mRNA expression using RT-PCR. Our results revealed that blocking HERG1 K^＋ channels could inhibit leukemia-induced HUVECs pro- liferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. The results sug- gested that HERG1 K~ channels could increase leukemia angio- genesis. Furthermore, blockage of HERG1 K^＋ channels could also decrease leukemic cells secreting VEGF and expressing VEGF mRNA. HERG1 K^＋ channels have a promoting effect on leukemia angiogenesis, and the possible mechanism may be that HERG1 K^＋ channels enhance VEGF expression. Thus, HERG1 K4 channel is a potential target of antiangiogenesis in leukemia.     

Knockdown of <Emphasis Type="Italic">MRP4</Emphasis> by lentivirus-mediated siRNA improves sensitivity to adriamycin in adriamycin-resistant acute myeloid leukemia cells

Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for acute myeloid leukemia;however,the emergence of drug resistance is a major hurdle in the successful treatment of leukemia.The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4(MRP4)induces re- sistance in the adriamycin-resistant acute myeloid leukemia cell line,K562/ADR.The aim of this study was to investigate whether knockdown of MRP4 by lentivirus-mediated siRNA could improve the sensitivity of K562/ADR cells to adriamycin.Five lenti- virus-mediated short hairpin RNAs(lv-shRNAs-MRP4)were designed to trigger the gene silencing RNA interference(RNAi) pathway.The efficiency of lentivirus-mediated siRNA infection into K562/ADR cells was determined using fluorescence mi- croscopy to observe lentivirus-mediated GFP expression.MRP4 expression in infected K562/ADR cells was evaluated by real- time PCR and Western blot analysis.The MTS assay was used to measure cell viability and flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis.The transfection efficiency of K562/ADR cells was over 80 percent.The gene silencing efficacy of lv-shRNA1-MRP4 was superior to the other constructs.Infection of K562/ADR cells with lv-shRNA1-MRP4 led to strong inhibition of MRP4 mRNA and protein expression.Combined treatment with lv-shRNA1-MRP4 and adriamycin decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis compared to treatment with lv-shRNA1-MRP4 or adriamycin alone.These data indicate that in K562/ADR cells MRP4 is involved in drug resistance mechanisms and that lentivirus-mediated knockdown of MRP4 may enhance sensitivity to adriamycin.     

Apoptosis induced by （DIPP-L-Leu）2-L-Lys-OCH3 in K562 cells

Apoptosis as a mechanism of deleting cells from tissues plays an important role in physiological and varieties of pathological situations, especially cancer conditions. In order to search for tumor cells apoptosis inducers, the inhibition effects on K562 cells of N-phosphoryl dipeptide methyl esters were studied by MTT assays, and (DIPP-L-Leu)2-L-Lys-OCH3 was the compound which had the best activity. From the studies of the typical apoptotic morphologic changes, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry analysis, it could be concluded that (DIPP-L-Leu)2-L-Lys-OCH3 could induce apoptosis of K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 was 22.66 μmol/L according to MTT assays.     

Effects of hyaluronic acid－chitosan－gelatin complex on the apoptosis and cell cycle of L929 cells

With the development in the field of tissue engineering, the interaction between biomaterials and cells has been deeply studied. Viewing the cells seeded on the surface of materials as an organic whole, cell cycle and apoptosis are analyzed to deepen the study of cell compatibility on biomaterials, while cell proliferation and differentiation are studied at the same time. In this paper, hyaluronic acid is incorporated into the chitosan-gelatin system. Propidium iodide (PI) was used in cell cycle analysis and the double-staining of cells with annexin-V and PI was applied in cell apoptosis analysis. The results show that incorporated hyaluronic acid shortens the adaptation period of cells on the material surface, and then cells enter the normal cell cycle quickly. In addition, added hyaluronic acid inhibits cell apoptosis triggered by the membranes. Therefore, hyaluronic acid improves the cell compatibility of chitosan-gelatin system and benefits the design of biomimetic materials.     

Effect of Thrombin on the Apoptosis of Hippocampal Neurons in vitro

Hippocampal neurons were treated by thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptides (TRAP). Cell survival rate was decreased in a dose-dependent manner by MTT assay. The numbers of apoptotic cell and apoptotic rate of hippocampal neurons treated by different concentrations of thrombin were increased in a dose-dependent manner by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method and Flow Cytometry. When the concentration of thrombin is 40 U/mL, TUNEL positive cells and apoptotic rate of hippocampal neurons reached peak value, were 27. 3 4.0 and (29.333 4.633 ) %, respectively. Immunocytochemistry assay show that Bcl-2 protein expression was down- regulated and Bax protein expression was up-regulated with the concentration of thrombin increased. TRAP can mimic the effect of thrombin to induce apoptosis on hippocampal neurons. These data demonstrated that thrombin induced hippocampal neuron apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner through activating protease-activated protein-1 (PAR-1). The change in expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was related with the effect of high concentration thrombin induced apoptosis on hippocampal neurons.     

Sojucktang induces apoptosis via loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 activation in KLE human endometrial cancer cells

Sojucktang （SJT） has long been used for the treatment of endometrial diseases in Korea. However, the mechanisms responsible for the SJT-induced apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells remain unclear. In the present study, SJT was demonstrated to show cytotoxic effect and induce apoptotic cell death via mitochondrial regulation in KLE endometrial cancer cells. Linderae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Zedoariae Rhizoma, Trogopterorum Faeces and Agelicae Gigantis Radix were found to be the potent constituent herbs of SJT to significantly decrease the viability of KLE cells by a tetra zolium salt （XTT） assay. Apoptotic bodies were observed in SJT-treated KLE cells by 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI） and TdT-mediated-dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay. SJT also increased sub-G1 DNA contents of the cell cycle undergoing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it was observed that SJT activated caspase-3 and cleaved poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP）, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, this study shows that SJT exerts anti-tumor activity against KLE endometrial cancer cells via mitochondrial dependent apoptosis induction.     

Role of VEGF in the growth and metastasis of a murine bladder carcinoma

Bladder transitional cell carcinoma is the most common form of carcinoma in the urinary system. Although overexpression of VEGF has been identified in tissue, serum,and urine of patients with bladder cancer, the role of VEGF in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we dissected the effect of VEGF during bladder tumor growth and progression by modifying a BBN (N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine) induced mouse bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line BTT-T739 by stable transfection of antisense VEGF121 cDNA. The transfection resulted in-more than 80% reduction in VEGF production. The growth of the transduced tumor cells in vitro was not affected, however, these cells formed small or no tumors in vivo. Even in the tumors formed, there were minimal vascularization, extensive necrosis and longer latency compared to those formed by parental cells. The permeability of tumor vasrulatuce and metastatic tumor growth were also significantly suppressed in antisense VEGF cDNA transfected cells. In addition, the transfer of anti-angiogenic gene in a rumbination of sFlk-I and ExTek with electroporation can suppress the tumor growth efficiently. Taken together,these results demonstrated that VEGF plays an important role in bladder tumor angiogenesis and angiogenesis plays an important role in bladder tumor growth and metastasis.     

Establishment of the model of vascular endothelial cell membrane chromatography and its preliminary application

A model of vascular endothelial cell membrane chromatography was established by using an ECV304 cell membrane stationary phase (ECV304 CMSP) prepared by immobilizing the ECV304 cell membrane onto the surface of silica carrier. The surface and chromatographic characteristics of ECV304 CMSP were studied. The active component from Caulophyllum robustum was screened by using the model of vascular endothelial cell membrane chromatography. The interaction between the active component and membrane receptor was determined by using a replace experiments. The effect of the active component was tested by using tube formation of ECV304 cell. The results indicated that the model of ECV304 cell membrane chromatograph (ECV304 CMC) can stimulate the interaction between drug and receptor in vitro and the retention characteristics of taspine as active component was similar to that of model molecule in the model of ECV304 CMC. And therefore, taspine acted on VEGFR2 and inhibited the tube formation of ECV304 cell induced by VEGF. This model can be used to screen definite active component as a screening model.     

Effects of Genistein on Cell Cycle and Apoptosis of Two Murine Melanoma Cell Lines

The effects of genistein on several tumor cell lines were investigated to study the effects of gen- istein on cell growth, cell cycle, and apoptosis of two murine melanoma cell lines, B16 and K1735M2. These two closely related murine melanoma cell lines, however, have different responses to the genistein treat- ment. Genistein inhibits the growth of both the B16 and K1735M2 cell lines and arrests the growth at the G2/M phase. After treatment with 60 μmol/L genistein for 72 h, apoptosis and caspase activities were de- tected in B16 cells, while such effects were not found in K1735M2. Further tests showed that after genistein treatment the protein content and mRNA levels of p53 increased in B16, but remained the same in K1735M2. The protein content and mRNA levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 increased in both cell lines after treatment. The results show that genistein might induce apoptosis in B16 cells by damaging the DNA, inhibiting topoi- somerase II, increasing p53 expression, releasing cytochrome c from the mitochondria, and activating the caspases which will lead to apoptosis.     

3-MA 对阿霉素诱导 K562、K562 / ADM 细胞凋亡及其相关基因 mRNA 表达的影响

目的：通过自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤（3-MA）对阿霉素（ADM）诱导白血病K562细胞及K562／ADM细胞的细胞效应和自噬基因Beclinl、凋亡抑制基因SurvivinmR．NA表达的变化观察,探讨自噬在细胞凋亡中的作用和机制．方法：体外培养K562和K562／ADM细胞,采用MTT法分别检测ADM及3-MA预处理对K562、K562／ADM细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,实时RT—PCR法检测细胞自噬及凋亡相关基因（Beclinl、Survivin）mRNA表达的变化．结果：ADM可抑制K562与K562／ADM细胞增殖,且抑制作用呈现浓度与时间依赖性．ADM诱导组K562与K562／ADM细胞在24h、48h、72h细胞凋亡率均较空白对照组明显提高（P〈0．05）．在ADM诱导前,经3-MA预处理可使ADM诱导的K562与K562／ADM细胞抑制率和细胞凋亡率均较单用ADM显著提高（尸〈0．05）,Bedin1、SurvivinmRNA相对表达量均较单用ADM明显下降（P〈0．05）,呈正相关（r=0．827,P〈0．01）．结论：ADM可抑制K562、K562／ADM细胞的生长,并诱导细胞凋亡．3-MA通过抑制细胞的自噬可增强ADM诱导白血病细胞K562、K562／ADM的凋亡,其机制可能与下调BeclinlmRNA表达,而使Survivin表达受抑制有关．     

灵芪胶囊含药血清对K562白血病细胞影响

观察灵芪胶囊含药血清在体外对K562白血病细胞增殖的影响.采用血清药理学方法制备灵芪胶囊含药血清,以不同浓度的含药血清处理体外培养的K562白血病细胞,采用MTT比色法观察灵芪胶囊含药血清对K562细胞增殖的影响,采用Wright-Giemsa染色观察肿瘤细胞形态学变化.不同浓度灵芪胶囊含药血清对K562细胞增殖具有抑制作用,并呈剂量依赖关系.当含药血清作用96h后,其抑制作用开始减弱.高剂量LQC含药血清对K562细胞形态学有明显的影响.灵芪胶囊含药血清具有抑制K562白血病细胞增殖作用,其作用强度与时间-浓度呈正相关,其作用机理可能与其直接细胞毒作用有关.     

石蒜碱对人白血病细胞K562凋亡作用的研究

为了研究石蒜碱对人白血病细胞K562的凋亡作用,采用MTT法检测石蒜碱对K562细胞的细胞毒作用,数据表明石蒜碱对K562细胞的IC50为16.000μmol/L.流式细胞仪检测石蒜碱对K562细胞凋亡率的影响,数据表明给药剂量越大,其凋亡率越高,凋亡率与给药剂量呈依赖关系.激光共聚焦扫描显微镜检测石蒜碱对K562细胞膜电位的影响,数据表明随着给药剂量增大,膜电位逐渐降低,且成剂量依赖关系.结果显示石蒜碱能够诱导K562细胞凋亡并使其膜电位降低.     

血管内皮生长因子反义核酸增强HL60和K562细胞对As_2O_3的敏感性

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)反义核酸能否提高HL60和K562细胞对三氧化二砷(As2O3)的敏感性。方法:采用经筛选所得的最优反义核酸(A7),20个碱基经过全硫代修饰;以脂质体介导转染细胞,反义核酸和As2O3联合作用72h以后,用MTT法检测细胞生长情况,求IC50值;用ELISA法检测培养液中VEGF蛋白的浓度,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡百分数。结果:VEGF反义核酸可显著降低HL60、K562细胞对As2O3的IC50值,下调VEGF蛋白的表达,增加As2O3诱导的HL60、K562细胞凋亡作用。结论:VEGF反义核酸具有增强HL60和K562细胞对As2O3的敏感性,增强As2O3诱导的HL60和K562细胞凋亡作用;提示内源性VEGF蛋白具有使细胞产生耐药性的作用。     

c－Myb基因反义寡核苷酸对K562细胞增殖和生长的影响

用体外培养技术研究了ｃ－Ｍｙｂ基因的ｍＲＮＡ反义寡核苷酸对慢粒Ｋ５６２红白细胞系增殖和生长的影响。结果显示：ｃ－Ｍｙｂ基因反义寡核苷酸在２０～１６０μｇ／ｍｌ时，对细胞的增殖与集落的形成有明显的抑制作用，提示：ｃ－Ｍｙｂ基因在控制白血病细胞增殖与生长中起重要作用     

Functions of VEGF in female reproductive system

As a homodimeric glycoprotein,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)is a highly specific mitogen of vascular endothelial cells.It can induce proliferation and migration,and inhibit apoptosis of endothelial cell.VEGF is involved in many processes in the female reproductive system,such as ovulation,periodical changes of endometrium,embryo implantation and development,VEGF plays important roles in some reproductive diseases,including preeclampsia and fetal hypoevolutism in uterus.Based on our studies on angiogenesis and its relevant factors in the female reproductive system these years,the functions of VEGF in female reproductive system are reviewed,and the research prospect and application of VEGF are also discussed.     

血管内皮生长因子与急性白血病骨髓的血管新生

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在急性白血病及其骨髓的新生血管之间的关系,为白血病的治疗寻找新的治疗方法。方法:查阅总结近15年来国内外相关文献,对VEGF的性质作用特点以及与急性白血病的关系进行综述。结果:白血病细胞表达较高的VEGF,VEGF促使血管生成和内皮细胞增生,白血病细胞与骨髓新生血管之间存在密切的关系。结论:抗VEGF和抗新生血管治疗有可能成为治疗急性白血病的新的思路和方法。