生化处理有机物去除率与动力学参数间关系

污水处理已趋于多样化,生化处理是较为常规的处理有机物的方法,但是从动力学理论上探索其本质动力学参数关系却是屈指可数.本文通过模拟污水生化处理系统,推导出有机物去除率同有机物降解速率常数、活性污泥浓度及水力停留时间关系的数学模型.结合湘潭某污水处理厂工艺试验数据,把有机物实际去除率与理论去除率作比较.结果表明:通过此模型能够指导生产.     

油田采油污水处理的溶解氧浓度PID控制稳定参数域综合

油田采油污水采用活性污泥法工艺进行处理,活性污泥法的净化反应是一个耗氧过程,决定其处理效果的关键因素是生化池中的溶解氧浓度(DO值).以污水处理过程中曝气池中溶解氧(DO值)浓度为被控量,研究了污水处理过程PID溶解氧浓度控制器的综合问题,基于图解法给出了PID溶解氧控制器的完整稳定参数域,且该稳定条件是充要的,无保守性,对PID溶解氧控制器参数的选取具有重要指导意义.     

污泥-废水2相湍流与生物反应耦合模型及应用

建立污泥-废水2相湍流与生物反应动力学耦合模型,实现对反应器污水两相3维流场及浓度场的同时模拟.采用活性污泥2号模型(ASM2)描述运输方程中的反应速率项、两相流混合物模型描述活性污泥-废水2相湍流的水力特性,并纳入污泥沉降运动;通过数字粒子图像测速研究紊动条件下污泥沉降特性,对传统污泥沉降模型进行水力湍动影响修正,实测污水处理厂氧化沟流场与组分浓度以验证模型,数值模拟了不同曝气方式下氧化沟污泥-废水2相流场与水质,结果表明:流速是影响污泥沉积和水质浓度分布的主要因素,曝气方式的差异直接影响出水效果,在所研究的污水厂中采用半日间歇曝气方式运行,可提高出水效果,并降低能耗约23.84%.     

活性污泥1号模型模拟糖厂废水处理关键参数测定

采用呼吸计量法测定钦州某糖厂废水的异氧菌产率系数YH、异氧菌衰减系数bH和异氧菌最大比增长速率系数μm.H3个活性污泥1号模型（ASM1）模型参数,并与国际水质协会给出的ASM1模型中20℃时城市生活污水的参数推荐值进行比较。结果显示,YH为0.700,比推荐值（0.67）略高,说明对糖厂废水的处理,较之生活污水处理难度要大 bH为0.56,比推荐值（0.62）略低,说明微生物在处理糖厂废水时自生生长的速度不及处理生活污水的快 μm.H为5.71,比推荐值（6.0）略低,说明微生物在糖厂废水中的生存难度大于城市生活污水。     

活性污泥法脱氮条件的优化研究

采用传统活性污泥法处理模拟生活污水,考察了温度、pH值、C/N比及振荡时间对脱氮效果的影响.实验结果表明,在温度为30℃、pH为7、C/N比是12:1及振荡时间为12h时,污水中氮去除效果最好,脱氮效率可达90％.     

电磁场对固定化活性污泥磁性微球处理污水的影响

设计了带电磁场的污水处理装置,通过测定污水CODcr的去除率考察装置的运行效果,并获得初步的污水处理工艺参数.固定化活性污泥磁性微球在磁场中进行污水处理实验结果表明:当磁场强度为8.50 m T时,处理污水的CODcr去除率可达87.57%;当磁场强度为80.7mT时,处理污水的CODcr去除率可达98.42%.     

银川某污水厂工艺改造模拟研究

利用反应器生态系统的ASM2号数学模型及状态点分析法分析银川一污水处理厂的工艺.ASM2号模型将氧化沟分段模拟,模拟结果与实际水厂运行数据拟合良好;状态点分析法用于分析二沉池的运行工况;通过改变MLSS和活性污泥回流量,从而提高污水处理厂的出水水质;为水厂的改造提供数据支持.     

污水处理过程模型参数校正方法研究及应用

模型参数校正是决定污水处理过程模型应用效果的关键。提出一套基于灵敏度分析的污水处理过程参数校正方法。选用基于活性污泥1号模型的Benchmark仿真平台。首先通过此仿真平台得出各个参数的灵敏度信息,建立参数灵敏度数据集。然后将其用于某污水处理厂所建模型校正工作,校正后的模型出水COD和总氮相对误差均在5%以内。最后利用校正后的模型对曝气进行了优化,节约了处理能耗。方法可用于系统诊断和过程参数优化指导,以得到半定量的诊断信息,作为指导新建污水处理厂或作为已建污水处理厂升级改造的理论依据。     

硝化系统中自养细菌动力学参数的测定及其影响因素

自养细菌增长动力学表达式表明,在较低的起始硝态氮浓度和自养细菌浓度条件下,通过分析硝态氮浓度随时间的变化趋势,可以确定自养细菌最大增长速率.采用间歇式活性污泥法测定了自养细菌最大增长速率,分析了测定过程中的影响因素.试验结果表明,硝化系统内自养细菌最大增长速率在20 ℃时的变化范围为0.32～0.54 d-1,平均值为0.45 d-1.温度、溶解氧、接种污泥浓度、起始氨氮浓度以及污水中的有机物均会对自养细菌最大增长速率的测定产生重要影响.     

硝化系统中自养细菌动力学参数的测定及其影响因素

自养细菌增长动力学表达式表明,在较低的起始硝态氮浓度和自养细菌浓度条件下,通过分析硝态氮浓度随时间的变化趋势,可以确定自养细菌最大增长速率.采用间歇式活性污泥法测定了自养细菌最大增长速率,分析了测定过程中的影响因素.试验结果表明,硝化系统内自养细菌最大增长速率在20 ℃时的变化范围为0.32～0.54 d-1,平均值为0.45 d-1.温度、溶解氧、接种污泥浓度、起始氨氮浓度以及污水中的有机物均会对自养细菌最大增长速率的测定产生重要影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.