北部湾沿海5种红树林群落生物量的遥感估算

采用广西海南两地2004年红树林TM影像和红树林群落样地调查数据,应用多元逐步回归分析方法,选取影像光谱特征及纹理特征等作为自变量,对红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)、木榄(Bruguiera gymnoihiza)、白骨壤(Vicenna mariana)、桐花树(Aegiceras cornicula...     

广西廉州湾红树林群落分布特征及物种多样性分析

为全面了解广西廉州湾红树林群落本底数据,预测其发展方向,本研究以广西廉州湾红树林群落为研究对象,在东江口、木案、针鱼墩、垌尾设置4条典型断面共计36个样方,调查红树林群落的类型、树高、覆盖度、冠幅、基径等,并计算物种重要值、多样性指数等指标,分析种群动态及分布格局。结果表明,广西廉州湾红树林树种以演替前中期树种为主,群落结构简单;物种重要值的排序为桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）>秋茄（Kandelia obovata）>白骨壤（Avicennia marina）>老鼠簕（Acanthus ilicifolius）,大多种群主要呈集群分布;更新层以桐花树和秋茄幼苗为主,与该地现有成年红树植物物种重要值排序一致。广西廉州湾红树林群落是由陆向海逐渐发育的,未来该地红树林群落物种组成发生变化的可能性不大。如果人为干扰得以控制,红树林面积有望继续增加。     

基于GF1卫星的红树林病虫害遥感识别

定量化红树林病虫害监测评估可为红树林保护修复提供科学依据。以广西北仑河口红树林保护区的红树林为研究对象,利用高分一号(GF1)卫星数据建立模型识别受虫害红树林,结果表明:GF1数据的红光和近红外波段是判识红树林健康与否的优选波段;差值植被指数(difference vegetation index,DVI)是区分健康和虫害红树林的优选植被指数,通过训练样本可划定不同群落虫害红树林DVI阈值区间;利用归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)和绿光波段可有效去除水体和裸露滩涂等背景干扰信息,综合DVI、NDVI和绿光波段,构建虫害红树林识别决策树模型,模型识别精度良好。木榄-白骨壤、秋茄-白骨壤、木榄-桐花树、木榄-白骨壤+桐花树群落的综合指标F(F-measure)大于0.89,且准确率A(accuracy)、精确率P(precision)、召回率R(recall)大于0.85,但白骨壤分类精度较低,综合指标仅0.76。     

深圳湾福田红树林砍伐后萌生更新的初步研究

采用固定样地定位调查的方法,研究深圳湾福田3种红树植物桐花树A egiceras corniculatum、秋茄Kandelia candel、白骨壤Avicennia marina伐后萌枝更新对伐迹地早期群落恢复的影响。结果表明:伐后4年时,3种红树植物平均萌生枝数由多到少的顺序为:桐花树(12.4)>白骨壤(5.4)>秋茄(4.4);桐花树的萌生率最大(72.73%),其次为秋茄(67.42%),白骨壤最小(20.77%)。滩涂潮位可能影响红树植物的萌生率,不同潮位滩涂上的红树植物萌生率为:内滩>中滩>外滩。红树植物萌生植株较人工种植植株的存活率高,且生长速度较快,表明萌枝更新对砍伐后早期红树林群落的恢复有重要意义。此外,红树植物种类自身的生理生态差异可能是影响萌生的重要因素之一。     

广西沙生红树植物-土壤相互作用及群落演替的研究

1992年于广西北海大冠抄测定了开阔海岸沙生白骨壤群落土壤的机械组成、有机碳和腐殖质的含量,及红树群落的结构和生物量等。由向陆林带到向海林带,土壤的粉粒粘粒含量和有机质含量随着群落树高和生物量的下降而降低,植物在相当程度上决定了土壤的特征。木榄、红海榄只偶见于向陆林带,桐花树和秋茄可生长到中间林带。这种分带现象部分地取决于土壤的质地和有机质含量。在土壤的垂直剖面上,植物跟土壤间也存在与上述相似的关系。这些表明,先锋红树植物白骨壤与土壤的共同进化为后来种创造了适宜的生境。在此基础上,提出了广西沙生红树林演替的模式。     

汞和盐度对三种红树种苗生长影响初探

用含汞海水处理桐花树、白骨壤和秋茄的种苗,10.0ppm汞对白骨壤种苗的萌芽时间没有延缓作用,但却影响了桐花树和秋茄的萌芽时间,1.0ppm汞对三种红树种苗的生长没有表现出毒害作用在含汞的盐度为8.75‰和17.5‰的稀释海水培养下,秋茄种苗的生长在二者之间差异不显著,但盐度为17.5‰海水延缓了白骨壤种苗的萌芽时间,抑制了桐花树的萌芽,培养100 d的白骨壤,苗高和重量在两种盐度的稀释海水之间的差异不显著,但桐花树的却差异显著,这表明秋茄和白骨苗种对壤盐度的适应范围较桐花树为宽.     

广西红树林上大型固着污损动物的种类组成及分布

野外定性调查结果表明,广西沿海红树林区有11种红树林上固着动物,它们分属3门4纲6属,其中藤壶、牡蛎和黑荞麦蛤为主要危害种类。开阔海岸红树林较封闭港湾红树林更易遭受固着动物危害。固着动物对红树植物的附着具有选择性,附着机率是桐花树 > 秋茄 > 红海榄 > 白骨壤。就红树群落而言,固着动物的种类由海缘到陆缘,由树的低层处到高层处而减少。最后,讨论了固着动物和一些生态因子的关系。     

广西红树群落的数量分类

本文应用系统聚类分析方法,对广西红树群落进行了中级分类单位的划分。根据《中国植被》确定的分类原则、单位和系统,广西的红树群落可划分为6个群系:(1)白骨壤群系;(2)秋茄群系;(3)海漆群系;(4)木榄群系;(5)桐花树群系;(6)红海榄群系。同时,对这些群系特征作了简要的描述。     

深圳福田与香港米埔红树林群落分布与景观格局比较

改革开放前,地处深圳湾两岸的福田保护区和米埔保护区的红树林湿地在景观和物种组成等方面相似,但近30年来深圳城市化高速发展所带来福田红树林湿地的景观破碎化过程,导致两岸红树林群落特征产生了较为明显差异。以World View-2高分辨率影像为数据源,采用导数光谱法结合基于面向对象的支持向量机的分类方法对深圳湾湿地的红树林群落进行分类,总体精度达到0.902,Kappa系数为0.859,符合要求。进一步运用景观指数对其进行定量对比分析。结果表明:(1)米埔保护区红树林现存面积为346 hm~2,福田保护区红树林现存面积仅为89 hm~2;秋茄群落是深圳湾两岸湿地的最主要优势景观类型,白骨壤群落和桐花树群落是优势群落;(2)福田保护区红树林的景观破碎化程度比米埔保护区高,尤其是本地种秋茄群落和白骨壤群落的破碎化程度较高;(3)福田保护区景观斑块形状多呈正方形分布的状态,在一定程度上反映了人类活动的作用,而处于米埔保护区的天然红树林则呈现不规则的分布状态。     

红树林林分空间结构健康指数的测度与应用

为了进行红树林林分结构与功能健康的量化研究,应用混交度、大小比数、角尺度和竞争指数等空间结构指标,构建了红树林林分空间结构健康指数;同时运用该指数分析了湛江港特呈岛白骨壤林分空间结构健康状况。结果表明:全林地白骨壤空间结构健康指数为0.53,为亚健康等级;外带的白骨壤纯林空间结构健康指数为0.40,为亚健康等级,但接近不健康或濒临崩溃;中带的白骨壤和红海榄混交林空间结构健康指数为0.50,为亚健康等级,但接近中等健康水平;内带的白骨壤、红海榄和木榄混交林的空间结构健康指数为0.59,处于中等健康水平。因此,特呈岛全林地白骨壤空间结构健康状况较差,混交林空间结构健康比纯林好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.