辽南滨海地区黄土磁化率特征及其古气候分析

通过对辽南滨海地区第四纪黄土沉积物的磁化率测量和分析,发现该区马兰黄土的磁化率值不高,反映了该区晚更新世受末次冰期影响,气候条件干冷,黄土粉尘沉积速率快,成壤作用微弱;时间更早的离石黄土磁化率值偏高,反映其成土环境较为温暖潮湿,黄土粉尘堆积速率慢,成壤作用好。磁化率曲线的波动变化反映了古气候发生多次旋回变化;黄土-古土壤序列很好的指示了干冷、暖湿气候的交替,也对应了冬季风、夏季风的交替变化。根据磁化率值对古气温和古降水量的回归计算得到古气温应介于5.85℃～13.0℃（＋1.5℃）,古降水量介于403.22mm～735mm,其标准都低于当今水平。反演辽南滨海地区中、晚更新世时期的黄土沉积环境是比较干冷的,并且经历了多次的小规模的干冷、暖湿交替变化。     

对黄土磁化率、粒度年龄模型的检验

以甘肃临夏塬堡黄土剖面的土壤地层界线MIS1/2、MIS3/4的年龄作为节点控制年龄依据.MIS1/2,MIS3/4年龄的获取据目前国际上最新的研究成果南京葫芦洞石笋所测气候事件年龄,即MIS1/2为11.5ka B.P.,MIS3/4为59.8ka B.P.,将这两种气候事件年龄组成3种节点年龄控制模式,即模式1:0—59.8ka B.P.;模式2:0—11.5ka B.P.和11.5—59.8ka B.P.;模式3:11.5—59.8ka B.P.分别作为节点控制年龄,运用磁化率年龄模型和粒度年龄模型计算研究剖面各个层位的地层沉积时间,并将计算的相同层位年龄进行比较,同时将AMS14C,OSL测年,YD,H事件年龄与利用3种模式作为节点控制年龄计算的相应层位的年龄进行比较,结合剖面岩性和气候阶段分析研究后发现,磁化率年龄模型和粒度年龄模型均存在不足,但在冰期或间冰期内,选用较准确的控制年龄作为节点,用磁化率或粒度年龄模型高分辨率确定的地层沉积时间均较接近地层沉积的实际年龄,但就两种年龄模型的相对精度和准确性而言,磁化率年龄模型更准确一些.     

大连七顶山黄土地球元素化学特征

七顶山黄土地球化学元素测试结果显示：与西北黄土、中国东部各地黄土的化学组分含量相差不大,表明各地黄土在物源上具有一致性,只是沉积后期的环境对地球化学元素含量产生影响,因此各地黄土地球化学元素含量存在差异。本文通过硅铝率、硅铝铁率、风化淋溶系数、氧化系数、镁铝比值和退碱系数对比分析,指示本区气候经历干冷一温湿和淋溶强弱多次旋回波动,同时伴随成壤程度、氧化还原和风化作用强弱多次波动旋回。七顶山黄土地层中的CaCO3含量与各地黄土剖面对比也很低,但符合自西北向东南,随降水量的增多,黄土层的CaCO3含量逐渐减少的规律。说明七项山黄土沉积时气候比同属于中国东部滨海黄土的各地黄土形成时的气候要干冷。相应研究成果可以为大连地区旅游提供基础参考资料。     

黄土磁化率对千年-百年尺度气候事件的记录及其古气候意义

中国黄土高原的黄土-古土壤风尘堆积序列具有粒度细、沉积速率高和连续性好等特征,是古气候学研究的重要组成部分。黄土沉积物在轨道尺度上与全球气候关系密切,可以记录千年-百年尺度的快速气候事件。中国黄土古气候学取得的核心成果之一,就是磁化率可以作为东亚夏季风替代性指标,然而,磁化率在古气候研究中存在多解性,导致其在高分辨率研究中应用较少。文中选择黄土高原的赵家川和巴谢剖面磁化率数据,通过与格陵兰冰心和中国石笋等高分辨率古气候记录进行对比,发现赵家川剖面磁化率记录了4次Heinrich事件,巴谢剖面磁化率记录了全新世以来新仙女木、9.2 ka和4.2 ka 3次气候快速恶化事件。通过对比分析巴谢剖面磁化率记录的3次快速气候事件及其可能的驱动因素,认为太阳辐射减弱可能是主要因素。     

成都平原4 ka以来地层磁化率特征及气候变化意义

对成都金沙遗址IT6814探坑约4 m厚地层的5 cm间距磁化率分析,建立了成都平原4 ka以来的质量磁化率曲线和频率磁化率曲线.根据质量磁化率和频率磁化率特征结合粒度中值曲线对比,探讨了金沙遗址4 000 a来的气候环境变化,划分出成都平原的三个气候阶段:4 000～3 380 aBP,气候偏湿;3 380～1 700 aBP,气候条件相对湿热;1 700 aBP～20世纪90年代初,气候逐渐偏干冷.     

东亚夏季风变迁的灵敏的指标:黄土碳酸盐的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值

对130ka以来陕西洛川黑木沟剖面的黄土和古土壤碳酸盐中银同位素进行的系统测定显示．在末次间冰期期间87Sr／86Sr平均值为0．71136,末次冰期期间87Sr／86Sr平均值为0．71079．古土壤碳酸盐的87Sr／86Sr比值明显高于黄土碳酸盐的87Sr／86Sr比值．导致这种差别的主要原因是化学风化强度的变化．研究表明,黄土和古土壤碳酸盐87Sr／86Sr比值的变化是现出一个由本次间冰期到未次冰期的约10万年的周期,在这个周期变化的总趋势之上又覆盖了一种波动周期约在2．5ka～2．7ka的高频波动变化．它与小冰期年龄（LittleIceAge）大致吻合．黄土碳酸盐87Sr／86Sr比值的这种高振幅和周期的变化．表明它可能是一种反映东亚夏季风变化的高灵敏度的替代指标．     

塬堡黄土剖面记录的末次冰期气候不稳定性

选用西部黄土高原高分辨率的临夏塬堡黄土剖面,将剖面平均粒径和〉40μm粒级含量气候代用指标作为气候要素,运用统计分析应用中移动平均的方法提取剖面记录的突发事件,发现末次冰期黄土不仅记录了能与高纬北大西洋和格陵兰地区遥相呼应的突发事件,且还记录了除Heinrich和YD事件以外的突发事件达15次之多．表明气候突变是黄土高原末次冰期气候变化的主旋律,抑或还说明普遍被国内外学者认同的气候突变机制北大西洋热量传输、大气环流理论和低纬海洋与大气作用理论有待商榷,从末次冰期东亚冬季风气候演变特征及与外围区域气候的联系入手或许能有所突破．同时,通过对Heinrich和YD事件特征的详细研究,尝试性地定义了黄土记录的突发事件：即若平均粒径存在一个高粒度、高碳酸盐、高亮度值,而低磁化率、低红度值和黄度值的事件,且该事件在平均粒径和〉40μm的粒级含量曲线上,相邻峰谷间的变化幅度大干3．4μm,且〉40μm的粒级含量大干2．0μm,而其变化时间小于500a,就可视为一个突发事件．     

洞庭盆地末次冰期中晚期以来黑褐色土壤剖面野火记录及气候关联

洞庭盆地澧阳玉成黑褐色土壤剖面记录了末次冰期中晚期以来火生态的演变过程.通过野外采样和分析测试,参照可靠AMS-14C测年和考古数据断代,利用沉积物中高分辨率炭屑和黑碳数据,探讨该区域末次冰期中晚期以来的野火发生和快速气候变化以及植被演替的相互作用.结果表明:该研究区域氧同位素MIS3(Marine Isotope Stage,56.0~23.0 ka BP)期间,气候冷干向暖干转变,野火发生十分有限;氧同位素MIS2(23.0~10.6 ka BP)阶段,气候冷湿,C_3木本植被明显增加.然而,随着百年-千年尺度气候冷事件发生,冬季风加强和可燃物干燥程度的增加,促使区域和本地野火普遍发生;氧同位素MIS1(10.6~7.0 ka BP)阶段,随着气温和降水的增加,植被由温带落叶阔叶混交林(C_3木本)所取代,致使区域野火明显下降.洞庭盆地野火发生与末次冰期快速突变气候事件(Heinrich and Younger Drays events)密切关联表明千年尺度野火机制模式受到北半球太阳辐射所控制的东亚夏季风强弱和全球冰量变化以及植被演替的共同影响.     

基于粒度建立1.2 Ma长武黄土剖面高分辨率时间标尺

中国黄土-古土壤堆积作为研究全球古气候古环境变化的三大支柱之一,清晰地记录了第四纪时期气候的干冷与暖湿变化.若对其所蕴含的全球变化信息进行更精确地研究,需要高分辨的时间标尺作为研究基础.本文以长武黄土-古土壤剖面为研究对象,通过将黄土-古土壤磁化率变化曲线与深海氧同位素变化曲线对比获得年龄控制点,以其32μm颗粒含量作为变量,利用粒度内插方法建立黄土时间标尺.并利用两种方法加以验证,获得了一条可靠的高分辨率的黄土-古土壤时间序列.     

临汾盆地13万年以来古气候变化研究

本文运用气候代替指标粒度对临汾盆地滨河东剖面S1以来的古气候进行了重建,在末次间冰期-冰期气候旋回中,临汾盆地的古气候经历了暖湿—冷干—暖湿的变化过程.结果发现临汾盆地滨河东剖面黄土-古土壤序列沉积物既有与大区气候变化的一致性,也有本地变化的特点.     

Quaternary glacier development and the relationship between the climate change and tectonic uplift in the Helan Mountain

Isolated NE-SW stretching the Helan Mountain massif, separating the temperate grassland of the Ordos plateau from the Tenggeli Desert, is a key position of studying the glacier development in west China as well as the coupling conditions of climate change with tectonic uplift. The glacial landforms and deposits including cirques, peaks, knife-edge ridges, lateral moraines, and terminal moraines distribute above 2800 m a.s.l. in the middle part of the Helan Mountain. This distribution indicates that here was once glaciated during the late Quaternary. Morphology features show a clear sequence of landscape forming events took place throughout the Helan Mountain. Laboratory optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and accelerator mass spectrometry radio-carbon dating (AMS 14 C) results indicate a late history of glacial advance. Late Pleistocene glaciers in the middle part of the Helan Mountain advanced to near their positions at least four times, and the glacial sequences can be assigned as the middle stage of last glacial cycle (MIS3b, 43.2±4.0 ka), last glacial maximum (LGM, ~18 ka), late glacial (12.0±1.1 ka) and neo-glacial (3.4± 0.3 ka) respectively. Adopting equilibrium line altitude ~2980 m of last glacial maximum and the modern theoretical snowline altitude ~4724 m as the maximum amplitudes, and the standard marine isotope curve (MIS) as the glacial equilibrium line change since the Gonghe Movement (150 ka), the relationship between the mountain altitude and glacier development is discussed herein. Compared with other environmental indexes such as the loesspaleosol and ice core, conclusions are made that glacier advances in the Helan Mountain during the late Quaternary obviously depended on the coupled control of tectonic uplift of mountain with the climate condition. It is at last glaciation that the mountain reached the altitude above snowline and coupled with the glacial climate. The glacial advances occurred in the early and middle stages of last glacial cycle after the Gonghe Movement.     

大厂凹陷MIS3阶段以来沉积物地球化学特征分析

深海氧同位素3-1阶段是指深海沉积物有孔虫氧同位素记录的第四纪末次冰期至冰后期的一个时期,期间气候表现为间冰阶、极端寒冷、多次千年尺度气候事件至最后转暖多个变化特征,相关气候变化沉积响应及影响因素等科学问题一直以来备受关注。然而,该时期相关千年尺度气候事件的记录及讨论在华北平原地区仍有争议,为探讨华北平原西北地区在该阶段的气候特征,本研究在大厂凹陷区天然剖面进行高密度碳14断代样品测试,并开展常量和微量元素地球化学含量分析,获得地球化学数据变化趋势特征,结果表明,该剖面年代从32.5ka至8.2 ka,处于深海氧同位素3阶段末期至深海氧同位素1阶段早期。在该时段,主量元素氧化物TFe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、MgO、CaO、Na2O与K2O与微量元素Sr、V、Ni、Co、Ga、Cu、Ba、Cr和Zn均呈现一致的变化趋势;在MIS2末次冰盛期和MIS1早期中的B?lling-Aller?d暖期和新仙女木冷期,K/Na、Al/Na、化学蚀变指数 、化学风化指数 和古温度等指标与东亚季风区气候呈现一致的变化,同时与全球尺度的事件具有同步性,因此认为晚更新世晚期华北平原的气候变化可归因于全球气候系统下东亚季风区的演化。     

贵州荔波42.0kaB.P.~65.0kaB.P.气候变化的石笋记录

对贵州荔波董哥洞D42石笋进行TIMS-U测年和碳、氧同位素分析,建立末次冰期42．0ka B．P．～65．0ka B．P．的古气候变化时间序列。研究结果表明,荔波地区在65．0ka B．P．～42．0ka B．P．石笋记录的冷暖事件所反映出的季风气候变化,大致可分为3个气候阶段;65．0ka B．P．～60．6ka B．P．相当于海洋氧同位素MIS4晚期,反映本阶段东亚冬季风强盛,气温降低,表现为干旱寒冷的气候环境;60．6ka B．P．～48．4ka B．P．相当于海洋氧同位素MIS3早期,反映东亚夏季风相对增强,气温升高,有效降水相对较少,表现为温暖半干旱的气候环境;48．4ka B．P．～42．0ka B．P．相当于海洋氧同位素MIS3中期,显示东亚夏季风由强变弱,东亚冬季风相对增强,表现为干旱冷凉的气候环境。石笋记录揭示的2次寒冷事件在各类沉积物中均有记录,反映为全球变化的气候事件,相当于北大西洋沉积物中的Heinrich5和Heinrich 6冷事件,可以进行全球对比,显示荔波地区与北极地区存在着古气候的遥相关。     

Comparison of paleoclimatic characteristics between monsoon and westerly areas, China

For past decades there have been many studies on the climate features during the last interglacial and glacial periods. A comparison between the loess record of western China with that of monsoon areas shows some regional differences. ( i) Generally, the climate of the Yili region since the late Pleistocene was dry, with fluctuations. Late Pleistocene climate change in the study area can be divided into 5 stages, corresponding to 5 marine isotopic stages (MIS 1-MISS), (ii) Evidence from grain size composition, magnetic susceptibility, carbonate content, pollen assemblage and geochemistry shows that the climate during the last glacial period was instable. During MIS4 the westerly winds were strong and the humidity was relatively high. Compared with the early stage, MIS2 was dry. In MIS3, westerly winds were relatively weak; pedogenesis prevailed, forming paleo-sols. (iii) In contrast to the Loess Plateau the deposition rate of dust at the early stage was higher than at the late stage of the last galical in the Yili region. The strongest wind event occurred at about 24 kaBP instead of 18 kaBP. (iv) Variations in the grain size indicate that the westerly winds decreased since the deglaciation, but dust accumulation continued until the late Holocene. High carbonate contents, low ratio of Rb/Sr and lack of soil development imply that the climate was dry during the early and middle Holocene. Since the late Holocene the climate became relatively wet and the soil was developed.     

An erosional hiatus in Chinese loess sequences revealed by closely spaced optical dating

1 Introduction Loess deposits in China are the thickest and most extensively distributed in the world. Investigations overthe past around one century have significantly im- proved our understanding of the origin, transportation, deposition and evolution o…     

萨拉乌苏河流域全新世气候变化的元素地球化学记录

通过对萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾左岸沉积剖面常量元素Si、Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、K、Na含量及其比值变化的分析,结合~(14)C测年结果及粒度、有机质指标,并综合已有研究,探讨了该地区全新世以来的气候变化.研究表明,9.6ka BP前气候干冷,沉积相为风成沉积;9.6~8.4ka BP气候由干冷向暖湿转变,期间存在干冷波动;8.4~4.0ka BP进入全新世大暖期,其中,8.4~6.5ka BP为全新世大暖期的鼎盛时期,降水增加,积水成湖,湖泊水位高且稳定;6.5ka BP气候发生明显转变;6.5~4.0ka BP湖泊水位逐步下降形成富含螺壳的浅水环境,但气候整体仍较为湿润;4.0~1.2ka BP气候变干冷,发育沼泽;1.2~0.7ka BP气候转暖湿,沉积相由沼泽相转变为湖泊相;0.7~0.5ka BP为河流相沉积,气候较为干冷.剖面记录的气候变化可与东亚季风变化、温度变化、太阳辐射进行对比,反映了该区域气候变化与全球气候变化的一致性.     

广西近岸西部中全新世显著海侵及气候特征

【目的】北部湾北部是冷暖空气的交汇带,气候复杂多变,而断裂活动导致的沉降差异又是海岸变迁的重要驱动因素,为了探究该区域环境变迁的规律,研究其中全新世显著海侵和气候特征。【方法】以广西西部近岸为典型,于防城港湾口外水下斜坡进行沉积物岩芯取样和粒度、元素、矿物、微体古生物、~(14)C年龄等地质地球化学要素综合测试,分析对比要素的变化特征及其气候联系。【结果】孢粉组合反映植被以山地热带、亚热带种属居优。沉积物组分为粘土质粉砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂。体现出元素分段变化,碎屑矿物含量变异性较高的分布规律;化学元素等基本以3.00~2.80m深度为界,前后分布有明显环境差异,显示气候变干变冷之特征。该转折点亦是大规模海侵的起始阶段,主要表现为绿石明显富集,Sr/Ba显著增高,有孔虫、硅藻、钙质和硅质生物碎屑随之快速增加;该转折点在时间和要素变化特征方面与邻区相近,揭示这并非偶然现象,与中全新世6.00ka B.P.前后夏季风减弱、冬季风加强的大尺度气候变化相联系。【结论】中全新世广西西北部近岸出现了大规模海侵,可能与区域乃至全球气候变化有关。     

河南省郑州西山全新世中晚期地层

在详细描述郑州西山砖窑黄土剖面和＾１４Ｃ测年的基础上,对该剖面土层的沉积年代和气候地层学特生进行了重建,将７０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来气候划分为早期和晚期,又把２期气候各划分出３个时段,描述了各时段的气候特征。     

New views on age of the Salawusu Formation of Late Pleistocene in northern China

The Salawusu Formation in the Salawusu River basin of Inner Mongolia is a typical sequence of the Upper Pleistocene in northern China. However, there have been some different views about the division and age of stratigraphic facies since the establishment of the Salawusu Formation. According to the stratigraphic subdivision and dating of the Dishaogouwan section, it is thought that the fluviolacustrine-aeolian sand sequence from the Dishaogouwan section can be compared with loess, deep-sea deposit records and climatic fluctuations of glacial period. The Salawusu Formation of fluviolacustrine facies was formed in the last interglacial period from 140 to 70 ka BP, roughly corresponding to the fifth stage of deep-sea oxygen isotope, and developed in the same period as the palaeosol S1 on the Loess Plateau; the aeolian sand of the Chengchuan Formation was formed in the last glacial period from 70 to 10 ka BP, constituting the heteropic geological body along with the Malan Loess on the Loess Plateau; the fluviolacustrine deposit and black soil of the Dagouwan Formation and the Dishaogouwan Formation was formed in the Holocene warm period from 9 700 to 3 000 a BP, or developed in the same period as the plaeosol B1 on the Loess Plateau.     

Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Changbai Mountains in northeastern China

The Changbai Mountains （2749 m a.s.l.） in northeastern China are one of the typical mountain regions with glaciation since late Pleistocene as evidenced by well-preserved erosive and accumulative landforms at elevations above 2000 m a.s.l, formed by glaciers around the crater lake, Tianchi Lake. Cirque glaciers developed on both the inner and outer sides of the volcanic cone. Well-preserved cirques, glacial trough valleys, glacial threholds, polished surfaces of the glacial erratics and the moraine ridges indicate that several glaciation processes took place during the last glacial period in this region. Resuits of optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating on the moraine sediments, and the K/Ar, thermal ionization mass spectrometry （TIMS）, electronic spinning resonance （ESR） dating on the volcanic rocks suggest two periods of glacier advances. One is named the Black Wind Mouth glacier advance taking place on the west and north slopes of the volcanic cone at an elevation of 2000-2100 m a.s.l., which is dated to about 20 ka, being the result of the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）. The other is named the Meteorological Station glacier advance at the elevation of 2400-2600 m a.s.l., dated to 11 ka during the late glacial period, and is tentatively correlated to the Younger Dryas stage. The scope of the former glacier advance is larger than that of the latter. Regional comparisons showed that the glacial sequences in the Changbai Mountains are similar to other glaciated areas in eastern Asia during the later part of the last glacial cycle.