改进的全方位多尺度牙X线图像边缘检测

在改进的抗噪型边缘检测算子的基础上，结合形态学知识，综合全方位、多尺度的形态学结构元素，通过形态学运算的加权组合，提出一种改进的全方位多尺度牙X线图像边缘检测方法．实验表明，通过改变结构元素和形态尺度的大小，在不同尺度下选取不同的权值，与经典的边缘检测算子相比，该方法在抑制噪声影响的同时，能较好地识别出牙X线图像边缘轮廓．     

基于阈值分割的数学形态学道路标识线检测

针对边缘检测算子对噪声敏感的缺点，提出了一种新的基于阈值分割的形态学道路标识线的检测方法．仿真结果表明，这种方法保留了更多的图像细节，具有更强的去除噪声能力，可以有效地从道路图像中检测道路标识线。     

基于小波的医学图像自适应增强

提出了一种对图像进行增强的方法，该方法的特点是，单独地处理小波系数，并且分析小波相邻各层之间的相关性，作为判断噪声的依据，然后利用这些信息对图像进行增强．实验结果表明，这种小波增强方法可以减小噪声的放大，能够在增强图像微小细节和避免放大噪声两方面获得令人满意的结果．医学图像往往同时具有低对比度和较高噪声，因此本文提出的方法正适用于这类图像．     

X射线线阵探测器的扫描成像研究

介绍基于线阵探测器的直接数字X射线成像系统的组成结构，叙述在Windows平台下X射线线阵探测器扫描成像的实现方法．其中包括计算机通过串行口向X射线线阵探测器发送控制命令，通过并行口控制步进电机使线阵探测器做机械扫描运动，利用IFC图像基础类库操纵图像采集卡实现成像数据的获取。     

基于小波变换的X线图像的处理

在对X线图像的成像机理和图像特点分析的基础上,提出了对骨折X线图像进行基于小波理论的图像处理方法 利用小波变换的多维多分辨分析特性对X线图像进行消噪,将小波包的分解和重构理论与统计差值法相结合对X线图像的细节部分进行增强,用多分辨图像锥和FCM算法来分割图像 该方法确保了骨折智能诊断与治疗系统的精度和准确度.     

数字图像的平滑

一幅原始图像，在获取和传输过程中，会受到各种噪声的干扰，使图像退化，质量下降．退化会引起图像模糊，特征淹没，对分析图像不利．为了抑制噪声改善图像质量进行的处理称为图像平滑或去噪．数字图像平滑处理可以在空间域或频率域中进行．分析图像平滑处理方法，对相关方法的适用场合进行探讨，并且给出实现程序．     

基于小波变换的医学图像增强方法与实现

分析研究了基于小波变换的图像增强原理和方法,对X线医学图像进行3层小波分解,得到各层的小波系数;采用不同的增强算法对不同层次的小波系数进行处理;利用处理后的小波系数进行小波逆变换,得到增强后的图像.实验结果表明该方法的增强效果明显优于直方图均衡化方法,既提高了图像的整体对比度,又突出了图像的局部细节,同时还抑制了噪声.     

X射线检测焊缝缺陷图像的预处理

本文以X射线检测某压力容器得到的焊缝图像为分析对象,针对X射线检测焊缝原始图像具有灰度区间比较窄、缺陷边缘模糊、图像噪声多、缺陷特征有时被淹没等特点,对图像预处理的多种方法进行了实验比较,实验结果表明LUM滤波的方法可以兼顾平滑图像以及锐化图像双重作用,可以较好地增强边缘、抑制噪声、保存细节。     

基于投影加权的多能光子计数X线CT全能谱图像重建改进方法

为了提高多能光子计数X线CT全能谱重建图像的对比噪声比,提出了一种基于投影加权的图像重建改进方法.首先,针对包含不同对比材料的3种模体进行投影仿真,获得包含泊松噪声和高斯噪声的投影正弦图;然后,从投影正弦图中提取噪声信息,构造关于权重的对比噪声比优化函数;最后,求解出使对比噪声比最优的权重,利用该权重进行投影加权图像重建,并对重建图像进行评估.实验结果表明:与当前仅考虑泊松噪声的基于投影加权的图像重建方法相比,对于含钙材料的模体,利用改进方法可明显提高重建图像的对比噪声比;对于含碘材料和等效软组织材料的模体,利用改进方法重建的图像对比噪声比则无显著统计差异.     

基于检测识别的实孔径雷达景象匹配定位方法

针对恶劣成像条件下的机场目标实孔径雷达图像匹配问题，提出了一种基于目标检测识别的定位方法，通过线特征滤波预处理和投影变换检测机场跑道线，进一步用模板匹配识别跑道端点以进行定位．对实际图像试验结果表明该算法能够准确定位灰度相关算法难以正确匹配的强噪声、低对比度实时图像，并且具有参考图制备简单，实时性强的特点．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-