烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

武汉地区2017年—2019年蚊类群落组成及其多样性分析

2017年－2019年,在武汉地区选取公园、居民区、医院、农户和猪圈5种生境为调查点,采用诱蚊灯法对武汉地区蚊类进行多样性调查.结果表明,共捕获蚊类95 072只,隶属1科5属8种.城市生境如公园、居民区、医院蚊虫密度消长呈双峰型,密度高峰出现在6月－7月,9月－10月,优势种为致倦库蚊;农村生境如猪圈、农户蚊虫密度消长呈单峰型,密度高峰为6月－7月,猪圈优势种为三带喙库蚊,农户优势种为三带喙库蚊、致倦库蚊和中华按蚊.农户和猪圈的丰富度(8)较高,农户多样性指数、均匀度指数最高,猪圈次之.公园、居民区、医院丰富度(4,4,3)较低,多样性指数、均匀度指数相似,年际间有波动.公园、医院与居民区,猪圈与农户相似性指数范围在0.75～1.00,均为极相似.这些结果表明武汉地区蚊类多样性受外界影响较大,提示蚊媒防控应根据不同季节不同生境下的不同蚊种特性,采取有针对性的综合防控措施.     

卡内基的管理思想与经营理念

安德鲁.卡内基是19世纪末20世纪初美国著名的钢铁大王,在实践中他形成了一套管理思想和经营理念。他的管理思想主要有:避开过度竞争,重视规模、集约和成本,关注顾客、质量与流程;他的经营理念是诚信、慈善、节俭、审慎;他奉行的是“与所有人交往,不与任何人结盟”的原则。     

Applications of radiotracer techniques for the pharmacology and toxicology studies of nanomaterials

With the rapid development of nanosciences and nanotechnology, a wide variety of manufactured nanomaterials are now used in commodities, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, biomedical products, and industries. While nanomaterials possess more novel and unique physicochemical properties than bulk materials, they also have an unpredictable impact on human health. In the pharmacology and toxicology studies of nanomaterials, it is essential to know the basic behavior in vivo, i.e. absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of these newly designed materials. Radiotracer techniques are especially well suited to such studies and have got the chance to demonstrate their enchantment. In this paper, radiolabeling methods for carbon nanomaterials, metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles, etc. are summarized and the applications of the radiolabeled nanomaterials in pharmacology and toxicology studies are outlined. Supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB705605 and 2006CB932505), Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJCX3.SYW.N3), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10525524, 10505024 and 20707027)     

电子,通信,广播和计算机技术的发展动向

本文简单介绍近２年国际上电子、通信、广播和计算机技术的突出进展。其中电子技术着重于固态集成电路、微处理器与存贮器以及微波集成；通信技术包括光纤通信、数据通信、综合业务网和个人通信网；广播技术包括高清晰电视、有线电视和数字电音广播；计算机技术着重于个人计算机与工作站、大型计算机和计算机软件。     

基于网络药理学探讨黄芪六君子汤治疗新冠肺炎恢复期的作用机制

基于网络药理学探讨黄芪六君子汤治疗新冠肺炎的作用机制。利用TCMSP、Pubchem、Swiss Target Prediction数据库挖掘黄芪六君子汤中的中药所含化学成分及作用靶点,并经Uniprot数据库标准化,通过GeneCards数据库获得新冠肺炎相关基因,将疾病与药物的靶点进行映射取交集,从STRING数据库下载蛋白-蛋白相互作用（PPI）数据,借助Cytoscape软件构建活性成分-靶点的可视化网络图、蛋白互作网络,筛选出核心靶点,利用R语言进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,并通过Cytoscape软件构建靶点-通路网络。结果表明,筛选得到145个化合物及相应靶点1618个,关键成分包括木犀草素、山柰酚、川皮苷、柚皮素、黄芩素、金合欢素等,关键靶点包括丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1/3/8/14、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3/8、白介素6/1β、白蛋白,细胞凋亡调节蛋白、人前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2、原癌基因、RELA原癌基因等。GO功能富集分析显示生物学过程1421条,分子功能63条,细胞组成36条;KEGG通路富集分析显示41条通路,主要涉及PI3K-Akt信号通路、细胞凋亡、内分泌阻力、MAPK 信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路、破骨细胞分化等。研究认为黄芪六君子汤可能通过抗病毒、抗炎、免疫调节等作用机制对新冠肺炎发挥治疗作用。     

玄武岩纤维管材在石油领域的应用现状及前景分析

 玄武岩纤维是一种新型材料,具有成本低廉、绿色环保、应用广泛等优点,因此在国防、工业、民用等各个领域得到广泛应用.近年来,俄罗斯等国家将玄武岩纤维制成管材,成功应用到石油领域,包括油气井套管、油管及地面输油管道.本文系统阐述了玄武岩纤维套管、油管及地面输油管道的主要类型及性能指标,并分析了玄武岩纤维管材应用于石油领域的优势及其实际应用效果,证明在石油领域应用玄武岩纤维管材从技术上是可行的.同时,从原材料、技术指标、需求、技术难点等方面探讨了玄武岩纤维管材在中国石油领域的应用前景.     

"植物-土壤"相互反馈的关键生态学问题:格局、过程与机制

植物与土壤之间相互反馈的格局、过程与机制,不但是决定生态系统结构、功能及过程的关键科学问题,而且是陆地生态系统响应全球变化的重要组成部分。基于目前国内外研究现状,从养分循环角度剖析“植物-土壤”间的反馈效应,探明相互反馈在空间尺度(根面、根际、种类、生态系统以及区域等)与时间尺度(秒至千年)上的级联效应及其变化格局;阐明根际、植物种类、生态系统及区域地理等水平上“植物-土壤”的相互反馈机制,重点揭示根系分泌、共生、生长及代谢的根际界面过程对植物水分/养分吸收与土壤物理学修饰的调控机制,剖析“植物种类-凋落物化学-土壤生物-土壤有机质”相互作用对地上-地下养分循环过程的驱动机制,运用“上行-下行控制理论及腐屑食物网模型”揭示地上-地下生物群落交互作用的过程与机制,以及土壤地质演变(岩石风化模式、土壤形成模式及土壤养分格局的变化)与区域植被演替(优势种更替及植被分布模式、地上-地下凋落物输入格局等的变化)相互反馈的过程与机制;从“植物-土壤”相互反馈的理论视角,分析生态退化与恢复、外来物种生态入侵、大气氮沉降、二氧化碳浓度升高以及植物多样性减少等全球生态问题的特征、形成机制以及可能的应对策略,揭示生态系统“地上-地下”相互反馈的生态学过程,以及陆地生态系统对全球生态环境变化的响应特征与机理。     

鹅耳枥属树种叶绿体基因组结构及变异分析

【目的】了解鹅耳枥属(Carpinus)树种叶绿体基因组基因组成及结构特征,为鹅耳枥属的系统发育及基因组进化研究提供参考。【方法】获取鹅耳枥属16个树种的叶绿体基因组,对其进行基因注释,利用生物信息学方法比较叶绿体基因组间的结构特征与变异程度,并以麻栎(Quercus acutissima)为外类群分析了鹅耳枥属的系统发育关系。【结果】鹅耳枥属16个树种的叶绿体基因组均为双链环形结构,均包含1个长单拷贝区(LSC)、1个短单拷贝区(SSC)以及2个反向重复区(IRa和IRb)。叶绿体基因组大小差异较小,最大差异仅1 902 bp。基因排列顺序基本一致,各基因数量相对保守,其中核糖体RNA(rRNA)数量最为保守,所有树种均为8个。此外,鹅耳枥属树种叶绿体基因组在序列长度、基因组成以及GC含量等方面相对保守,但4个边界存在明显的多样性。鹅耳枥属叶绿体基因组中非基因编码区存在较大差异,变异程度较高,而基因编码区差异较小,具有较高的保守性。在叶绿体基因组4个部分中,LSC区的变异程度最高,IRa区的变异程度最低。鹅耳枥属叶绿体基因组中psbA、rps16、atpA、rps19、ndhF、ndhI以及ycf1等基因的编码区存在显著差异。此外,ycf3-trnS, trnS-rps4, trnH-psbA, psbZ-trnfM, matK-rps16, rps16-trnQ, trnQ-psbK, ccsA-ndhD, accD-psaI, ndhC-trnV, trnT-trnL, trnF-ndhJ, atpB-rbcL, trnT-psbD, trnE-trnT, trnD-trnY, rpl32-trnl等基因间隔区的非编码区差异较大。绝大部分基因的编码区长度十分保守,含内含子的蛋白编码基因长度变异主要来源于内含子长度或编码区长度。系统发育分析结果将鹅耳枥属划分为鹅耳枥组与千金榆组,此外由于地理隔离导致欧洲鹅耳枥(C. betulus)、美洲鹅耳枥(C. caroliniana)与鹅耳枥属其他树种表现出较远的亲缘关系。【结论】鹅耳枥属树种叶绿体基因组具有较高的保守性,其基因排列顺序基本一致,未检测到大规模的倒位或基因重排,但其IR区与单拷贝区(SC)边界存在明显的多样性。基于叶绿体基因组构建的系统发育树在一定程度上可以揭示鹅耳枥属树种的系统发育关系。     

微生物发酵对川乌、附子中生物碱含量的影响

探讨了微生物发酵对川乌、附子中新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱含量的影响。将菌种以孢子悬液的形式接入灭菌生川乌、生附子、制川乌、制附子药材中,30℃固态发酵培养7 d提取生物碱,对照组为未发酵药材。采用高效液相色谱法测定其含量。研究发现发酵药材中新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱质量分数明显低于原药材:生川乌中新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱的质量分数分别为0.1390%、0.0195%、0.0320%,而发酵生川乌中分别为0.0231%、0.0039%、0.0117%;生附子中新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱的质量分数分别为0.2750%、0.0670%、0.0550%,而发酵生附子中分别为0.0633%、0.0552%、0.0291%;生川乌+附子中新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱的质量分数分别为0.1395%、0.0075%、0.0078%,而发酵生川乌+附子中分别为0.0202%、0.0022%、0.0026%。该结果表明微生物发酵有助于降低川乌、附子中有毒生物碱的含量。     

警务实战的防卫与控制训练中损伤发生规律与处理研究

防卫与控制是一项警务实战技能，其内容多、难度大、对抗性强，训练时极易发生损伤。通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法和数理统计法等对警察在防卫与控制训练中发生的运动损伤和处理情况进行调查分析，结果显示：防卫与控制训练中损伤几率大、损伤部位广、损伤类型多，参训人员对损伤的处理不具有科学合理性。多方法梳理、多视角剖析损伤规律和原因，从“以人为本”的角度关爱警察身心健康，针对防卫与控制的训练、损伤处理提出必要的注意事项及合理的防治措施。