不同产地晋产远志根茎叶显微结构观察

应用石蜡切片法观察了12种1 a生晋产远志(Polygala tenuifolia Willd.)根、茎、叶的显微结构,测量了根半径、木质部、韧皮部、木栓层、茎半径等指标,并应用统计学方法对所测数据进行了分析.结果表明,12个不同产地远志一年生植株的根均有厚的周皮,木栓细胞近长方形,排列较整齐、致密;韧皮部所占比例为横切面的1/2以上,韧皮射线不明显;木质部发达,木射线明显.木栓层的厚度、木栓细胞的大小、韧皮部所占的比例、导管的类型等均存在差异,其中以产自山西太原的远志韧皮部所占根横切面比例最大;网纹导管仅存在于原产自新绛、平遥、太原、寿阳、应县和大同的远志的木质部中,在其他产地的远志的木质部中为环纹导管或螺纹导管或二者均有.     

3种入侵杂草次生木质部的细胞结构

运用离析法和显微照相等技术,比较了黄顶菊、豚草、加拿大一枝黄花3种入侵植物茎和根中次生木质部细胞的特征。结果表明,3种入侵植物根、茎的次生木质部中孔纹和网纹导管分子较多,具多尾性,单穿孔板,少数导管分子还具侵填体等特征,这都在一定程度上说明3种植物在系统进化中占有较高的地位。同一种植物中茎的导管分子平均长度长于根中,平均宽度宽于根中,且均达极显著差异;同一种植物的茎中和根中导管分子的长度、宽度并不一定有一致性。管胞细胞、纤维细胞的平均长度和宽度在3种植物间均未表现出一定的规律性。这些现象都说明植物为了更好的适应不同的生活环境而形成了一定的结构。     

蔷薇科9属12种代表植物导管类型的解剖学观察

初步研究了蔷薇科Rosaceae 9属12种代表植物的导管类型、数量及导管分子的长度、口径；纤维分子的长度、口径。结果表明：较进化的种类一般都是孔纹导管和网纹导管,较原始的种类一般都是环纹和螺纹导管；导管分子长度长的则导管口径小,导管分子长度短的则口径大；纤维分子长度普遍大于导管分子长度,而纤维分子的口径也普遍小于导管分子的口径。     

影响萝卜产品器官口感品质的内部结构因素

采用组织分离、石蜡切片和组织化学染色技术,分析了萝卜４个品种间的结构差异．测量了与细胞、组织成分和后含物有关的１３项结构指标,并对结构指标变化与口感品质口尝指标变化的相关性进行了统计分析．发现三生结构所占比例、淀粉粒数目、次生木质部中射线薄壁细胞的大小、导管占次生木质部的比例等是对口感品质影响较大的因素．初步探讨了结构因素与口感指标之间的相互关系．     

影响萝卜产品器官口感品质的内部结构因素

采用组织分离、石蜡切片和组织化学染色技术，分析了萝卜４个品种间的结构差异。测量了与细胞、组织成分和后含物有关的１３项结构指标，并对结构指标变化与口感品质口尝指标变化的相关性进行了统计分析。发现三生结构所占比例，淀粉粒数目、次生木质部中射线薄壁细胞的大小，导管占次生木质部的比例等是对口感品质影响较大的因素。初步探讨了结构因素与口感指标之间的相互关系。     

桂花木质部导管分子形态学研究

运用离析和显微观测的方法,对桂花枝条木质部导管分子形态特征进行了研究.研究表明:桂花1至3年生枝条具多种类型的导管分子,主要类型为环纹和孔纹导管分子;大多数导管分子具有尾状结构,一端具尾或两端具尾,无尾导管分子较少;导管分子穿孔板类型为单穿孔,大多数穿孔板倾斜31°⁶0°;金桂与丹桂导管分子形态特征无明显差别,1至3年生枝条导管长度平均444.86μm,直径平均31.13μm,长度和直径随枝龄的增加而增大.     

紫穗槐和刺槐木质部比较研究

对紫穗槐和刺槐的木质部进行观察,通过紫穗槐和刺槐木质部中导管数量,分布,长度,直径,导管壁厚度,及木质部中纤维和射线的比较研究,发现紫穗槐的木质部中导管直径小于刺槐,刺槐中导管的密度较大,纤维的数量及直径紫穗槐明显小于刺槐,木质部中的木射线密集度紫穗槐较大.得出结论:刺槐较紫穗槐进化一些.     

苹果矮化砧木主要预选指标分析

根据Beakbame.Taper等人测定的七种砧木十项矮化效应预选指标建立的相关矩阵,进行了主成份分析,通过分析,淘汰了为矮化效应仅提供1％信息的根皮率、根皮部纤维等五项预选指标,肯定了根木质部中纤维、薄壁细胞等非输导组织所占的比例是矮化效应的主要因素,并根据根木质部中纤维、薄壁细胞、导管、枝条电阻、气孔密度各指标的因子负荷量权重分配矮化预选指标,可很好的反应矮化效应。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9的毛果杨bHLH106转录因子的功能研究

目的 采用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统创制毛果杨(Populus trichocarpa)bHLH106(Basic Helix-Loop-Helix 106)基因的突变体,分析植株的表型特征,初步揭示PtrbHLH106基因在毛果杨木材形成过程中的功能。方法 基于前期对毛果杨野生型(WT)茎干的不同细胞类型(形成层、木质部和韧皮部细胞)RNA-seq数据,克隆得到一个在形成层及木质部较高表达的bHLH基因PtrbHLH106。采用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术创制毛果杨PtrbHLH106的功能缺失突变体。对生长60、90、120 d的毛果杨ptrbhlh106突变体和WT植株进行表型观察;对生长120 d的植株各茎节进行石蜡切片,利用甲苯胺蓝染色观察并进行细胞统计分析。结果 获得毛果杨ptrbhlh106突变体;与WT相比,突变体植株的株高、地径无明显差异;在整个测量的生长周期中,第8茎节长度有缩短的趋势,茎节数量有增加的趋势;形成层细胞层数有增加的趋势但差异不显著,导管细胞孔径显著增大,纤维细胞数量显著减少。结论 ptrbhlh106突变体与WT植株在导管孔径和纤维细胞数量上存在差异,初步证明PtrbHLH106基因参与了调控毛果杨次生木质部的发育。     

中学生物学教材中木材立体结构图存在的问题

近年出版的中学植物学教材中,木材立体结构图有几处不够准确,主要表现在:1.每个年轮中依次出现初生木质部的导管类型;2.孔纹导管壁上的纹孔式与导管相邻细胞应该出现的纹孔式不符.此外,书中孔纹导管分子的图解缺乏代表性.本文针对上述诸点谈谈笔者的见解.导管主要是被子植物木质部的成分,其功用是输送水和无机盐.根据导管分子发育过程中次生壁加厚的方式不同,将其分为5种类型,即环纹、螺纹、梯纹、网纹和孔纹导管(图1-1～6).在植物体中,这5种导管之间还存在着一些中间类型,如环纹和螺纹、螺纹和梯纹     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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