复杂桥梁的多模型抗震分析方法

提出了复杂桥梁的多模型抗震分析方法.其基本思路是:基于已有的震害资料和工程经验,确定桥梁的地震易损部位,然后利用抗震动力学知识,建立多个经过合理简化的计算模型,进行不同结构部位的地震反应分析和抗震验算.最后,以钱江四桥的抗震分析为例,论证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

斜拉桥纵飘频率简化计算方法

在飘浮体系斜拉桥的单质点简化计算模型的基础上,提出了一阶纵飘振型的双质点简化分析模型和基本周期的简化计算公式,并结合某飘浮体系斜拉桥的例子,对两种简化计算方法进行了分析比较.数值分析结果表明,双质点模型的简化公式可有效弥补单质点模型的缺陷,为基本周期的估算提供了更为精确的估算方法,研究结果已在大跨度飘浮体系斜拉桥的抗震概念设计中成功应用.     

建筑设计在抗震设计中的重要性

本文从抗震的角度探讨建筑的体型,建筑平面布置和竖向布置、规范中设计限值的控制、屋顶建筑等设计问题,优良的建筑抗震设计,必须是在建筑设计与结构设计相互配合协作共同考虑抗震的设计基础上完成.为此,要充分重视建筑设计在建筑抗震设计中的重要性,在建筑抗震设计中更好地发挥建筑设计应有的作用。     

混凝土与木混合结构中木楼盖计算模型

采用有限元软件Sap2000建立了2种不同的混凝土与木混合结构模型,即完全木楼盖模型和简化木楼盖模型;采用这2种模型对于1个单层混合结构抗侧力试验进行了数值模拟;采用简化木楼盖模型和刚性楼盖模型分别建立了6层混合结构模型,对模型进行了抗震分析,并将2种楼盖模型的计算结果进行了对比.结果表明:完全木楼盖模型与简化木楼盖模型都能够较好地模拟单层混合结构试验模型的水平抗侧力性能,简化木楼盖模型可以替代完全木楼盖模型应用于混合结构的受力分析;采用简化木楼盖模型对6层混合结构进行抗震分析所得到的中部框架受到的水平力略大于边框架,简化木楼盖模型与刚性楼盖模型进行时程分析所得到的顶点时程位移曲线较为接近.     

冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体简化计算模型研究

组合墙体作为冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系的主要承重和抗侧力构件，其受力性能对房屋整体结构抗震性能的影响应重点关注. 基于此，建立冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体简化计算模型，采用非线性对角弹簧模拟分析组合墙体的剪切变形，设置梁式杆件模拟分析组合墙体的弯曲变形，且墙体门窗洞口的影响也可在模型中体现. 借鉴日本规范建议的墙体等代拉条法，推导出简化计算模型中对角弹簧轴向刚度的计算方法. 结合组合墙体拟静力加载试验，验证了组合墙体简化计算模型的正确性，该模型满足基于弹性的设计要求，不适用于结构的弹塑性分析. 最后，基于组合墙体的简化计算模型，参照振动台试验试件建立了3层冷弯薄壁型钢结构房屋的有限元模型，通过弹性动力时程分析验证了组合墙体简化计算模型的正确性，可为轻钢结构的抗震设计提供参考.     

SSDI体系非线性耦合阻尼比研究

通过对土-结构动力相互作用(SSDI)体系简化计算方法的研究,提出改进的考虑基础质量与转动效应的简化计算模型,推导SSDI体系非线性耦合阻尼比计算公式,并通过对公式中每个参数的选取与修正,充分考虑土体与结构的非线性特性、基础形式与基础埋置深度以及基础平动与转动的耦合效应等因素的影响.运用SSDI体系非线性耦合阻尼比公式,对1个实例进行计算.研究结果表明:SSDI体系频率和阻尼比的计算结果与传统方法相比更加接近试验实测结果,且误差为10％～20％,证明了计算公式的有效性,这有助于完善现有抗震设计规范、提出新的抗震设计反应谱.     

桥梁抗震设计实用建模方法比较分析

地震作用下桥梁结构响应结果的准确性很大程度上依赖于其建立的有限元模型.以一座三跨规则连续梁为例,系统地总结和研究了进行桥梁抗震设计时不同构件和边界条件的模拟方法,并采用3种方法分别建立了集中参数模型、简化模型和精细化模型,在输入相同的地震波后进行非线性时程分析,并对其响应结果进行比较.分析结果表明:采用前两种简化模型计算的结果误差很大,且较难反映支座、横向挡块和伸缩缝等构件的非线性响应;采用精细化模型计算的结果能更准确地反映桥梁结构的多种非线性响应,更好地适用于基于性能的桥梁抗震设计.     

钢板剪力墙简化分析模型研究

钢板剪力墙是一种适用于高烈度区高层及超高层建筑抗震的新型抗侧力结构体系.在强震作用下,钢板剪力墙墙体将出现较大的面外变形,并沿对角线方向形成一系列的斜向拉力带,拉力带屈服进入塑性阶段承载,是典型的二维板单元非线性问题.由于墙板的二维非线性精细模型计算难度大、耗时长,需要采用合理的简化分析模型,以满足结构设计中高效性及准确性两方面的要求.本文总结和分析了近年来各国学者提出的钢板剪力墙简化分析模型,并利用ABAQUS建立了17个不同高厚比、不同宽高比的单层单跨钢板剪力墙的二维精细分析模型和5种主要简化分析模型.通过对107个模型的非线性推覆分析,广泛对比了各种简化分析模型对不同宽高比范围内的薄墙板及中厚墙板抗震性能模拟的准确性.在综合考虑分析效率及准确性的基础上,提出了不同设计范围内的钢板剪力墙结构简化分析模型的合理选择方案,并讨论了今后研究的发展方向.     

框支剪力墙抗震性能及弹塑性位移实用计算方法

针对钢筋混凝土框支剪力墙抗震性能差的缺点,提出采用型钢混凝土框支剪力墙．进行了4榀模型试件拟静力试验,试验结果表明,结构配置型钢后抗震性能得到显著改善．提出了框支剪力墙结构地震反应简化分析模型,将结构简化为由墙单元和框支单元组成的弹簧体系,给出了单元恢复力模型的确定方法．根据简化模型,编制了结构地震反应时程分析程序,并进行参数分析,研究了配置型钢对结构地震反应的影响,给出了型钢混凝土框支剪力墙弹塑性位移的实用计算方法．     

多孔连拱的实用抗震计算方法

本文住单拱实用抗震计薄研究的基础上,进一步解决我国地震区常见的多孔连拱的实用抗震计算方法。通过对连拱体系动力性能及反应规律的系统分析,提出简化的力学模型,用MRC-3,MRC-4程序计算了连拱的地震反应系数。最后用实例说明计算方法的应用并讨论了连拱抗震加固的基本原则。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.