用离散坐标法计算任意方向辐射强度(Ⅰ):原理

针对目前所提出的各种离散坐标格式中的离散方向大都是固定的，不能任意调节，因而无法满足一些工程辐射问题的需要的问题，在“带无穷小加权离散坐标格式”的基础上，提出了一种离散坐标方法来计算任意方向上的辐射强度．同时，提出了带微小控制角有限体积法的概念．     

用离散坐标法计算任意方向辐射强度(Ⅱ):验证

为验证提出的离散坐标算法，采用了一个带内热源的平行平板测试问题和两个二维吸收—各向同性散射测试问题．数值试验表明本方法能够以较少的离散方向和较短的计算时间来获得具有比较精确的任意方向上的辐射强度．     

采用蒙特卡罗法分析离散坐标法的假散射

采用蒙特卡罗法获得了离散坐标方程的不含任何假散射的高精度解，其基本思路是：当采用一个离散坐标格式来计算一个漫射表面的热辐射时，就意味着用有限个离散方向去“代表”2π立体空间上的无穷多个方向，因此，不妨假定存在着这样一个虚拟表现：该表面的确只沿着该离散坐标格式的离散方向上发射热辐射，并且在每个方向上的热流也完全遵循离散坐标方程，然后将蒙特卡罗法应用于此虚拟表现，由此所获得解即为此有面的高精度解，不言而喻它也等效于离散坐标方程的高精度解，在此基础上，分析了离散坐标法的假散射对计算结果的影响。     

采用离散坐标法计算一维平行入射辐射问题

针对离散坐标法难以应用于平行入射辐射的问题，提出了一种简单有效的方法；在原有的离散坐标系列中，直接添加一个与平行入射辐射的方向重合的离散方向，并将该离散方向的加权取得极其微小（合如1）10^-200)，这一新的离散方向对于离散坐标系列的各阶段矩方程没有任何影响，因此可以任意地设置，这样无论平行入射辐射来自哪个方向，都可以被准确地捕捉到，并采用一个一维大气辐射问题对本方法进行了检验，计算结果与精确解吻合。     

非定常半周期Stokes问题的数值离散

研究了三维非定常半周期 Stokes方程的数值离散 .对周期方向引入 Fourier谱方法 ,而对非周期方向引入 Legendre谱方法 ;时间离散使用向后 Euler格式 ,对由此而得的全离散向后欧拉Fourier- Legendre联合谱方法 ,证明了格式的稳定性和收敛性 .     

用于离散坐标法的一种局部分解菱形格式

提出了一种二阶精度的局部分解菱形空间差分格式，按照辐射在控制容积中的传播方向，将控制容积分解为三个部分，然后将辐射传递方程分别在各部分积分，同时沿辐射的传播方向应用菱形格式来推导出各个部分的下游边界强度，整个控制容积下游界面强度等于这三个部分的下游界强度的算术平均值，其他数值步骤与标准菱形差分格式完全相同，数值试验表明本方法完全消除了数值解的振荡，同时还可以避免负强度的发生。     

非定常半周期Stokes问题的数值离散

研究了三维非定常半周期Stokes方程的数值离散，对周期方向引入Fourier谱方法，而对非周期方向引入Legendre谱方法，时间离散使用后Euler格式，对由此而得的全离散全向欧拉Fourier-Legerndre联合谱方法，证明了格式的稳定性和收剑性。     

化工过程动态分布参数模型的空间时间分步离散化实时仿真

根据动态仿真的实时性要求，对化工过程动态分布参数模型，提出了空间时间分步离散化的处理方法，即先只对空间自变量作离散化处理，将动态分布参数模型中的偏微分方程化成以时间为自变量的初值条件常微分方程组，然后采用ＲｕｎｇｅＫｕｔａ等方法求解。空间时间分步离散化差分格式与空间时间同时离散化的显式差分格式和ＣｒａｎｋＮｉｃｏｌｓｏｎ隐式差分格式相比较，该方法具有较高的准确性和较好的稳定性，并可适用于线性系统和非线性系统     

Zakharov方程组全离散Fourier谱格式的稳定性

为研究等离子体物理中Zakharov方程组数值方法解的适定性,讨论了全离散Fourier谱格式的稳定性。首先证明了误差eMn+1的L2模,其次证明了eMn+1和ηMn+1的能量模,最后借助全离散Fourier谱格式的守恒性质,证明了Zakharov方程组全离散Fourier谱格式解的稳定性。该研究改进了半离散Fourier谱格式只在空间方向上的稳定性,得到了全离散Fourier谱格式解在时间方向和空间方向上的稳定性定理。     

一个单相自由边界问题的Legendre-Tau方法

论文讨论了用边界固定的方法结合使用Legendre-Tau方法来求解一个经典的单相自由边界问题的数值解,给出了Legendre-Tau方法的半离散和全离散格式;在时间方向用Crank-Nicolson离散格式,讨论其收敛性,并得到了在H1模下的误差估计.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-