马克思《资本论》中的拜物教批判理论探析

如果撇开商品经济社会这一特定空间或视域,"拜物教"有着更为宽泛的内涵。它作为"拜神教"的对称是指神灵观念明确产生之前,原始人把某些特定物体当作具有意志的物体而加以崇拜的宗教。拜物教也用来比喻对某种事物或东西的迷恋、崇拜、追逐等。马克思的拜物教范畴既有拜物教的宽泛内涵,又有特定关联域或语境下比喻意义上的内涵。马克思认为,人们在社会协作、分工关系中生产出的产品或物,却变成了独立于这一社会关系之外的异己存在。对这一异化存在的迷恋、崇拜和追逐就是典型的拜物教。它从商品拜物教经货币拜物教发展到资本拜物教。基于马克思的拜物教批判理论,提炼出拜物教在一个社会中是否存在的三个标准(称为"拜物教判明法"):第一,实行商品经济;第二,经济上存在着剥削;第三,不代表广大人民利益的阶级垄断了行政权力且拥有对社会财富进行分配的权力,并实际占有财富。     

从商品拜物教到文化拜物教:论资本的文化入侵

当资本主义生产方式在整个社会占据统治地位的时候,商品的使用价值越来越为人所忽略,而其交换价值却越来越为人所赞赏和崇拜,商品具有了拜物教的性质;当文化被资本入侵成为一种商品,处于工业生产和资本主义生产体系中并受价值规律支配,文化也就同样具有了拜物教性质,这种文化消费的并不是文化的审美价值,而是文化的交换价值;文化生产成为了资本家资本积累和追求增殖的工具,资本家利用这一工具实现了对文化生产者和消费者的双重统治,由此,文化最终成为了意识形态。     

马克思恩格斯的资本主义“公平”观及当代启示

公平与效率的问题是任何社会在其发展过程中都要面对的。马克思、恩格斯在对资本主义进行深入研究后认为,资本主义社会的经济效率较高,所创造的社会生产力明显比其以前任何社会都多,但它在对公平问题的处理上却陷入泥潭。资本主义＂公平＂仅是＂公平＂历史发展过程中的一环,它在现实上集中表现为＂资本＂的公平,是资产阶级的乐园,具有明显的形式性、虚伪性。这种所谓的公平必然束缚社会生产力的进一步发展,导致阶级之间的尖锐对立,资本主义社会将在其中灭亡。马克思、恩格斯对资本主义＂公平＂问题的认识给当代中国深刻启迪,告诉我们不仅要注意＂效率＂,更要善待＂公平＂,借以促进社会稳定,增进社会和谐。     

马克思的异化理论与卢卡奇的物化理论之比较

马克思的异化理论与卢卡奇的物化理论都从物化现象或异化现象的批判入手来批判资本主义现实,而且这一批判都与资本主义的商品拜物教现象联系在了一起,这并不是说他们的理论没什么区别,相反,他们在异化或物化的理论上有着很大的区别.他们之间的区别主要集中在卢卡奇的物化理论不仅包括对象化,也包括异化,并没有区分二者;而马克思的异化理论中异化和物化(即对象化)却有了明确的界分.     

马克思对资本主义伦理经济关系的批判

马克思以现实资本主义生产关系、生产实质、分配关系为对象,通过对资本主义生产关系确立前提的追究和批判,揭示了资本主义伦理经济的虚伪性;通过对资本主义生产实质的反思和批判,揭示了资本主义生产与交换中伦理经济的形式性;通过对资本主义分配制度的追问和批判,揭示了资本主义分配领域中伦理经济的抽象性.     

从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》看马克思的环境哲学

通过对近代资本主义工业社会的考察,马克思在其《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,为世人揭示了人与自然关系及其实质,科学地阐述了人类历史和自然历史的关系,以及人与自然关系日趋紧张的根源,并找寻到了解决资本主义环境危机的办法,也为社会主义环境发展提供理论工具和指明前进的方向。     

数字技术时代拜物教批判及扬弃

数字技术迅猛发展并在资本控制下渗入社会各个领域，在给人类的生产生活带来诸多便利的同时也出现了新的数字拜物教现象。数据和数字技术商品化、资本化成为新的物神，数字技术的广泛应用形成人类生存的“场域”,导致人的虚拟数字身份与现实身份相混淆以及社会关系呈现出数字化的状态。数字拜物教内化了数字技术资本化的政治取向，内含了数字技术调用社会资源形成宗教场域的感性逻辑，内蕴的数字资本新剥削形式深化了社会的技术性贫困。要通过技术发展、制度治理和价值文化三个层面共同发力，才能扬弃数字拜物教，实现人类的真正解放。     

马克思对资本主义伦理经济关系的批判

马克思以现实资本主义生产关系、生产实质、分配关系为对象,通过对资本主义生产关系确立前提的追究和批判,揭示了资本主义伦理经济的虚伪性;通过对资本主义生产实质的反思和批判,揭示了资本主义生产与交换中伦理经济的形式性;通过对资本主义分配制度的追问和批判,揭示了资本主义分配领域中伦理经济的抽象性。     

马克思跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”思想研究论析

人类社会能否跨越资本主义社会阶段进入共产主义是我国理论界研究的热点问题。其中焦点问题包括马克思是否提出了跨越的思想;资本主义的生产力和文明成果能否跨越;经济文化发展相对落后的国家,跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”有何意义等,这些问题的研究对于建设有中国特色的社会主义和世界社会主义的发展有着重要的意义。     

论鲍德里亚符号拜物教思想及其现实意义

以往的古典政治经济学家认为生产决定消费。但是随着生产力的快速发展,消费在经济社会中发挥着日益巨大的作用,甚至在某种程度上决定着生产。鲍德里亚针对这一社会转型,从符号学的角度分析了消费社会的主要特征。为了更好地论证鲍德里亚的符号拜物教思想,找到直面现实消费社会的途径,可以从"何为消费"入手,区分传统的消费概念与消费社会中的消费概念,以此为基础,引入符号学视角,论证"物的消费"已经成为"符号的消费"。最后,借助现实社会中存在的消费问题,依托符号拜物教理论,树立理性的消费观。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.