鹤岗矿区1/3焦煤煤泥水絮凝沉降实验研究

为解决鹤岗矿区1/3焦煤煤泥水难沉降的问题,选取阴离子型、阳离子型及非离子型聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为絮凝剂,对该矿1/3焦煤煤泥水进行絮凝沉降实验,研究搅拌时间、pH、絮凝剂种类和用量对煤泥水絮凝沉降效果的影响。结果表明:在搅拌强度100 r/min、搅拌时间45 s、pH为8、凝聚剂用量2 mL、非离子型PAM絮凝剂用量3 mL的条件下,该矿1/3焦煤煤泥水絮凝沉降效果最佳。该研究为鹤岗矿区1/3焦煤煤泥水处理提供了有益参考。     

Semi-industrial experimental study on bauxite separation using a cell–column integration process

The cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column (FCSMC) is a highly efficient mineral processing equipment. In this study, a cell-column (FCSMC) integration process was investigated for the separation of bauxite and its feasibility was analyzed on a theoretical basis. The properties of low-grade bauxite ore from Henan Province, China were analyzed. Parameters such as reagent dosage, scraping bubble time, and pressure of the circulating pump during the sorting process were investigated and optimized to improve the flotation efficiency. On the basis of these parameters, continuous separation experiments were conducted. Bauxite concentrate with an aluminum-to-silicon (A/S) mass ratio of 6.37 and a 77.63wt% recovery rate were achieved via a flow sheet consisting of “fast flotation using a flotation cell, one roughing flotation and one cleaning flotation using flotation columns”. Compared with the full-flotation-cells process, the cell–column integration process resulted in an increase of the A/S ratio by 0.41 and the recovery rate by 17.58wt%. Cell–column integration separation technology represents a new approach for the separation of middle-to-low-grade bauxite ore.     

Action mechanism of octylic hydroxamic acid on diaspore

The conventional collector for diaspore mineral is oleic acid, which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation, that is the great drawback of oleic acid in use. Octylic hydroxamic acid were synthesized, and its collecting ability to certain minerals in bauxite: diaspore, kaolinite were studied. The collecting power of various reagents to diaspore were shown as follows: oleic acid相似文献   

水厂排泥水处理的化学调质研究

通过测量Zeta电位、界面沉降性能及比阻,对应用高分子絮凝剂、表面活性剂、石灰、酸和碱进行水厂排泥水的化学调质处理效果进行了研究.结果表明:有机高分子絮凝剂对污泥的调质效果明显优于无机絮凝剂,且调质效果随絮凝剂相对分子质量的增大而加强;阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)调质对污泥处理有促进作用而阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)却有负面影响;投加石灰能有效地降低污泥比阻(SRF),但对污泥沉淀无明显改善且增加了泥饼干重;污泥的沉淀和脱水性能随pH值的降低而改善.     

絮凝沉淀法和气浮法收集粘红酵母的比较

为比较粘红酵母发酵液絮凝后的收集工艺,本文首先考察了发酵液组分对聚丙烯酰胺絮凝粘红酵母的影响,确定了菌体分离过程中絮凝沉淀法和絮凝气浮法的最佳复合絮凝剂种类及用量,然后以分离成本为比较对象,分析了两种方法的优劣。结果表明发酵液组分对粘红酵母的分离收集有一定影响作用,两种分离方法的最佳复合絮凝剂均为聚合硫酸铁和聚丙烯酰胺。沉淀法最佳复合絮凝剂用量分别为聚合硫酸铁500 mg/L和聚丙烯酰胺40 mg/L,菌体沉淀去除率可达95%。气浮法最佳复合絮凝剂用量分别为聚合硫酸铁500 mg/L和聚丙烯酰胺60 mg/L,气浮率可达90%。     

Study on the accelerant to the sodium oleate during bauxite flotation

The conventional collector for diasporemineral is oleic acid(OLA),which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation.Firstly flotation experiments with every reagent(sodium oleate,tween-20)were carried out and it was shown that sodium oleate was an effective diaspore collector,whereas nonionic surfactant tween-20 showed little collectivity.Then experiments were carried out with sodium oleate as the main collector with the addition of tween-20 to study the influences of potentiator on diaspore flotation.It could be seen from the experiments that potentiator had a marked influence on the recovery of diaspore,which was raised by more than 12% and that addition sequence also affected the flotation behavior.It gave the best results with the reagents mixed thoroughly before added and the best ratio of collector oleic acid and potentiator tween-20 stood at 10:1.From the calculation of the ingredients in the sodium oleate solution,at the pH 9,sodium oleate acted with surface of themineral with the acid-soap polymer [HOL·OL-].Zeta potential test showed that the potentiator promoted the absorption of collector on themineral surface,which lowered zeta potential.As could be seen from surface tension experiments,the addition of potentiator tween-20 lowered the CMC(critical micelle concentration) value of oleic acid solution,which was equivalent to raise the power of the agents.By the adsorptive capability tests,with the addition of tween-20,the adsorption of oleic acid on diaspore got more.     

药剂真空预压法处理宁波废弃泥浆试验研究

针对浙江宁波某场地的工程废弃泥浆进行了系列药剂真空预压室内试验研究,基于沉降柱试验确定不同絮凝剂的最佳添加量;按照絮凝剂最佳添加量,进行阴离子聚丙烯酰胺药剂真空预压法的模型试验,探讨药剂真空预压法固液分离的效果;最后,对模型箱中不同位置处的泥样做压汞试验,研究泥样微观孔隙沿径向的分布规律.研究表明:加入适量絮凝剂后,初始上清液浊度较为接近,且浊度随时间变化曲线斜率较大,絮体尚未稳定;24h后浊度曲线斜率较小,絮体达到较为稳定的状态,此时上清液浊度最低对应的絮凝剂添加量为最佳添加量.加入絮凝剂后泥浆颗粒粒径明显增加,大于0.075mm的颗粒由原来的11.78%增加到了79.69%.废弃泥浆絮凝后静置24h后排出上清液含水率从278%降至157%,真空预压136h后从157%降低到了约47.2%,固液分离的效率较高.经过药剂真空预压后,泥浆中孔隙被大大压缩,孔径峰值区域从絮凝后真空前的1 000~120 000nm减小到100~20 000nm,且距离中心越近孔径越小.     

从竖罐炼锌蒸馏残渣旋涡炉处理烟化渣中浮选回收银

由于竖罐蒸馏炼锌工艺中锌精矿所含的银几乎全部进入蒸馏残渣,因此以蒸馏残渣经旋涡炉烟化处理后得到的烟化渣为原料,开展了浮选回收银的研究.浮选实验考查了浮选过程pH值、温度、捕收剂用量、起泡剂用量对粗选过程的影响.在优化的粗选工艺参数条件下进行了多级开路浮选和闭路浮选实验,最终确定采用一粗四精三扫工艺,捕收剂用量800g·t-1,起泡剂用量350g·t-1,获得银精矿品位6100g·t-1,银回收率8610%.     

用高梯度磁选从铝钒土浮选尾矿脱除铁、钛杂质的研究

研究用高梯度磁选的方法，对山西阳泉铝钒土浮选脱铁、钛后的泡沫产品进一步进行分选的可能性。结果表明，采用此方法，可以从废弃尾矿中提取合格的高铝钒土精矿，使浮选提纯铝钒土精矿的总产率和回收率提高。这为进一步合理利用矿产资源开辟了新途径。     

反相悬浮共聚合成聚丙烯酰胺的中试研究

以丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸钠为单体,采用反相悬浮自由基共聚的方法进行了合成阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的中试研究 ,并得到了分子量达 1.45×10 7的超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺。比较了中试与实验室小试两种情况下聚合条件的不同 ,确定了原料丙烯酰胺中金属杂质铜和铁的含量 ,研究了原料丙烯酰胺在有机络合物乙二胺四乙酸二钠 (EDTA)存在下与丙烯酸钠的共聚 ,并研究了中试条件下一些因素如引发剂浓度、脱水时间对产品分子量和溶解性能的影响。结果发现 ,在聚合体系中加入占丙烯酰胺质量 0.025 %的EDTA能显著提高聚丙烯酰胺的分子量 ,在本实验条件下 ,引发体系K2S2 O8-NaHSO3 的最佳用量是K2S2O8、NaHSO3 分别占单体质量的 0.05 % ;并且还发现 ,随着脱水时间的延长 ,聚丙烯酰胺的分子量和溶解性能均呈下降趋势。     

对苯二甲酸钠对赤泥沉降过程的影响

研究了铝土矿中的有机物对苯二甲酸钠对赤泥沉降性能的影响,考察了对苯二甲酸钠不同浓度条件下对赤泥沉降速度、溢流浮游物含量和底流压缩液固比的影响,同时考察了加入絮凝剂消除对苯二甲酸钠负面作用的条件.结果表明,对苯二甲酸钠和絮凝剂的浓度是影响赤泥沉降速度、溢流浮游物含量和底流压缩液固比的重要因素.对苯二甲酸钠对赤泥沉降速度的不利影响可被4种絮凝剂中的任何一种消除,其中A-600的作用最好;当对苯二甲酸钠质量浓度低于3.58 g/L时,4种絮凝剂可消除其对赤泥压缩比的影响.     

几种高分子絮凝剂的脱色性能比较

本文比较了3种高分子絮凝剂对5种阴离子模拟染料废水的脱色效果,考察了絮凝剂种类、用量、染料分子结构和分子量等因素对脱色率的影响.实验结果表明有机絮凝剂P(AM-DMC)的脱色效果优于无机絮凝剂PAC和PFS,但最佳用量范围比PAC和PFS窄;与P(AM-DMC)相比,染料分子结构和分子量对PAC和PFS的脱色率影响更大.     

Settling characteristics of ultrafine iron ore slimes

The slurry settling characteristics are the most important to design a thickener in process industries. In this work, the iron ore slurry from the screw classifier overflow was used for the settling study. It was observed that the original slurry exhibited a low settling velocity and a turbid supernatant during the settling process. Commercial flocculating agents with anionic, cationic, and nonionic characters were used to improve the settling behavior of suspensions, which were added into the slurry at different ranges of slurry pH values, respectively. The settling results show that the use of flocculants increase the settling rate by several times. Compared with the cationic and nonionic flocculants, the anionic flocculant is more effective in enhancing the slurry settling rate. The small dose of the anionic flocculant is found to be more effective, but the other flocculants are less effective even at higher dosages. The simulation of an industrial thickener was carried out based on the laboratory settling data, and the appropriate design and selection parameters of the industrial thickener were estimated.     

N-十二烷基-1,3-丙二胺在赤铁矿反浮选中的应用

通过单矿物试验考察了N-十二烷基-1,3-丙二胺(ND13)对赤铁矿和石英的浮选行为,结果表明,ND13对石英具有良好的捕收性能,在捕收剂用量为50mg/L,pH=7～10时,石英回收率达93%以上.人工混合矿分选试验结果表明,ND13对赤铁矿和石英质量比为1∶1(铁品位为35%)的人工混合矿具有一定的分选效果,在ND13用量为66.7mg/L,淀粉用量为6.67mg/L,pH=7.27的条件下,达到较好的分选效果,此时精矿中铁的回收率为86.35%,精矿的铁品位为62.78%,尾矿的铁品位为9.21%.动电位和红外光谱分析结果表明,ND13主要以静电和氢键作用在矿物表面发生吸附.     

微细粒混合磁选精矿分级—分散浮选试验研究

针对东鞍山混合磁选精矿进行了预先分级—强化分散浮选试验研究，同时结合沉降试验、动电位测试、浊度测试等分析了分选效果改善的原因.在最优条件下分级—分散浮选闭路试验可获得精矿铁品位66.24%、铁回收率79.47%的浮选指标，与单一分散浮选的闭路试验相比，精矿铁回收率提高了4.47%.沉降试验和浊度测试表明，分散剂柠檬酸及粒度组成均会影响赤铁矿-石英混合矿的分散特性，柠檬酸主要吸附在赤铁矿表面从而增大矿粒间的静电斥力，优化粒度组成实现窄级别浮选则会进一步减弱矿粒间的非选择性团聚(罩盖)，为后续浮选分离创造有利条件，这也与DLVO理论及团聚动力学的分析结果基本一致.     

安徽某铁矿山的絮凝沉降方案实验研究

安徽某铁矿山采用立式砂仓浓密沉降制备全尾砂原料膏体,制备过程出现了立式砂仓底流浓度低,溢流水跑浑等问题.为解决立式砂仓浓密存在的一系列问题,矿山拟采用深锥浓密机方案改造立式砂仓,需对全尾砂絮凝沉降方案开展实验研究.本次实验的絮凝沉降效果以上清液的澄清度、絮凝沉降底流浓度和沉降率三项指标综合考虑进行判断.实验第一步骤通过4种分子量的阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)沉降效果比较,优选出1 200万和1 600万的APAM最佳分子量方案;第二步骤实验确定最佳絮凝剂添加量,实验结果表明,分子量1 200万最佳添加量为10 g/t~20 g/t,分子量1 600万最佳添加量为20 g/t~30 g/t.本次絮凝沉降实验方法将全尾砂浆上清液的澄清度作为主要判断指标之一,满足了回水再利用的要求,对节约水资源和降低充填成本具有重要的意义.     

铝土矿反浮选新型阳离子有机硅类捕收剂QAS222

考察新型阳离子捕收剂有机硅季铵盐QAS222对一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石、伊利石4种单矿物及其混合物的浮选行为,并对其机理进行分析.研究结果表明,在碱性条件下,QAS222是铝土矿反浮选脱硅的有效捕收剂;在矿浆pH=ll和QAS222浓度为4×10-4 mol/L条件下,可实现不同铝硅比人工混合矿反浮选脱硅.高岭石、伊利石和叶蜡石零电点分别为3.4,3 0和2 5,一水硬铝石与QAS222作用后零电点由6.2提高至10.9;当QAS222浓度为4×10-4 mol/L时,4种矿物表面动电位随矿浆pH增加不同程度地先增加后减少,但在pH=2～12范围内,3种铝硅酸盐矿物动电位大于0V,证实了单矿物浮选实验结果;QAS222在高岭石、叶腊石和伊利石表面除发生静电吸附作用、氢键作用和铵吸附外,还发生化学吸附,使其牢固地吸附在矿物表面,并在广泛pH范围内保持较好可浮性;而当矿浆pH=ll时,QAS222与一水硬铝石作用较弱,很难形成表面吸附,导致其可浮性较差.     

高浓度味精废水预处理试验

采用絮凝法对味精高浓度有机废水进行了絮凝烧杯试验,讨论了絮凝剂的选择、投加量、pH值以及与有机高分子絮凝剂配合使用对絮凝效果的影响.研究结果表明:以自制的新型无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁(PFSS),用于万县高浓度味精废水处理表现出优良的絮凝性能,PFSS的最佳投药量为20 mg/L,最适pH值为7.5～8.0,在此条件下复合无机高分子絮凝剂PFSS对味精废水的CODcr去除率远远高于PFS和PAC,可达68%以上;浊度去除率为89.7%.此外,有机高分子絮凝剂的加入对PFSS的絮凝处理效果有增强作用.     

新型β-二酮配位剂用于制备高分子量速溶型聚丙烯酰胺

文章采用均聚共水解的方法,以丙烯酰胺为单体、Na2CO3为水解剂,β-二酮为配位剂,复合引发体剂体系下,制备了高分子量速溶型聚丙烯酰胺,研究了单体、引发剂、配位剂、pH值以及引发温度对反应速率和产物分子量的影响。结果表明,当单体、引发剂、配位剂的质量分数分别为25%、0.005%、0.05%,pH值为10.5,引发温度为15℃时,得到水解度为25%左右,重均分子量为1 900×104以上的高分子量速溶型阴离子部分水解聚丙烯酰胺。     

P（CMTC-AM-DMC）对Cu2＋的絮凝性能

采用分散聚合法合成壳聚糖-聚丙烯酰胺P（CMTC-AM-DMC）絮凝剂,研究了该絮凝剂投加量、pH、搅拌强度和时间等因素对Cu2＋的絮凝捕集性能,并与聚合氯化铝（PAC）以及实验自制的羧甲基硫脲基壳聚糖（CMTC）进行比较.结果表明：当Cu2＋质量浓度为20 mg· L-1,pH=6～8,搅拌强度为150 r·min-1时,投加20～40 mg·L-1的P（CMTC-AM-DMC）絮凝剂对Cu2＋的捕集率即可达到90％,PAC的用量为240 mg·L-1,pH为6时,对Cu2＋的捕集率为90％.CMTC的用量为1～2 mg·L-1,pH为6时,对Cu2＋的捕集率为80％～90％.