哺乳动物基因非翻译区开放阅读框架的分析

在所分析的5'UTR序列中约19%的序列在阅读框1下含有AUG,约22%和24%的序列分别在阅读框 2 和阅读框3下含有 AUG,而在 3'UTR序列当中,无论是在哪个阅读框下,约71%含有AUG.这些AUG绝大多数都是以小ORF的形式出现的;分析小ORF序列以及与它们相应的IC序列(阅读框间序列)长度,发现虽然3'UTR序列远远长于5'UTR序列,但是它们所包含的小ORF长度几乎没有差距,只是平均来说每一条3'UTR序列所包含的小ORF数量明显多于每一条5'UTR序列所包含的小ORF数量,而且dIC(下游阅读框间序列)比uIC(上游阅读框间序列)长很多,平均长50个碱基;第二类IC序列(UTR区相邻的两个阅读框之间的序列)的平均长度比其它两类IC序列(UTR区最后一个阅读框之后的序列)的平均长度小,而且又含有相对较多的终止密码;比较uORF序列与dORF序列密码子使用偏好的CAI值发现,尽管相差不大,但是无论在哪个阅读框下,uORF序列的CAI值都显著高于dORF序列的CAI值.     

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENCY OF FIVE BLUETONGUE VIRUSES

对蓝舌病毒(BTV)血清型2、11和13的双链RNA中L3基因的全序列进行了测定,该基因编码这种病毒的重要内壳蛋白质(VP3),应用前人测定的血清型10和17的BTV的L3基因序列,共5种美国存在的BTV的L3基因.该病毒的每种L3基因片断都有2772个核苷酸,包含一个开放读框(ORF).这个开放读框(ORF)编码由901个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,VP3(分子量103kD),其等电点为6.0.用这5种蓝舌病毒血清型的核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行分子系统学分析发现,BTV-2血清型与BTV-10、11、13和17的距离较远,美国的五种血清型BTV可分为两个不同的类群.     

五种蓝舌病毒的分子系统

对蓝舌病毒(BTV)血清型2、11和13的双链RNA中L3基因的全序列进行了测定，该基因编码这种病毒的重要内壳蛋白质(VP3)，应用前人测定的血清型10和17的BTV的L3基因序列，共5种美国存在的BTV的L3基因。该病毒的每种L3基因片断都有2772个核苷酸，包含一个开放读框(ORE)。这个开放读框(ORF)编码由901个氨基酸组成的蛋白质，VP3(分子量103kD)，其等电点为6.0。用这5种蓝舌病毒血清型的核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行分子系统学分析发现，BTV-2血清型与BTV-10、11、13和17的距离较远，美国的五种血清型BTV可分为两个不同的类群。     

Primary structure, gene organization and polypeptide expression of poliovirus RNA

The primary structure of the poliovirus genome has been determined. The RNA molecule is 7,433 nucleotides long, polyadenylated at the 3' terminus, and covalently linked to a small protein (VPg) at the 5' terminus. An open reading frame of 2,207 consecutive triplets spans over 89% of the nucleotide sequence and codes for the viral polyprotein NCVPOO. Twelve viral polypeptides have been mapped by amino acid sequence analysis and were found to be proteolytic cleavage products of the polyprotein, cleavages occurring predominantly at Gln-Gly pairs.     

A Tyr/Ser protein phosphatase encoded by vaccinia virus.

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is associated with alterations in receptor activity, cellular proliferation and modulation of the cell cycle. Inappropriate tyrosine phosphorylation can lead to unrestrained cell growth and oncogenesis. Enzymes important in tyrosine dephosphorylation have also been described. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) consist of two families. There is a receptor-like family of PTPases with an extracellular domain, transmembrane-spanning region and typically two repeated phosphatase domains. Proteins of the non-receptor-like family have a single catalytic phosphatase domain, show a substrate specificity for Tyr phosphate and will not hydrolyse Ser or Thr phosphate. Here we report that the vaccinia virus genome contains an open reading frame which shares amino-acid sequence identity with the PTPases. The purified protein encoded by the vaccinia virus H1 open reading frame expressed in bacteria hydrolyses substrates containing phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine. Mutagenesis of an essential Cys in the vaccinia phosphatase abolishes catalytic activity directed towards both substrates, suggesting that hydrolysis proceeds by a common mechanism. Understanding the function of the H1-encoded protein will help to define the role of the phosphatase in viral replication and pathogenesis.     

A superantigen encoded in the open reading frame of the 3' long terminal repeat of mouse mammary tumour virus.

Mice express a collection of superantigens, which bind to class II major histocompatibility proteins and interact with T cells bearing particular V beta chains as part of their alpha beta receptors. These superantigens have been suggested to be encoded by exogenous or endogenous mouse mammary tumour viruses. One such superantigen is now shown to be encoded in the open reading frame of the long terminal repeat of a mammary tumour virus, a gene of previously unknown function.     

一个在麻疯树根和茎高表达的Kunitz型蛋白酶抑制剂基因JcKTI具有抗虫活性

通过RT-PCR和PCR技术,从麻疯树基因组中克隆得到一个Kunitz型蛋白酶抑制剂基因（JcKTI）的开放阅读框序列。对应开放读码框的基因组序列不含有内含子。该开放阅读框长度为540bp,编码一个含有179个氨基酸残基的成熟多肽,具有典型的Kunitz家族结构特征。组织特异性表达研究显示,JcKTI基因在根和茎中的表达丰度最高,在叶片和种子中表达较低。构建原核表达载体pET32-JcKTI在大肠杆菌BL21中表达,获得纯化的重组蛋白,该蛋白显示出一定的抑制牛胰蛋白酶的活性。将该基因在烟草中过表达,明胶酶法和BAEE法的结果均显示转基因植物的蛋白提取物对胰蛋白酶具有一定抑制作用,进一步的抗虫实验结果表明转基因烟草叶片可使进食后的棉铃虫幼虫生长发育受阻,并减少对叶片的吞食。上述结果暗示JcKTI基因可能在麻疯树根和茎的抗虫应答中扮演着一定的角色。     

拟松材线虫两个HSP基因的克隆与分析

采用RACE(快速扩增cDNA末端)技术从拟松材线虫中克隆了HSP70蛋白编码基因mc2和HSP90蛋白编码基因mc19,两个基因的全长cDNA分别为2 067和1 222 bp。生物信息学分析结果表明：mc2基因的ORF为1 926 bp,推测的编码蛋白包含642个氨基酸,分子质量为170.85 ku,等电点为4.69。mc19基因的ORF为1 083 bp,推测的编码蛋白包含361个氨基酸,分子质量为97.70 ku,等电点为4.83。多序列比对和系统进化树结果分析都表明,拟松材线虫的mc2、mc19基因的编码蛋白与植物寄生线虫HSP70和HSP90蛋白具有较高的同源性,拟松材线虫和松材线虫之间的亲缘关系尤其密切。     

Clonal deletion of V beta 14-bearing T cells in mice transgenic for mammary tumour virus.

Autoreactive T lymphocytes are clonally deleted during maturation in the thymus. Deletion of T cells expressing particular receptor V beta elements is controlled by poorly defined autosomal dominant genes. A gene has now been identified by expression of transgenes in mice which causes deletion of V beta 14+ T cells. The gene lies in the open reading frame of the long terminal repeat of the mouse mammary tumour virus.     

Nucleotide sequence of RNA2 and polyprotein processing sites of a Chinese isolate of broad bean wilt virus 2

RNA2 of broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) isolate B935 is composed of 3601 nucleotide (nt) residues, exclusive of the polyadenylate at the 3' end. Only one of the six possible reading frames has a long open reading frame, which extends from nt 231 to nt 3428 in the polarity of encapsidated RNA, and encodes a polyprotein of 119 kD. The N-terminus of the large coat protein (LCP) is located at 599 nt and the small coat protein (SCP) at 197 nl from the C-terminus of the 119 kD protein, which suggests that the coat proteins are released from the polyprotein by cleavages of a glulamine-glycine (Q-G) and a glutamine-alanine (Q-A) bond respectively. The sequence comparison of B935 with fabaviruses shows that B935 has very high sequence homology with other BBWV2 isolates and with patchoul' mild mosaic virus, but has lower homology with BBWV1 isolates. B935 has a similar genomic organization, but a low sequence homology to RNA2 molecules of comoviruses and nepoviruses.     

Single base deletion in the vasopressin gene is the cause of diabetes insipidus in Brattleboro rats

In rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro rats) the gene for the vasopressin precursor lacks a single G residue in the protein-coding region. The mutation gives rise to an open reading frame predicting a hormone precursor having a different C-terminus.     

Molecular identification of the gene responsible for congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin) binds to and activates V2 receptors in renal collecting tubule cells. Subsequent stimulation of the Gs/adenylyl cyclase system promotes insertion of water pores into the luminal membrane and thereby reabsorption of fluid. In congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI), an X-linked recessive disorder, the kidney fails to respond to arginine vasopressin. Here we report that an affected male of a family with CNDI has a deletion in the open reading frame of the V2 receptor gene, causing a frame shift and premature termination of translation in the third intracellular loop of the receptor protein. A normal receptor gene was found in the patient's brother. Both the normal and the mutant allele were detected in his mother. A different mutation, causing a codon change in the third transmembrane domain of the V2 receptor, was found in the open reading frame of an affected male but not in the unaffected brother belonging to another family suffering from CNDI.     

鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒ICR489基因序列分析

报道了鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒 (ISKNV)的ICR489基因结构及其序列分析。对ISKNVDNAKpnⅠB酶切片段的序列分析结果发现该序列中含有完整的ICR489基因。ISKNVICR489基因完整读码框为 10 11bp ,GC含量为 5 6 97% ,等电点为 6 82 ,编码一个长为 337aa、相对分子质量为 382 70的推定蛋白。结构分析发现该基因起始密码子上游具有启动子元件TATAbox,有反向重复序列可形成茎环 ,并有一段回文序列。ISKNV与其它 3种虹彩病毒 (FV3、RRV和LCDV_1)的ICR489基因氨基酸序列具有一定的同源性 ,但ISKNV与它们的同源性不高 ,序列比较和系统树分析发现ISKNV与蛙病毒属和淋巴囊肿病毒属的病毒都不尽相同     

甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒（SeMNPV）gp 37基因的克隆及序列分析

通过鸟枪法克隆了甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒（SeMNPV)基因组DNA EcoR I酶切的2．2kb片段,序列分析表明,该片段含有gp37基因,SeMNPV gp37基因的开放阅读框为801个核苷酸,编码268个氨基酸,预测蛋白质相对分子质量为30400,在gp37基因起始密码子上游有一典型的杆状病毒晚期基因启动子序列ATAAG,同其它昆虫杆状病毒和昆虫痘病毒GP37／Fusolin蛋白的比较结果表明,SeMNPV GP37与已知gp37/fusolin基因的氨基酸序列同源性较高（50－68％）,在其蛋白序列内存在类似的保守区和可能的N－连接糖基化位点,在SeMNPV gp37基因下游存在一个完整阅读框和部分get基因序列。     

Isolation and Characterization of Phytoene Desaturase cDNA from Stigma of Crocus sativus

Phytoene desatumse (PDS) has recently been identified as an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. A cDNA clone encoding phytoene desaturase gene is isolated from stigma of saffron (Crocus sativus L. ) using RT-PCR technique. Sequence analysis shows 85% similarity to Narcissus pseudonarcissus, 79% to Zea mays, 78% to Arabidopsis thaliana, 77% to Lycopersicon esculentum. A new full-length cDNA is obtained by 5 ‘-RACE and 3‘ -RACE techniques. The cDNA is 2149bp long with an open reading frame of 1697bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 565 amino acids. Southern analy-sis shows that the PDS gene is a single copy in saffron. Northern blot analysis shows higher expression level of PDS gene in stigma and anther than in leaves and stem.     

Human cytomegalovirus UL97 open reading frame encodes a protein that phosphorylates the antiviral nucleoside analogue ganciclovir.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV, a betaherpes virus) is the cause of serious disease in immunologically compromised individuals, including those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. One of the compounds used in the chemotherapy of HCMV infections is the nucleoside analogue 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)-guanine (ganciclovir). The mechanism of action of this drug is dependent on the formation of the nucleoside triphosphate, which is a strong inhibitor of the viral DNA polymerase. Thymidine kinase, which is encoded by many of the herpesviruses, catalyses the initial phosphorylation of ganciclovir. But there is no evidence for the coding of this enzyme by HCMV, and DNA sequence analysis of the HCMV genome has shown that there is no open reading frame characteristic of a herpesvirus thymidine kinase. Here we present biochemical and immunological evidence that the HCMV UL97 open reading frame codes for a protein capable of phosphorylating ganciclovir. This protein seems to be responsible for the selectivity of ganciclovir and will be useful tool in the understanding and refinement of the antiviral activity of new selective anti-HCMV compounds.     

大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）RPS24基因cDNA克隆及序列分析

本研究运用RT—PCR技术,首次从大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）的肌肉组织总RNA中成功克隆了RPS 24（Ribosomal Protein S24）基因的表达序列,并对其进行了测序及初步分析．结果表明：大熊猫RPS24基因的表达序列全长为431bp,开放阅读框（ORF）为399bp,编码132个氨基酸的蛋白质,该蛋白的分子量为15．3251kD,pI为10．92,含有7种类型共14个功能位点：即1个N-糖基化位点、2个cAMP和cGMP依赖性蛋白激酶磷酸化位点、6个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、1个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、3个N-酰基化位点、1个酰胺化位点及1个RPS 24e signature．进一步分析发现,大熊猫RP524基因与已报道的人、牛、苏门答腊猩猩、褐家鼠和小家鼠5个哺乳动物物种的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列具有很高的相似性：编码序列同源性分别为94．1％、92．4％、94．7％、89．9％和90．4％;与人RPS24蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性为98．48％,其余均为99．24％．