不同材料导电纱线针织柔性传感器的传感性能

为满足集成针织柔性传感器的智能无缝内衣对于传感性能的要求,结合提花添纱编织技术,采用不同导电纱线作为原材料制备了不同传感区尺寸的针织柔性传感器.通过定伸长拉伸试验考察了针织柔性传感器的电阻-应变关系及重现性,并采用正交试验分析了影响传感器灵敏系数的因素.结果表明,当针织柔性传感器的应变小于15%时,不同线密度的镀银锦纶丝、镀铜锦纶丝针织柔性传感器的电阻与应变均呈线性关系,其重现性良好,适宜作为编织针织柔性传感器的导电材料.影响镀银锦纶丝传感器灵敏系数的显著性因素依次为:镀银锦纶丝线密度、横列数、横列数与纵行数的交互作用,在设计传感区尺寸时,横列数比纵行数更为重要.含铜腈纶纱和含铜腈纶/涤纶混纺纱针织柔性传感器的电阻与应变只在小应变(≤2%)时才能满足线性关系,因此不能作为导电材料用于针织柔性传感器的编织.     

聚苯胺导电水凝胶基柔性应变传感器的制备

以蒙脱土改性聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶为基底,通过苯胺预渗透方法制备聚苯胺浓度梯度分布的聚苯胺/改性蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺（PANI/DCM/PAM）导电水凝胶（PDPG）,重点考察力学性能和应变传感性能。结果表明：壳聚糖改性蒙脱土的分散液稳定性明显提高;苯胺预渗透5 s、脱水5 h所得PDPG水凝胶的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到194 kPa和685%;改变苯胺预渗透时间可以调控PDPG水凝胶的导电性能和传感性能;当应变为0~400%时,PDPG水凝胶的灵敏度（GF）最高值为7.02。基于PDPG导电水凝胶的柔性应变传感器能够实现对人体全尺度运动的监测,并具有很好的循环稳定性。     

基于FLRDS的双路复用微位移传感系统设计

针对目前光纤环形腔衰荡光谱技术多用于测量单一通道或者单一物理量的问题,依据双通道同步检测的思想,在传感系统中结合延迟线方法,搭建了基于光纤环形腔衰荡光谱技术的双路复用微位移传感系统,并对其重复性、灵敏度、复用性等特性进行了实验研究。结果表明:该系统可在双通道条件下分别实现0～10位移测量,且在未发生位移时两路传感器的重复性测试结果分别为(0.950 080 6±0.001 151)μs~(-1)和(0.953 523±0.001 757)μs~(-1);当两路传感分别产生6 mm和5 mm的位移时,重复性测试参数变化为(0.955 884±0.001 966 4)μs~(-1)和(0.959 957±0.002 013)μs~(-1);双路传感器的灵敏度分别为(1.07×10~(-3)±7.337×10~(-5))μs~(-1)·mm~(-1)和(1.00×10~(-3)±4.130×10~(-5))μs~(-1)·mm~(-1).经实验验证,双路传感器的相对误差分别为2.1%,4.0%,可为实现多参数同步检测提供一种有效的途径和方法。     

碳纤维复合材料单向层合板自传感特性

通过测试碳纤维/环氧复合材料(CFRP)单向层合板单轴拉伸和循环拉伸时的电阻变化,研究了碳纤维复合材料单向层合板自传感特性.结果表明:不同铺层方向CFRP单向层合板拉伸时体积电阻变化特性各不相同,该电阻变化特性比应力、应变能更多地反映有关材料内部结构变化的信息;CFRP单向层合板具有压阻效应,压阻效应随着应力的增加而增加,偏轴拉伸、横向拉伸时压阻效应比纵向拉伸时要大,且随铺层方向角的增大,压阻效应越来越明显.利用CFRP单向层合板这种自传感特性,可实现在线实时自监测以及对其损伤、破坏的自诊断.     

石墨烯/PAN纳米复合膜的制备及其力学性能

以改进的Hummer法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),并以抗坏血酸(L-AA)为还原剂制备了还原性氧化石墨烯(rGO).以石墨烯为添加物,采用静电纺丝的方法制备了石墨烯/聚丙烯腈(GO/PAN)纳米纤维复合膜.使用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱以及热重分析对石墨烯进行了研究,测试了石墨烯对纳米复合纤维材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:当添加的GO质量分数为0.3%时,纺制的纤维平均直径为103nm,复合膜的力学性能有所提高,比纯PAN膜的拉伸强度提高了42.4%,断裂伸长率增加了32.5%;当GO质量分数超过0.3%时,复合膜的力学性能变差;当GO和rGO质量分数均为0.3%时,GO/PAN复合膜的力学性能优于rGO/PAN复合膜.     

基于柔性导电膜传感技术的边坡稳定性试验研究

为了验证基于柔性导电膜技术在监测砂土边坡工程中应用的可行性,设计了一系列滑坡模型试验,主要以自身重力为触发机制,使其产生瞬间滑移,在边坡破坏瞬间分析砂土边坡中柔性导电膜电阻的变化规律.试验主要使用涂有柔性导电膜的机敏土工筋带监测砂土边坡破坏瞬间的电阻变化情况,以期通过该试验了解砂土边坡变形在滑坡发生时柔性导电膜电阻值的变化规律,并从一定程度上验证机敏土工筋带在监测砂土边坡稳定性以及滑动面确定的可行性.     

PVC凝胶驱动及CNT/PDMS传感一体化柔性抓手的研究

鉴于目前关于的软体机器人的研究大多仅致力于软活性材料的驱动功能研究、而且忽视传感功能的研究，研究一款集驱动与传感一体化的柔性抓手机器人。首先研究PVC凝胶驱动器结构设计与制备工艺，然后研究CNT/PDMS柔性传感结构的制造工艺，在此基础上，以PVC凝胶驱动器作为柔性抓手的驱动单元，以CNT/PDMS立体结构作为柔性抓手的传感单元，设计出一款具有驱动与传感一体化的功能结构，并对该功能结构进行测试。研究结果表明：在施加800 V直流电压下单根手指的弯曲角度可达32.5°。在400V直流电压驱动下，由两根柔性手指构成的抓手能够抓取直径为15 mm、邵氏硬度分别为10-20、30-50的易变形的硅橡胶圆柱体；在抓取不同硬度的圆柱体时，CNT/PDMS的电阻变化率亦不同，表明CNT/PDMS柔性传感结构可以感知抓取物体的软硬度，证明了本研究关于驱动及传感一体化结构设计的可行性，本文的研究为后续软体机器人的设计及制造提供参考。     

碳纳米纤维调控粉煤灰基地质聚合物力学/传感性能优化

采用物理混合法向粉煤灰基地质聚合物中加入碳纳米纤维(CNF),制备不同CNF质量分数(0～2.0%)的粉煤灰基地质聚合物复合材料。通过对粉煤灰基地质聚合物复合材料微结构、力学性能、电学性能及传感性能进行研究,揭示CNF调控粉煤灰基地质聚合物力学与传感性能的具体演变规律,并对CNF质量分数为0.5%的复合材料进行循环稳定性实验及方差稳定性量化分析。研究结果表明：当CNF添加量增加时,粉煤灰基地质聚合物的弹性模量和抗弯强度皆显著提升;当CNF质量分数为0.5%和2.0%时,复合材料的弹性模量分别提升到1.35 MPa和0.23 MPa,抗弯强度分别提升到3.9 MPa和0.32 MPa;此外,随CNF质量分数增加,复合材料的电阻率随之降低,当CNF质量分数达到2.0%时,复合材料的电阻率降低到46Ω·m,CNF的添加有利于粉煤灰基地质聚合物导电能力提升;在单向加压实验条件下,当CNF质量分数为0.5%、1.0%和2.0%时,复合材料的传感灵敏度分别为71.56、57.33与25.58,随着CNF的加入量不断增大,粉煤灰基地质聚合物的传感灵敏度先增后减,通过实验判断CNF质量分数阈值可能为0...     

石墨烯晶体管研究进展

针对集成电路的特征尺寸小于10nm以下所面临的短沟道效应、隧道效应和制造工艺限制困难引发的研究热点——石墨烯能否替代硅,着重从数字晶体管、射频晶体管和柔性透明晶体管3个方面概括和分析了新型石墨烯晶体管的发展现状。分析认为:石墨烯平行纳米带阵列结构和异质结结构有望打开石墨烯禁带以实现大的电流开关比,将是石墨烯数字晶体管的研究热点;通过降低接触电阻、接入电阻以及衬底、栅介质的匹配来提高截止频率和最大振荡频率将是石墨烯射频晶体管的主要发展趋势;基于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)衬底和离子凝胶栅介质的柔性制造技术,最有希望在保证石墨烯高迁移率的基础之上实现全石墨烯透明柔性电路,使石墨烯晶体管得以实用,必将对集成电路行业产生巨大影响。     

2.45GHz柔性微带天线的设计及传感特性

设计一种共面波导馈电的2.45 GHz柔性微带天线, 通过在高频结构仿真(HFSS)软件中构建3层人体组织模型（皮肤 脂肪 肌肉）, 仿真分析人体组织对天线关键参数的影响, 优化柔性天线的结构参数, 并研究柔性微带天线在弯曲状态下的传感性能. 测试结果表明: 天线中心频率在2.40 GHz处的回波损耗为-26 dB, 工作频带为2 030~2 770 MHz; 天线弯曲时中心频率发生偏移, 可应用于测量弯曲状态下的不同曲率半径.     

A facile and cost-effective approach to fabrication of high performance pressure sensor based on graphene-textile network structure

High performance flexible pressure sensors have received tremendous attention due to the potential applications in wearable electronics and humanoid robotics. Herein, a low-cost, time-saving fabrication strategy is reported to efficiently construct highly sensitive and scalable pressure sensors based on graphene-textile. The flexible pressure sensor was prepared through a dip coating approach where the graphene ink was used as the active material and textile with ordered network structure, serves as the flexible support matrix. By increasing the number of layers of the textile, the pressure sensor could achieve a high linear sensitivity value of 0.23 kPa⁻¹, a broad pressure range from 0 to 140 kPa, and a durability over 800 cycles. It was found that the network structure of the graphene-textile contributed to the enhancement of the sensing performance due to the piezoresistive effect resulting from the deformation of conductive graphene-textile. Moreover, by virtue of its exceptional properties, it is demonstrate that the high performance flexible pressure sensor could be further used to detect human physiological signals, such as wrist pulse, finger press detection and walking state monitoring, indicating its promising potential to flexible and wearable electronics.     

柔性飘带长度对Ahmed模型气动阻力的影响

为降低汽车行驶过程中的气动阻力,以尾部倾角为25°的Ahmed类车体模型为研究对象,提出在其尾部垂直面下边缘添加不同长度柔性飘带的控制方法,采用格子玻尔兹曼方法与有限元分析相结合的流固耦合计算方法,探讨了柔性飘带长度对汽车气动阻力的影响。首先对汽车模型进行格子尺度优化,得到模型的空气阻力系数;然后研究了柔性飘带对汽车气动阻力的影响;最后对模型尾部流场、柔性飘带附近流场以及模型尾部表面压力系数进行了分析。仿真结果表明：在模型尾部添加适当长度的柔性飘带,改善了尾流结构,提升了尾部表面压力,减小了车体的压差阻力,减阻率最高为12.25%。     

基于恒电流源的电阻式气敏传感器检测系统

为保证电阻式气敏元件的高精度检测,设计了一种基于恒流源的气体浓度检测系统。该系统利用恒电流源,使传感元件电阻与电压变化呈线性关系,以提高气敏元件阻值随
气体浓度变化的准确度。恒电流源包括基准稳压电源、电流负反馈电路、稳压二极管和待测气敏元件。经过参数整定,其测电阻范围可达0～1 000 kΩ,平均测量误差小于0.027 2%。利用SnO2传感器检测浓度为0～2 05357 mg/m³的乙醇气体,测量出传感器电阻随浓度增加呈e指数下降趋势,系统最大测量误差小于±1.5%。     

Highly Sensitive and Portable Gas Sensing System Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide

Graphene has been widely used in gas-sensing applications due to its large specific surface area and strong adsorption ability. Among different forms of graphene used as gas-sensing materials, reduced graphene oxide is one of the most convenient and economical materials to integrate with Si-based electronics, which is very important to graphene-based gas sensors. In addition, the stacking structure of graphene oxide flakes facilitates absorption and detection of gas molecules. Based on reduced graphene oxide, a highly sensitive and portable gas-sensing system was demonstrated here. Solution-based graphene oxide was cast on a chip like a TF memory card and then reduced thermally. A signal acquisition system was designed to monitor resistance variation as a sign of gas concentration. This miniature graphene-based gas sensor array demonstrates a new path for the use of graphene in gas-detection technologies. And the creation of a sensitive and portable graphene gas sensor also shows great potential in fields such as medicine and environmental science.     

Highly stretchable,sensitive and wide linear responsive fabric-based strain sensors with a self-segregated carbon nanotube (CNT)/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating

Flexible strain sensors have received increasing attention with the development of wearable electronic devices. However, integrating wide strain detection range, high sensitivity while maintaining relatively wide linear response range for such sensor system still remain a challenge. A fabric based flexible sensor (S-CNT/PDMS-F) was designed and fabricated, and the sensor can simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, wide linear response and strain detection range by combining self-segregated carbon nanotube (CNT)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites and elastic medical bandage. It has been observed that this new sensor system can achieve a high sensitivity with a gauge factor of 615, a large linear responsive range of 0–100% strain (R² ?= ?0.993) and a wide strain detection range of ～ 200%, which is superior to almost all the reported CNT/PDMS flexible strain sensors. Compared to the similar fabric based strain sensor system deploying non self-segregated structure (C-CNT/PDMS-F), our S-CNT/PDMS-F demonstrates higher electrical conductivity and lower electrical percolation threshold and response time of 55 ?ms, as well as more stable and repeatable performance under cyclic loading conditions. The capability of the sensors in monitoring physiological activities and weight distribution has also been demonstrated.     

GaAs原子链耦合石墨烯电子输运性质的理论计算

基于密度泛函理论,运用非平衡格林函数对(GaAs)_4原子链耦合石墨烯纳米条带的电子输运性质进行了第一性原理计算,结果发现通过改变原子链与石墨烯之间的距离可以有效调制系统的电子传输行为.当(GaAs)_4原子链与石墨烯之间的距离d在0.10~0.28nm的范围内变化时,石墨烯、原子链上各自的电子传输要相互影响,且系统的平衡电导在2G_0~7G_0之间发生G_0(G_0=2e~2/h)整数倍的变化,即表现出量子化电导现象;当d0.28nm时,总的电导等于各自的电导之和,此时(GaAs)_4原子链与石墨烯之间的耦合很弱,各自的电子输运相互影响很小.     

Effect of Dip Coating Process on the Performance of Graphene/Spandex Yarn Strain Sensor

This study presented the effect of the concentration of graphene in the dispersion,the type of polyvinyl alcohol( PVA) and the surfactant on the sensing properties of dip-coated graphene/spandex yarns as resistance strain sensors. Experimental results showed that the addition of styrene-acrylic emulsion surfactant facilitates the dispersion of graphene and then improves the conductivity and sensing performance,and the sensitivity is up to 91. The conductivity and sensing properties of graphene/spandex yarns at 2% graphene dispersion are better than those at 1% graphene dispersion. When the conductive yarn treated by 2% graphene dispersion is stretched to 50%, the sensitivity is up to 29, the repeatability is good,and the hysteresis is low. In terms of the binding agent,PVA as a high alcoholysis and large polymerization decreases the sensitivity,repeatability as well as the hysteresis.     

采用柔性铰链罗伯威尔结构的石英谐振式力传感器

介绍了一种采用柔性铰链构成的罗伯威尔结构和ＡＴ－切精密石英谐振器组成的石英谐振式力传感器。柔性铰链无间隙、无机械摩擦、充分体现材料的性能,传感器只由弹性体和谐振器两个部分组成,力的传递环节少,误差小可靠性高。通过调整柔性铰链的尺寸,可以得到不同量程的传感器。解决了整体式石英谐振式力传感器加工困难、成本高和组合式环节多、精度不高的缺点,为石英谐振式力传感器找到了一种较为合适的结构,使石英本身优良的性能得到发挥。研制了精度较高、成本较低、数字量输出的石英谐振式力传感器,并且给出了传感器的精度指标。     

MgO掺杂SnO2甲醛传感器的气敏性能

用MgO掺杂SnO₂材料(SnO₂/MgO)研制了旁热式甲醛传感器,采用紫外光激发的方式使传感器能在室温下工作.利用X射线衍射仪、热场发射扫描电镜、比表面积与孔隙率分析仪对SnO₂和SnO₂/MgO材料进行了物相组成、微观形貌的表征和比表面积的测定,并在不同退火温度、不同紫外光照射强度下对传感器进行了性能测试.结果表明:掺杂后的材料比表面积更大、吸附能力更强,当退火温度为650 ℃、紫外光照射强度为1.75 mW/cm2时SnO₂/MgO传感器的灵敏度最好.在以相同体积分数的O₂、C₂H₆O作为干扰气体时,SnO₂/MgO气敏传感器对甲醛具有良好的选择性.研究结果为探索高灵敏的甲醛检测新技术提供了参考.