棉织物的阳离子改性及其紫甘蓝色素的染色

为研究天然色素对纺织物的染色与着色,本文以紫甘蓝色素为例,以正交试验法研究了棉织物的阳离子改性工艺以及紫甘蓝色素对改性棉织物的染色性能,测定了改性前后棉织物的上染率、表观色深值、耐洗牢度和耐摩擦牢度。结果表明:棉织物经阳离子改性后染色性能有了较大程度的改善,改性的最佳条件为:阳离子改性剂FK-316的用量(质量百分比)为10%,处理温度为60℃,时间是45 min,pH值为10。在最佳改性条件下紫甘蓝色素染织物的上染率为54.8%,K/S值达到8.1,耐洗牢度和耐晒牢度均提高1~2级。     

百花湖沉积物孔隙水中溶解有机质的光谱特性

运用紫外-可见吸收光谱法和分子荧光光谱法对云贵高原水库之一的百花湖中的天然溶解有机质(DOM)进行研究.试验显示百花湖沉积物孔隙水DOM的荧光指数处于1.43～1.76之间,从总体而言f450/f500值更接近于1.5;百花湖孔隙水DOM的R3/E4值范围在2-5之间,绝大多数在2～3之间,现位于水流上游2、3号点以及中游的5号点的E3/E4值最大;对沉积物孔隙水DOM在254 nm和280 nm处吸光度值的分布特征进行研究,推断出溶解有机碳(DOC)浓度从大到小的采样点依次是8＞6＞1＞7＞5＞10＞9＞4＞3＞2;百花湖沉积物孔隙水DOM的3D-EEM均出现4个明显的荧光峰,峰A和C为类紫外区和可见光腐殖酸荧光,峰B和D为类富里酸荧光;荧光峰强度除个别样品外大体上随着沉积深度的增加,荧光峰强度呈上升趋势;百花湖的r(A/C)值在0.57～0.71之间,r(D/B)值在0.66～0.92之间,与r(A/C)比较接近,且均随着沉积物深度而下降,所以百花湖沉积物孔隙水中r(D/B)与r(A/C)值之间有着一定的相关性.结果表明百花湖沉积物孔隙水DOM中的腐殖质主要来源于陆源输入,沉积物间隙水的DOM的富里酸与腐殖酸物质可能有相同的来源,或者两者结构有特殊关系;百花湖长期主要受到点源污染而非面源污染,而且在过去很长一段时间和现在工业发展的时期污染源的地点和程度有所不同,污染源发生了转移.     

胃蛋白酶对CdS纳米粒子的表面修饰及分析应用

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂及表面修饰剂,在水溶液中合成了平均粒径为10 nm左右的CdS纳米粒子,用胃蛋白酶改变CdS纳米粒子的表面修饰状态并研究了其系列特性.CdS纳米粒子在292 nm附近有强的紫外吸收,有524.8 nm的荧光发射,胃蛋白酶对其表面修饰后,紫外吸收峰位不变,荧光峰位蓝移至462.4 nm,荧光强度降低.温度及pH值对表面修饰产生影响.在最佳实验条件下,胃蛋白酶质量浓度在2～20 mg/L范围内与荧光降低值之间成线性关系,检测限 (3σ) 为0.13　mg/L (n=10),方法可用于人体胃液胃蛋白酶的测定.     

芘有机硼化合物的合成及对氟离子的识别

通过在硼原子上引入大体积的芳香取代基合成稳定的含芘二米基硼化合物(Ⅰ)。经紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析,研究其光物理性质及对F-的识别性质。结果表明:化合物具有较强的蓝色荧光发射,在四氢呋喃(THF)中荧光峰位为428 nm;由弱极性溶剂正己烷(荧光峰位在413 nm处)到强极性溶剂乙腈(荧光峰位在435 nm处),化合物荧光光谱峰值红移22 nm,荧光量子产率由0.98降为0.68;将四丁基氟化铵逐渐滴加入化合物Ⅰ的THF溶液中,其吸收光谱和荧光光谱均伴有旧峰消失和新峰出现的现象:吸收光谱的旧峰在383和399 nm处,新峰出现在324、338和353 nm处;荧光光谱的旧峰在429 nm处,新峰出现在385和403 nm处;继续滴加四丁基氰化铵,其吸收光谱和荧光光谱均无明显变化。     

叶绿素镁钠敏化纳米TiO_2光电性能的研究

从新鲜竹叶中提取叶绿素并进行改性制备叶绿素镁钠(Chl-Mg Na).以纳米二氧化钛作为光阳极,以叶绿素镁钠作为光敏剂,构建染料敏化太阳能电池.对敏化剂进行红外表征,并进行红外归属.同时对敏化剂进行紫外可见光测试,光谱图中402 nm、654 nm处峰分别归属于S0→S2和π→π能级的跃迁.以四苯基卟啉(H2TPP)为参照物进行荧光量子效率计算,得到量子产率Φ=0.31.探讨敏化剂的p H值、浓度、温度、敏化时间对太阳能电池光电转化率的影响,寻找各变量的最佳值,光电转换率可达0.316%.     

光降解柠檬酸酸洗废水的机理

针对高浓度柠檬酸酸洗废水的光降解过程,以水杨酸为羟基自由基(·OH)捕获剂,通过紫外分光光度法检测产物2,3-二羟基苯甲酸在510 nm处的吸光度,以证实·OH的存在。以对苯二甲酸为·OH捕获剂,315 nm为激发波长,利用荧光分光光度法测定2-羟基对苯二甲酸在425 nm处的荧光强度,间接测定柠檬酸酸洗废水中·OH的浓度。检测结果表明:利用1stopt v1.5软件中的拟牛顿法和通用全局优化法对试验结果进行拟合,得出决定因数DC=0.993 2,说明水杨酸的光解过程较好地符合两步一级反应模型,证实光降解过程中有·OH产生。对苯二甲酸浓度为4×10~(-5)mol/L时,荧光强度与反应时间线性关系较好(R~2=0.999 8),即光照过程中·OH的浓度约为4×10~(-5)mol/L。     

稀土铕配合物在荧光防伪油墨中的应用

以铕离子(Eu3+)为中心,以苯甲酰丙酮(BZA)、苯甲酸(BA)、邻菲咯啉(Phen)为配体,在无水乙醇中合成了三元配合物Eu(BZA)3Phen与Eu(BA)3Phen.配合物的紫外可见光谱与红外光谱分析表明配体与铕离子发生配位,合成了三元配合物.研究配合物的荧光性能,发现Eu(BZA)3Phen的相对荧光强度大于Eu(BA)3Phen.将荧光强度高的Eu(BZA)3Phen作为荧光剂制备了荧光防伪油墨.荧光防伪油墨的荧光性能显示,油墨与配合物Eu(BZA)3Phen发射波长相同,均为612,nm.荧光防伪油墨在可见光下无色,在紫外灯下呈现红色,可用于防伪包装印刷.     

1-(3,4-二羟基苯甲酰基)芘的合成及其对硼酸的双重光谱响应

以芘和3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酰氯为原料,经酰基化、脱甲基反应合成了1-(3,4-二羟基苯甲酰基)芘;采用荧光光谱法和紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究了硼酸与1-(3,4-二羟基苯甲酰基)芘的相互作用.结果表明:硼酸使1-(3,4-二羟基苯甲酰基)芘在波长366 nm的吸光度减小、吸收峰蓝移至344 nm,379和399 nm处的荧光增强,其吸光度(366 nm)减小的程度和荧光(379 nm)增强的程度与硼酸的浓度均具有良好的线性关系.对反应机理进行了初步探讨,认为溶液中硼酸以B(OH)4-形式与1-(3,4-二羟基苯甲酰基)芘分子中的邻位酚羟基结合形成1∶2络合物.     

含萘环苯并唑类共聚物的合成及物理性能

以萘二酸、对苯二甲酸、4,6-二氨基间苯二酚盐酸盐进行共缩聚,合成一系列含有不同萘环含量的聚(亚苯基苯并二噁唑-co-亚萘基苯并二噁唑)共聚物。利用红外光谱、X-射线衍射、紫外-可见吸收光谱、分子荧光光谱等研究聚合物的形态、热物理性能及紫外荧光性能。结果表明:引入萘环后,聚合物分子链仍然保持有序的晶体结构和高耐热性,聚合物的热分解温度保持在550℃以上,800℃下的残炭率达到70%以上。聚合物在甲基磺酸中的紫外吸收及聚合物薄膜的荧光发射光谱均出现红移现象。     

Tb~(3+)@PMo_(12)O_(40)~(3-)混合溶液对维生素C的紫外-可见/荧光双光谱检测

基于稀土Tb~(3+)优异的绿色荧光性质及多酸PMo_(12)O_(40)~(3-)可逆的变色性质设计了Tb~(3+)@PMo_(12)O_(40)~(3-)混合溶液对维生素C定量检测的紫外-可见/荧光探针.将不同浓度的维生素C加入到Tb~(3+)@PMo_(12)O_(40)~(3-)溶液中,在864nm处的吸光度随维生素C的浓度的增加呈线性降低,在546nm处的荧光强度随维生素C的浓度的增加呈对数降低;分别以864nm处的吸光度、546nm处的荧光强度的对数对维生素C的浓度做图,得到维生素C检测的线性方程,检出限分别为0.041 4,0.036 3μmol/L.     

Fabrication of cotton nano-powder and its textile application

A combination of chemical and mechanical treatment of cotton produced cotton powder （fibrils） with a mean diameter of 97 nm is analyzed by Laser Particle Size Analyzer. Transmission Electron Micro- scope （TEM） study showed that the diameter of the fibrils was about 10--30 nm and the length was from 70nm to over 400 nm. The powder was then coated onto fabrics （100% polyester fabric, 100% wool fabric and 100% cotton fabric）. Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） study showed that cotton fibrils were adhered to the surface of treated fabrics （fibers）. The ultraviolet protection factor （UPF） value （AS/NZS 4399： 1996） for cotton fabrics increased about 20% after the treatment. This implies that the treated samples give a better protection from UV light. The moisture management test （MMT） of the fabrics such as wetting time at bottom, top maximum absorption rate, bottom maximum absorption rate, bottom maximum wetted radius and bottom spreading speed, et ah, showed that there were significant changes after the treatment. These changes gave better moisture management ability to the treated fabrics and thus made the fabric more comfortable. However, Wide-angle X-ray Diffraction and Fourie Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis proved that supermolecular structure and chemical struc- ture of treated fabrics were the same as the original fabrics. Other properties of the treated fabric such as thermal conductivity, wrinkle recovery, hand, et al., did not change. This implied that the basic func- tion of the treated fabrics for the clothing industry was the same as untreated fabrics. This study is a foundation for further researches on textile application.     

Application of Acid Dyestuffs with Different Molecule Structure in Combined Dyeing and Finishing of Cotton Fabric

Simultaneous dyeing and durable press finishing of cotton fabrics with acid dyes bearing the different molecule structure and durable press finishing agent （DP agent abbr. ） based on modified DMDHEU were investigated by using the pad-dry-cure process. Some factors affecting the process, such as structure of acid dyes, DP agent, catalysts and curing temperature were discussed. The dyed and finished fabrics were evaluated with respect to color strength, fixation, crease recovery angle, breaking strength and fastness properties. The results indicate that structure of acid dyes has a striking effect on the color strength of dyed and finished cotton fabric. The color strength and dry crease recovery angle of dyed and finished cotton fabric increases, whereas breaking strength decreases with increasing concentration of DP agent. It is necessary for ammonium nitrate to serve as catalyst. It is found that relatively satisfactory properties of dyed and finished cotton fabric can be obtained with appropriate adjustment of treating conditions.     

Film Morphology, Emulsification of Dodecyl/Carboxyl Modified Polysiloxane and Its Application Performance on Cotton Fabrics

The film morphology of dodecyl/carboxyl modified polysiioxane (RCAS) on cotton fabric or the silicon wafer was investigated and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM ),atomic force microscope ( AFM ),and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR).Experimental results indicate that RCAS is a good film forming material on different substrates.Relatively smooth film was formed on cotton fabric surface,on which the grooves disappeared.In addition,RCAS formed a micromorphology inhomogeneous and unsmooth film on the silicon wafer.Many high or low bright peaks distributed randomly on the film surface,especially as the field was 2μm ×2 μmand the date scale was 5 nm in AFM observation.Then RCAS was emulsified with nonionic surfactant alkyl polyoxyethylene ether in order to achieve a transparent organosilicon emulsion-RCAS emulsion ( RCSE),which possessed good stability.The properties of RCSE and its application performance on cotton fabrics were investigated and characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM),particle size analysis,and voltage test instrument.The results show that the average particle size of RCAS emulsion is 28.32 nm,while the ζ voltage is - 37.88 mV.Compared with untreatd cotton fabric,the.softness of treated fabric can be improved with RCSE to a certain extent.At the.same time,the fabric treated with RCSE acquires unique fluffy and soft handle.     

Influences of Cotton Fabric Treatments on Human Physical Responses during Exercise and Recovery

We investigated the influences of liquid water transfer property of cotton fabric on human physiological responses, such as ear canal temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, stress hormone, during exercise and recovery. Long sleeves cotton knitted sportswear treated to have special liquid water transfer property were prepared; （1） Hydrophilic; （ 2 ） Hydrophobic; and （ 3 ） Moisture Management （MM）. Wearing these garments, human subjects ran on treadmill according ＂to a pre-designed experimental protocol. It was found that during exercise hydrophilic cotton caused significantly higher mean skin temperature than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics, while during recovery, hydrophilic and MM cotton fabrics caused significantly higher mean skin temperature than hydrophobic cotton fabric. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly lower heart rate than MM cotton fabric, lower systolic blood pressure than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics. Hydrophobic cotton fabric caused significantly higher urinary catecholamine volume than hydrophilic and MM cotton fabric, indicating stronger physical stress. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly stronger thermal and humidity sensations than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics at the end of first and second exercise sessions. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly stronger discomfort sensation than hydrophobic cotton fabric at the end of first session of exercise. In the end of wear trial, MM cotton fabric caused significantly higher tiredness sensation than hydrophilic and hydrophobic cotton fabrics.     

Measurement of the Average Molecular Weight of Cotton Cellulose Crosslinked by a Polycarboxylic Acid at Different pH Using Multiple Angle Light Scattering Photometer in a DMAc/LiCl Solvent System

Durable press finishing of cotton fabrics with polycarboxylic acid increases fabric wrinkle-resistance at the expense of its mechanical strength. Severe tensile strength loss is the major disadvantage for wrinkle resistant cotton fabrics. Tensile strength loss of cotton fabric crosslinked by a polycarboxylic acid can be attributed to depolymerization and crosslink of cellulose molecules. Measurement of the molecular weight of cotton fabric before and after crosslinked by polycarboxylic acids can offer a possibility of direct understanding of the depolymerization. In this research, a multiple angle laser light scattering photometer was used to determine the absolute molecular weight of cotton fabric treated with BTCA at different pH and then hydrolyzed with 0.5 M NaOH solution at 50℃ for 144 h. The results indicate that average molecular weights of cotton fabric treated with polycarboxylic acids at different pH are almost the same.     

Molecular Weight Distributions of Cotton Cellulose Treated with a Polycarboxylic Acid at Different pH

In last paper, the average molecular weight of a control cotton fabric and cotton fabrics treated with the polycarboxylic acid at different pH were measured. The result doesn‘t support the hypothesis that the pH of the finishing bath can affect the depolymerization of the finished cotton fabric. In order to understand more about it, the molecular weight distributions of the control and finished cotton fabrics were measured and the reason was fund. From the ratio and the molecular weight of the low molecular part one can see that the pH of the finishing bath can affect the depelymerization of the f‘mished cotton fabrics. The phenomenon that the average molecular weights of the cotton fabric crosslinked with BTCA at different pH are almost same is attributed to that the crosslinks are not broken completely when treated with 0.5 M NaOH solution at 50℃ for 144 h.     

纯棉针织物的秦皮天然染料染色

以水为提取剂从中药秦皮中提取天然染料对纯棉针织物进行染色,研究不同媒染方式以及染料质量浓度、染浴pH值、染色温度及时间、媒染剂硫酸亚铁用量等后媒法染色工艺对纯棉针织物染色效果的影响.结果表明,后媒法染色效果最好,秦皮天然染料对纯棉针织物的后媒染染色最佳工艺为：秦皮天然染料质量浓度12g/L,染液pH 4,染色温度90℃,染色时间60min,媒染剂硫酸亚铁用量5g/L.织物经后媒染染色后得色均匀,各项色牢度较好.     

摩擦包芯纱织物性能的研究

文章对棉包涤纶长丝摩擦纱、棉包锦纶高弹丝摩擦纱、棉包锦纶全牵伸丝摩擦纱以及棉包粘胶长丝摩擦纱的平纹织物的性能进行了试验研究,并将它们与纯棉环锭纱和纯棉摩擦纱的平纹织物的性能进行了比较和分析。研究结果表明,棉包涤纶长丝摩擦纱织物和棉包锦纶高弹丝摩擦纱织物在服用、舒适性等方面均优于环锭纱织物。这两种摩擦包芯纱织物作为服用织物将具有良好的发展前景。     

竹浆纤维含量及纬密对竹浆纤维/棉织物防紫外线性能的影响

采用HB902型防紫外线透过及防晒保护测试系统,根据GB/T6529—2008和GB/T18830—2009对15种不同规格的棉与竹浆纤维/棉交织面料的防紫外线性能进行了测试,研究了竹浆纤维含量及纬纱密度变化对交织物防紫外线性能的影响.结果表明：在UVB波段的紫外线透过率,竹浆纤维/棉交织物小于纯棉织物;而在UVA波段中340～400 nm的紫外线透过率,竹浆纤维/棉交织物大于纯棉织物;随着纬纱中竹浆纤维含量的增加,中波长紫外线透过率呈现先减小再增加再减小再增加的变化规律,竹浆纤维质量分数为30%时中波长紫外线透过率最小;随着纬纱中竹浆纤维含量的增加,长波长紫外线透过率呈现增加的规律;当经密不变、纬纱中竹浆纤维含量不变时,随着纬密的增大,紫外线透过率减小,织物的防紫外线性能增强.     

竹浆纤维含量及纬密对竹浆纤维/棉织物防紫外线性能的影响

采用HB902型防紫外线透过及防晒保护测试系统,根据GB/T6529—2008和GB/T18830—2009对15种不同规格的棉与竹浆纤维/棉交织面料的防紫外线性能进行了测试,研究了竹浆纤维含量及纬纱密度变化对交织物防紫外线性能的影响.结果表明:在UVB波段的紫外线透过率,竹浆纤维/棉交织物小于纯棉织物;而在UVA波段中340～400 nm的紫外线透过率,竹浆纤维/棉交织物大于纯棉织物;随着纬纱中竹浆纤维含量的增加,中波长紫外线透过率呈现先减小再增加再减小再增加的变化规律,竹浆纤维质量分数为30%时中波长紫外线透过率最小;随着纬纱中竹浆纤维含量的增加,长波长紫外线透过率呈现增加的规律;当经密不变、纬纱中竹浆纤维含量不变时,随着纬密的增大,紫外线透过率减小,织物的防紫外线性能增强.