多巴胺修饰的竹炭纳米粒子的合成及其光热控制药物释放的研究

竹炭纳米材料具有高效的近红外吸收特性,可以作为光热剂应用于近红外响应的药物释放。文章以竹炭粉为原料,采用球磨与尖端超声波的方法合成竹炭纳米粒子(bamboo charcoal nanoparticles, BCNPs),进一步将多巴胺通过物理吸附的方法修饰在竹炭纳米粒子表面上,得到竹炭纳米复合物(BCNPs@PDA)。以抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX)作为药物模型,研究了BCNPs@PDA对其负载和释放的行为。实验结果表明,阿霉素通过π-π堆积作用被吸附到BCNPs@PDA上, BCNPs@PDA对阿霉素的释放具有近红外光(NIR)响应依赖性,在pH=5.4的缓冲溶液中用808 nm近红外光(2.0 W/cm~2)激发,24 h内药物的累积释放量达到38%。     

再沉淀法制备复合纳米药物及体外抗肿瘤研究

本文利用两种不同的抗肿瘤药物阿霉素(DOX)和苯丁酸氮芥(Cb)混合,通过再沉淀法制备了一种新型的复合药物纳米粒子.1 H NMR证明了DOX和Cb混合后通过氨基和羧基静电力相互作用形成超分子复合物,通过DLS、SEM、AFM、TEM等表征证明了复合药物纳米粒子具有规整的形貌,较窄的尺寸分布.三种肿瘤细胞模型(MCF-7、A549、HepG2)的细胞毒性实验证明了复合药物纳米粒子相比于单独的DOX、Cb、DOX/Cb混合物有着更好杀死肿瘤细胞的效果.选取HepG2采用Hoechst染色检测凋亡细胞成像以及Western说明了复合药物纳米粒子能更好的诱导了肿瘤细胞的凋亡.共聚焦实验则很好的验证了相比于自由药阿霉素(DOX),复合药物纳米粒子可以更容易被肿瘤细胞内吞.     

聚多巴胺修饰的黑磷纳米片:一种光疗/化疗协同治疗癌症的平台

制备了一种基于黑磷纳米片(BPNSs)的多功能纳米药物载体,能够联合化疗和光热疗法用于癌症治疗.BPNSs通过静电吸附作用吸附抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX),然后通过多巴胺(DA)自聚合形成聚多巴胺(PDA)涂层后,成功制备一种纳米复合载药材料BPNSs-DOX@PDA.BPNSs-DOX@PDA具有极好的DOX载药能力、优异的光热转换性能、pH-和光响应控制释药和较低的细胞毒性等优点.这些特点使得BPNSs-DOX@PDA成为一种卓越的抗肿瘤药物递送系统,具有临床应用的巨大潜力.     

可降解纳米氧化钇空心球载药体系的体外抗肿瘤效应

纳米氧化钇空心球在生物医学领域具有广泛的应用.以酚醛树脂微球为模板,合成出了尺寸均一、分散性好的纳米Y₂O₃空心球(HYNPs).它不仅在体外表现出显著的酸性降解行为,而且负载抗肿瘤药物阿霉素(DOX)后,载药体系HYNPs-DOX也表现出明显的pH响应药物释放特点.pH为5.0时,72 h的药物释放可达到70.46%;而pH为 7.4时,72 h的药物释放仅25.04%.进一步通过激光共聚焦显微镜监测载药体系在细胞内的DOX释放,发现随着时间的延长,细胞内DOX的荧光逐渐增加,表明DOX在细胞内释放量的增加.体外抗肿瘤细胞毒性结果显示,HYNPs对肿瘤细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231的活性没有影响,而HYNPs-DOX则表现出较高的体外抗肿瘤效应,与游离DOX相当.可见,该材料作为抗肿瘤药物载体具有潜在的应用价值.     

叶酸功能化纳米钻石载药体系的制备及其对C6细胞靶向性研究

通过共价偶联的方法制备了聚乙二醇二胺(H2N-PEG-NH2)和叶酸(FA)修饰的纳米钻石(NDs)复合物(ND-PEG-FA),然后在硼酸(BBS,pH 8.0)缓冲溶液中通过物理吸附将小分子药物阿霉素(DOX)附载于NDPEG-FA纳米载体上,制备成ND-PEG-FA/DOX纳米药物。采用紫外-可见分光光谱法和荧光光谱法分别测定了NDs表面偶联NH2-PEG-NH2量为200μg/mg,ND-PEG-NH2表面偶联FA量为44μg/mg以及DOX在ND-PEG-FA纳米载体上的吸附量为(47±1.26)μg/mg.以大鼠神经胶质瘤C6细胞为体外模型肿瘤细胞,利用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测不同浓度的游离叶酸对C6细胞摄取ND-PEG-FA/DOX药物量的影响,结果表明随着游离FA浓度的增加,细胞摄取药物的量因受到游离FA的抑制而明显减少,且最大抑制率可达66.13%,此现象说明制备的ND-PEG-FA/DOX纳米药物进入C6细胞体内为叶酸受体介导机制,同时说明ND-PEG-FA纳米载体具有良好的靶向输送化疗药物的特性。     

双响应脂质体纳米凝胶的构建及性能

针对抗癌药物难以在肿瘤部位精准控制释放的问题,设计了一种双重响应脂质体纳米凝胶载体.通过模板原位聚合方法,本文构建了pH和还原双敏感的脂质体纳米凝胶(pH/R-lipogels),其中包括pH敏感的脂质体膜和二硫键交联的氧化还原敏感纳米凝胶内核.通过激光粒度仪和透射电镜研究了pH/R-lipogels的粒径分布和形貌,结果证明pH/R-lipogels粒径分布较窄且呈现出规则的球形结构.体外药物释放实验结果表明,载药双敏感脂质体纳米凝胶(DOX@pH/R-lipogels)能够快速响应pH值和GSH浓度的变化,提高阿霉素盐酸盐(DOX)的释放速率.体外细胞实验显示,DOX@pH/R-lipogels在肿瘤细胞微环境的刺激下,DOX能够被有效地释放进而促进4T1细胞凋亡.这些结果表明脂质体纳米凝胶在药物递送系统中具有很大的潜力并为膜材料的研究奠定了基础.     

阿霉素负载的Fe5C2纳米粒子在光热治疗/化疗中的研究

采用高温热解法制备了粒径均一的Fe_5C_2磁性纳米粒子,并在其表面包裹磷脂改善纳米粒子的水溶性和稳定性,同时在纳米粒子表面负载阿霉素(DOX)实现化疗作用.阿霉素负载的Fe_5C_2磁性纳米粒子(Fe_5C_2-DOX-DSPE-m PEG),不仅具有一定的磁学性质,且具有优良的光热转化效率.细胞实验说明该纳米粒子对肿瘤细胞具有光热治疗和化疗协同治疗作用.     

阴离子调控PEG化纳米钻石对阿霉素的负载及其与HepG2肿瘤细胞的作用

纳米钻石(ND)因具有高生物相容性、高化学稳定性、对生物分子和药物高亲和力以及表面易于修饰等优点,使其在生物医药方面的应用备受关注。文章采用共价耦联方法,用NH_2-PEG-COOH(PEG)修饰ND形成PEG化纳米钻石(ND-PEG),使其作为药物载体,分别探究了在浓度为1 mol/L的Ac~-、Cit~(3-)和HCO~-_3介质中物理吸附抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX)的影响。发现ND-PEG对DOX吸附量的大小顺序为Ac~-HCO~-_3Cit~(3-),且远大于在去离子水中的吸附量,表明ND-PEG吸附DOX受阴离子调控。在Na_3Cit介质中负载DOX的量为125.24μg/mg,体外模拟释药表明在pH 5.0时体系的累积释药率为34.83%,其药物利用率最高。利用紫外可见分光光度计、傅里叶红外光谱仪和马尔文粒度仪对纳米粒子进行了表征。此外,通过细胞形态和MTT实验探究了该纳米药物体系与人肝癌细胞(HepG2)的作用,显示ND-PEG/DOX能高效杀死肿瘤细胞,这为制备高载药量的纳米钻石药物体系奠定了实验基础。     

生物素修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子作为抗癌药物载体的应用研究

本文将生物素(Biotin)修饰于Fe₃O₄磁性纳米粒子表面制备了BIO-MNPs纳米材料。盐酸阿霉素(DOX)可以通过与生物素之间的氢键作用和自聚集作用负载于BIO-MNPs表面，实验条件下的最大负载量可达823.6 mg/g，且BIO-MNPs@DOX对DOX的释放在弱酸性环境下更优。体外溶血实验以及细胞毒性实验证明BIO-MNPs具有良好的血液相容性和较低的生物毒性；体外细胞摄取实验证明BIO-MNPs@DOX对肝癌细胞和人乳腺癌细胞具有较好的靶向性能，且具有良好的抑制效果。以上结果表明BIO-MNPs可作为药物载体负载抗癌药物DOX，且BIOMNPs@DOX在癌细胞的靶向抑制方面具有一定的应用价值。     

光热疗用GO-MoS2纳米载体的构建及应用

采用水热法在氧化石墨烯（GO）表面生长MoS₂纳米片并枝接聚乙二醇（PEG）以改善其生物相容性。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、透射电子显微镜等手段对GO-MoS₂复合材料进行表征,利用酶标仪、荧光共聚焦显微镜等对复合物及载药复合物的细胞毒性及细胞摄入进行了探究。结果表明,所制备的纳米复合材料相比于GO表现出更高的药物负载率和释放率,以及显著的光热转换性能,具有应用于光热疗法的潜力。     

Synthesis of pH-responsive supramolecular polypeptide nanoparticles from α-amino acids for combined chemo-photothermal therapy

A new smart supramolecular polypeptide copolymer P(Glu-co-Lys) was synthesized by the polymerization of α-amino acids using the N-thiocarboxylic acid anhydride (NTA) method, using the pH dynamic response peptide of L-glutamic acid and L-lysine as a carrier for tumor cells. The drug delivery system activated by external acid can self-assemble (pH 7.4) and disassemble (pH 5.5) under the adjustment of pH to load the drug and control its release. Doxycycline (DOX) and the photothermal reagent hydrophilic quanternary stereo-cyanine (HQS-Cy) were loaded into the peptide copolymer to obtain HQS-Cy/DOX nanoparticles (NPs) for chemo-photothermal therapy. Gentle photothermal heating can enhance the absorption of drugs by cells and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. In addition, chemo-photothermal therapy can solve the defect of easy recurrence after single photothermal therapy. The ingenious nanodrug delivery system of HQS-Cy/DOX NPs provides great potential for the improvement of chemo-photothermal therapy and will achieve excellent therapeutic effects in cancer treatment.     

Preparation and Characterization of pH-Sensitive Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel for Cancer Therapy

Hydrogel has emerged as an excellent carrier platform for smart drug delivery and effective cancer treatment due to its high water content, good biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical properties. In this work,the DOX-loaded polyvinyl alcohol（ PVA）hydrogel was prepared by freeze-thawing technique. The swelling test and the mechanical properties of the pure PVA hydrogels were performed. In addition, the in vitro drug release profiles were examined and the in vitro antitumor efficiency against He La cells was also estimated. The results indicated that the resulting PVA hydrogels contained significant amounts of water and possessed good mechanical properties,and DOX-loaded PVA hydrogel exhibited a sustained and p H-responsive DOX release. The MTT assays also demonstrated that the released DOX could effectively inhibit the proliferation of He La cells. Thus,the cross-linked PVA hydrogel can be further developed as a promising platform for cancer therapy.     

羧甲基壳聚糖修饰阿霉素纳米脂质体的制备及体外细胞实验

以羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCT)为修饰剂,采用薄膜-pH梯度法制备具有pH敏感性的阿霉素纳米脂质体(CMCT-DOX-NL),以增加抗癌药物在肿瘤部位的蓄积,同时增强抗癌药物向肿瘤细胞内的传递。结果表明:制备的CMCT-DOX-NL粒子形貌圆整,粒径分布均匀为(38±22.1)nm,药物包封率为88.83%;相比传统的阿霉素纳米脂质体(DOX-NL),CMCT-DOX-NL与Hela细胞的结合和摄取均有所提高,对细胞的杀伤作用更强;CMCT-DOX-NL的体外药物释放具有明显的pH敏感性,比普通的阿霉素脂质体更能促进阿霉素(DOX)向肿瘤细胞内的传递。     

单分散聚苯乙烯/二硫化钼纳米复合微球的制备与分散性

以二硫化钼为核,聚苯乙烯为壳,通过种子乳液聚合方法,成功制备了具有核壳结构的聚苯乙烯/二硫化钼(PS/MoS2)有机-无机纳米复合微球。利用紫外可见吸收光谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜、能量色散谱仪等多种方法,对PS/MoS2纳米微球的形貌、结构进行了表征,同时,利用分散性试验考察了PS/MoS2纳米微球在油溶性单体双环戊二烯(DCPD)中的分散性。试验结果表明:聚苯乙烯包覆在MoS2的表面,形成核壳结构;纳米粉体呈球形且粒径尺寸均一。分散性试验表明PS/MoS2纳米微球在DCPD中具有极佳的分散性。     

Novel PLGGE graft polymeric micelles for doxorubicin delivery

Novel poly{(lactic acid)-co-[(glycolic acid)-alt-(L-glutamic acid)]}-g-monomethyl poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGGE) micelles were prepared and used as carriers for anti-tumor drug delivery. Three PEGylated PLGG copolymers (PLGGE2000, PLGGE1100 and PLGGE500) were characterized by XRD, TG and DSC. The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of the amphiphilic copolymers were 1.04, 0.55 and 0.13 μg/mL, respectively. The TEM, AFM and DLS measurements revealed that the micelles were homogeneous spherical nanoparticles with the diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm when THF was used as solvent in the preparation of the micelles. Interestingly, extended cylindrical micelles were obtained using CHCl 3 as solvent. The micelles could trap doxorubicin (DOX) in the core with the highest drug loading content up to 23.7%. The mean diameter of drug loaded micelles was much bigger than that of blank micelles. The in vitro drug release of the micelles was diffusion-controlled release within the first 36 h and initial burst release was not obvious. However, after 36 h, the release rate in pH 5.0 was faster than that in pH 7.4 due to the degradation. The PLGGE micelles were nontoxic to both NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and HepG2 cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells demonstrated that the drug loaded micelles exhibited high inhibition activity to cancer cells. CLSM observation of HepG2 cells showed that DOX released from the micelles could be delivered into cell cytoplasm and cell nuclei. PLGGE micelles are potential promising carriers for anti-tumor drug delivery.     

CMCT-FA修饰阿霉素纳米脂质体的制备与体外pH敏感释放

利用1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基丙基)-碳二亚胺(EDC)介导反应合成了叶酸偶联的羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCT-FA),以阿霉素为模型药物,采用薄膜分散-pH梯度法制备CMCT-FA修饰的阿霉素纳米脂质体。考察了CMCT-FA修饰阿霉素纳米脂质体的包封率、粒径、ζ电位以及在不同pH释药介质中的释放特性。结果表明:CMCT-FA修饰阿霉素纳米脂质体的ζ电位较未修饰脂质体明显减小,但较CMCT修饰阿霉素纳米脂质体无明显差别;与阿霉素纳米脂质体和CMCT修饰的阿霉素纳米脂质体相比,CMCT-FA修饰的阿霉素纳米脂质体在酸性条件下的药物释放速率和药物释放量均有明显提高。     

Dialdehyde starch nanoparticles： Preparation and application in drub carrier

Dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (DASNP) were prepared by the redox reaction of NaIO4 and starch in water-in-oil microemulsion. IR spectrum showed that DASNP had aldehyde groups, and quantitative alkali consumption showed that its dialdehyde content was about (50±5)%. The average diameter of DASNP determined by SEM was about 100 nm. TGA-DTA showed that its thermal stability was better than starch nanoparticle (StNP) and dialdehyde starch (DAS). Its low biological toxicity was detected by cell experiment. Also the best mass ratio of doxorubicin (DOX) to combined DASNP detected by UV-VIS was 15 : 1, and the product was effective for controlled release of DOX. The cell experiment showed that the drug-carrier particle (DOX-DASNP) can release DOX for a long time and strengthened the effect of the anticancer drug. This work demonstrates that the DASNP, which has good thermal stability, small particle size, low biological toxicity, and slowly anticancer drug-releasing to strengthen drug effect, is a potentially useful carrier for anticancer drug.     

阿霉素微胶囊的制备及表征

采用三嵌段共聚物聚乳酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸（PLA-PEG-PLA）为载体,阿霉素为模型药物,通过双乳化溶剂蒸发法制备出阿霉素微胶囊,考察了稳定剂和制备条件对阿霉素微胶囊的性质及阿霉素的载药率和释放速率的影响。扫描电子显微镜和激光粒度测试表明,阿霉素微胶囊呈类球形或不完全球形,粒径大小为900nm左右。阿霉素微胶囊对阿霉素的包封率为35.7％。通过体外释药实验表明,阿霉素微胶囊可持续释药10天以上。     

阿密茴素拮抗多柔比星诱发的组织毒性及其机制研究

多柔比星(Doxorubicin, DOX)是临床上使用最广泛的蒽环家族化疗药物.为了研究阿密茴素(Visnagin, VIS)能否缓解DOX诱发的肝、肾毒性及其相关机制,此研究首先构建DOX急性、慢性肝肾损伤小鼠模型,通过观察小鼠肝肾细胞死亡率、肝肾功能变化评价VIS对肝肾损伤的保护作用.在急性和慢性损伤模型中,原位末端凋亡实验(TUNEL)结果表明VIS可以显著降低肝肾细胞凋亡率;而慢性模型中,VIS还能缓解肝肾功能损伤.此外,实验结果表明VIS可以显著抑制DOX诱发的TOP2-DNA共价复合物形成,提示VIS可能通过抑制DOX下游的TOP2通路起保护作用.研究结果将为后续深入探究降低DOX毒副作用的课题提供参考.