岩机械手任务规划中遗传算法的适应度函数

多关节凿岩机械手在工作时,完成的是一个在一定工作面上随机的钻孔孔序任务,其孔序规划相当复杂.作者运用遗传算法规划其钻孔任务序列,通过判断多关节钻臂上每1个关节的运动方向在彼此相邻的3个钻孔位置上的变化趋势,用数值0表示某一关节运动方向变化趋势在相邻3个钻孔上不一致,数值1表示一致,并根据具体工作情况对描述值进行修正.在此基础上设计了一个基于关节水平来规划凿岩机械手随机钻孔孔序的适应度函数,从而使整个钻孔孔序规划算法简单,收敛速度快,能寻求较优的钻孔孔序.此方法对于完成其他类型的关节型机械手的钻孔任务和轨迹规划也具有借鉴意义.     

H175液压三臂凿岩台车结构及常见故障原因浅析与排除

液压三臂凿岩台车在矿山法隧道掘进施工中起关键作用。结合我局阶段性使用H175液压三臂凿岩台车的实际情况,适中介绍了H175液压三臂凿岩台车的结构、特点、常见故障与排除,便于新、老技术人员、操作人员在需要时能迅速了解,从而驾驭H175液压三臂凿岩台车开展隧洞掘进工作。     

H175液压三臂凿岩台车结构及常见故障原因浅析与排除

液压三臂凿岩台车在矿山法隧道掘进施工中起关键作用。结合我局阶段性使用H175液压三臂凿岩台车的实际情况,适中介绍了H175液压三臂凿岩台车的结构、特点、常见故障与排除,便于新、老技术人员、操作人员在需要时能迅速了解,从而驾驭H175液压三臂凿岩台车开展隧洞掘进工作。     

多臂凿岩机器人的碰撞检测方法研究

针对多臂凿岩机器人在隧道工作中易发生碰撞事故的问题,提出了一种多臂凿岩机器人的碰撞检测算法.该算法通过对机器人各机械臂间、钻臂与隧道间的实时距离进行计算和碰撞判别,实现凿岩机器人的碰撞检测.以空间圆柱体包络盒作为凿岩机器人各机械臂的碰撞检测模型,将凿岩机器人各机械臂间的碰撞检测问题转化为空间圆柱体包络盒距离求解问题,提出了一种空间两圆柱体碰撞判别方法.将钻臂与隧道轮廓的碰撞问题转化为钻臂在隧道壁面的投影矩形与隧道壁面的干涉问题,提出了一种钻臂与隧道轮廓的碰撞判别方法.最后在MATLAB软件和实际多臂凿岩机器人上进行实验,实验结果表明:该算法能实时检测凿岩机器人各机械臂间、钻臂和隧道间的碰撞情况,在钻臂进入非安全范围时及时给出碰撞信号,使系统及时预警从而避免碰撞干涉事故的发生.     

液压凿岩台车钻臂振动特性分析

钻臂作为凿岩定位工作的直接完成者,在凿岩冲击反力激励下往往会振幅过大,影响成孔质量和液压元器件、钻臂的使用寿命。因此有必要对凿岩机的激励特性、结构动力学特性和振动响应进行研究。以阿特拉斯凿岩台车钻臂和Cop 1838ME型凿岩机为研究对象,对凿岩机活塞进行动力学分析,并采集活塞动力学数据,得到了振动激励的定量计算公式。利用hypermesh建立全钻臂的有限元模型,进行有限元模态分析,得到钻臂结构的动力学特性。进而对钻臂进行瞬态分析,得到钻臂的振动响应。对通常的钻臂、凿岩机和其他冲机器的振动分析和减振设计、力学分析以及轻量化设计具有一定的指导意义。     

多关节凿岩机械手快速定位方法

凿岩机器人在工作时,完成的任务是随机的,它每1只机械手具有6个转动关节和3个移动关节.在定位时,其运动学逆运算过程相当复杂,为满足实时控制的需要,必须实现快速逆运算.作者在分析凿岩机器人钻臂结构的基础上,利用钻臂的双三角支架的空间平移性能,根据各关节变化所引起的钻臂端部位姿的变化,综合机器人学中运动学知识,建立一个专家系统,采用拟人化的方案--"先定点,再定位姿",解决凿岩臂的快速定位问题,以实现描述各关节位置的变量的快速逆运算.根据实际工作情况,首先使钻臂的端点与目标定位点重合,求解出相应的关节运动变量的值,然后把凿岩机械手看作闭链机构,再选择相应的运动关节确定钻臂的空间位置,从而简化了计算的难度,可快速、精确地求解机械手的各关节变量值.     

双三角钻臂直接定位自适应预测控制

针对复杂非线性系统控制中闭环预测存在的缺陷,提出了一种适合于一般非线性系统的非齐次时变线性模型,给出并证明了其存在性定理,推出了基于该类模型的自适应预测控制算法;引入直角坐标系和斜角坐标系来描述双三角钻臂的结构和运动特性,通过坐标变换,根据给定的钻臂目标运行轨迹对各液压缸的运行速度作出决策,采用自适应预测控制策略控制其运行速度;在原有双臂凿岩台车的基础上研制了一套完整的凿岩台车两级计算机控制系统,应用上述方法实现了双三角钻臂轨迹跟踪直接定位控制.     

凿岩机器人钻臂的运动学研究

为实现凿岩机器人钻臂在凿岩过程中的自动定位,建立了多关节钻臂的运动学方程;根据钻臂的实际工作特点和工作范围提出了一种求逆解的方法．运算结果表明,该方法可以成功地实现快速、精确求解,具有较高的实用价值．     

基于蚁群算法的运动时间优化算法研究

液压凿岩台车在现代隧道掘进施工中发挥了重要作用,现有液压凿岩台车在进行寻找孔位时,由操作人员完成,找孔顺序、找孔时间无优化,导致寻找孔位时间浪费,效率低.针对上述问题,对长臂多关节智能凿岩机面向超大隧道断面与复杂孔系的多节变运动与寻孔路径的时间进行优化,创新研究如下:通过对凿岩隧道形式、开挖方式分析和炮眼参数的设定,对左右两机械臂钻孔任务提出无碰规划方案,同时以多关节机械臂各个关节变量的总变化时间作为优化目标函数,采用蚁群算法优化目标函数,得到寻找孔位时间最短的优化寻找孔位路径,提高了液压凿岩台车机械臂的定位找孔效率.     

基于个体的两凿岩机械手合作任务规划

文章在分析凿岩机械手的机构结构的基础上,求出机械手在工作面上的最大最小工作区间,然后运用模糊理论的相关知识将两凿岩机械手的工作区间进行合理分区,确定两钻臂在这些区域产生碰撞的模糊隶属度,从而引入"区域避碰”理论进行合作任务规划.在考虑两机械手工作进度产生一定变化和机械手在运动中所有关节变化量最小的基础上,引入双向A*算法搜寻最优路径.通过仿真研究证明,文章提出的方法计算简单,规划的路径在一定程度上可满足实际工作的需要.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.