鲁西金岭岩浆侵入杂岩体中角闪石岩包体成因研究

为了确定鲁西金岭岩浆侵入杂岩体中的角闪石岩包体成因, 对该类包体进行岩相学、矿物化学和地球化学分析。结果表明, 角闪石岩包体具有明显的堆晶结构, 主要由角闪石和少量斜长石组成。其中, 角闪石可以分为两类: 一类为韭闪石, 具有较低的SiO₂含量和较高的Al₂O₃含量, 是原生角闪石; 另一类为阳起石、镁角闪石和浅闪石, 相对富集SiO₂, 贫Al₂O₃, 可能为原生角闪石晚期被改造的产物。利用角闪石全铝地质压力计对原生角闪石进行压力计算, 获得其平均结晶压力为0.48 GPa。这些角闪石岩包体的微量元素特征与寄主岩石黑云母闪长岩相似, 均富集轻稀土元素, 亏损重稀土元素。结合原生角闪石的形成条件, 可以认为这些角闪石岩包体可能与寄主岩石同源, 是中地壳岩浆房闪长质岩浆分离结晶的产物。     

江苏及皖东新生代玄武质岩石岩石化学和矿物成分的研究

本文从岩石化学和矿物学角度,研究了江苏及皖东新生代玄武质岩石,初步确定它们属于碱性玄武岩系列;是喜山运动早、中、晚三个岩浆旋迥的产物;主要岩石类型有橄榄玄武岩、碱性橄榄玄武岩、碧玄岩、霞石岩以及由分异作用或混染作用形成的碱性辉绿岩、拉斑辉绿岩和方沸正长岩;岩石的碱性程度自老至新、自东向西增强;由于岩浆的分离结晶作用和受硅铝层混染,引起一系列岩石化学和矿物成分的规律性变化。本文还试图根据玄武质岩浆类型和包裹的超镁铁包体,以及普通辉石、歪长石、石榴石大晶体的成分,估计岩浆源的深度,自东向西由35～50公里加深到75～90公里左右。     

白马层状岩体岩浆分离结晶作用

该文以微量元素地球化学观点探讨攀西地区白马层状岩体,它是峨眉玄武岩的原始岩浆结晶产物。论文详细论述了层状岩体的橄榄岩给品、橄长岩结品、橄长辉长岩结晶3个阶段的分离结晶作用。     

鲁西岩墙群侵位机制的磁组构研究

在华北克拉通东部鲁西地区广泛发育大规模的中元古代基性岩墙群, 侵位于早前寒武纪结晶基底内, 以近南北走向为主。通过岩墙群的岩石和地球化学特征分析, 认为鲁西地区岩墙群属于轻稀土略富集型, 岩墙群的岩浆源自富集型地幔, 形成于大陆裂谷环境。岩墙群的构造形态和流动构造表明鲁西基性岩墙群是基性岩浆侵位到先存的张性破裂中的产物, 岩墙自北部向南部侵入。磁组构的最大长轴方向与岩墙中线的夹角指示岩墙流动方向为自北向南, 进一步说明鲁西岩墙群是向南侵位的。另外, 结合鲁西岩墙群与燕辽拗拉谷的时空关系分析, 鲁西岩墙群很可能是来自中元古代燕辽-中条拗拉谷底部富集地幔型岩浆从北向南侵位到先存破裂中形成的。     

赤峰地区新生代玄武岩的基本特征及成因

赤峰地区新生工玄武岩是中新世裂隙式火山活动产生的大陆溢流玄武岩,属于拉斑玄武岩系列,源区是软流圈上地幔。玄武岩是部分熔融和分离结晶过程联合作用的结果,先由地幔橄榄岩部分熔融产生玄武质岩浆,但岩浆在上升以大陆地壳内一定深度的岩浆房时,发生部分橄榄石的分离结晶作用。在部分熔融作用之后发生橄榄石分离结晶作用,可能是大陆溢流玄武岩的一种普遍现象。     

新疆白杨河地区辉绿岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义

新疆西准噶尔地区发育有大量的中基性岩墙群,是区域构造演化研究的重要对象。通过对发育于白杨河地区辉绿岩墙的研究,认为其属于碱性系列,具富钛,低Mg,Cr,Ni,大离子亲石元素相对富集和高场强元素相对亏损的特征,稀土元素总量较高,轻重稀土分馏较明显,轻稀土富集的右倾型配分模式,δEu显示正异常,说明该区辉绿岩为地幔玄武质岩浆经一定程度分异的产物,原始岩浆主要经历了橄榄石和辉石的分离结晶,而斜长石主要进入熔体相。构造环境投图和碱性特征显示该区辉绿岩形成于板内拉张环境,为区域伸展体制的产物,由此说明晚二叠世时期,白杨河地区已经完成了碰撞和拼合并转入陆内演化阶段。     

广西大宁岩体和初洞岩体锆石U-Pb年代学 及Hf同位素研究

利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得大宁岩体形成年龄为441.1±3.0 Ma,其包体年龄为439.5±3.6 Ma,初洞岩体形成年龄为423.5~434.2 Ma。结果表明,大宁岩体及其包体几乎同期形成,而初洞岩体是后期的侵入体。Lu-Hf同位素研究结果表明,大宁岩体及其暗色包体与初洞岩体具有相似的Hf同位素组成,在εHf(t)-年龄图上落在1440~1960 Ma的老地壳区间,表明三者的岩浆源区均是早元古代到中元古代地壳,暗色包体是岩浆早期分离结晶的产物,而初洞岩体是岩浆结晶分异晚期的产物。     

粤北贵东岩体内基性岩脉的成因研究

对贵东花岗岩体内的基性岩脉研究结果表明,岩脉的锶、氧、硫同位素组成均一致显示幔源衍生物特征;岩脉常量元素、微量元素以及稀土元素分析表明、岩脉经历了较完全的结晶分异作用,并遭受到一定程度的陆壳混染作用。由此得出结论,认为形成岩脉的岩浆来自起源于地幔深处并侵位于地壳浅部(<15Km)的二次岩浆房,岩浆在这里发生结晶分异作用,在其随后的上升侵位过程中经受了陆壳的混染作用。     

安徽霍山陈家湾岩体地球化学特征、年代学及其地质意义

安徽霍山陈家湾岩体位于北淮阳东段,侵位于古生代佛子岭岩群中。文章对陈家湾岩体进行了地质特征、年代学和地球化学研究。年代学分析结果显示,陈家湾岩体形成于(124.5±2.7) Ma,属于大别造山带北淮阳地区130～125 Ma阶段岩浆活动的产物。地球化学特征显示,陈家湾岩体SiO_2、Al_2O_3及碱质含量中等,具有高钾钙碱性系列岩石特征。该岩体的稀土元素质量分数较低,w(Rb)/w(Sr)和∑LREE/∑HREE比值均较高,呈较轻微的Eu异常,岩浆源于有少量地幔物质混入的地壳源区,在上升过程中经历了较显著的结晶分离作用。区域成岩成矿综合分析结果表明,陈家湾岩体是在早白垩世古太平洋西向俯冲背景下岩浆作用的产物。     

青海祁漫塔格小盆地北基性岩墙群地质特征及意义

祁漫塔格小盆地北首次发现的北西-南东向基性岩墙群,侵入于早志留世花岗闪长岩中及晚奥陶世祁漫塔格群碎屑岩组中。对辉绿(玢)岩墙进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,年龄为(396.5±3.1)Ma,时代中泥盆世;岩石化学和地球化学表明,基性岩墙为上地幔部分熔融的产物,显示的是具富铁演化特征的拉斑玄武岩系列,基性岩浆的分异演化未受陆壳物质混染;小盆地北基性辉绿(玢)岩墙的发现,进一步证明了在中泥盆世该地区经历了多次强烈挤压碰撞及其之间的相对松弛伸展,为祁漫塔格地区的构造岩浆旋回演化过程提供了重要的地质信息。     

内蒙古四子王旗中新世含包体玄武岩的深部地质环境分析

内蒙古四子王旗东八号地区出露一套含深源包体的中新世玄武岩, 寄主岩石具有高钾( 1.16%< K O 含量 < 3. 36% ) , 高钛( 2. 25% < TiO2 含量 < 2. 51% ) 的特征; 其母岩浆富集 LREE 和 HFSE, 强烈富集 Nb, Ta 和 La, 相对亏损 K, Rb 和 Ba。其母岩浆来源于经历低度部分熔融, 残留石榴石和金云母的软流圈地幔, 运移过程中在高压环境下发生了分离结晶作用, 分异相主要为单斜辉石和斜长石。玄武岩中出现橄榄岩和麻粒岩包体:橄榄岩包体为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩, 富集 LREE, 平衡温压范围为:1050 ～1100℃, 1. 64 ～2. 37 GPa, 代表富集的或发生过富集事件的上地幔; 麻粒岩包体为中基性麻粒岩, 平衡温压范围为: 960 ～1000℃, 0. 82 ～1. 13 GPa, 其原岩包括原生的下地壳物质和与玄武质岩浆有关的产物。说明华北克拉通北缘的岩石圈受到地幔柱作用的影响, 中新世时处在减薄状态。     

Post-collisional lithosphere delamination of the Dabie-Sulu orogen

The consistence between the first rapid cooling time (226-219 Ma) of the untrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks in the Dabie Mountains and the formation time (205-220 Ma) of the syncollisional granites in the Qinling and Sulu areas suggests that the first rapid cooling and uplift of the UHPM rocks may be related to breakoff of subducted plate. Therefore the second rapid cooling and uplift (180-170 Ma) of the UHPM racks needs a post-collisional lithosphere delamination which resulted in the granitic magmatism with an age of about 170 Ma. In addition, the rapid rising of the Dabie dome in the early Cretaceous (130-110 Ma) and the corresponding large-scale magmatism in the Dabie Mountains need another lithosphere delamination. The geochronology of the post-collis- ional mafic-ultramafic intrusions and geological relationship between the mafic-ultramafic intrusions and granites suggest that partial melting was initiated in the mantle, and then progressively developed in the crust, suggesting a mantle upwelling underneath the Dabie Mountains. The unusual fractional trend of the gabbros characterized by lower SiO2 content (46.24%) corresponding to lower MgO content (4.53%) and their typical geochemistry features of the lower crust suggest underplating of the mantle derived magma and interaction between the magma and lower crust before their intrusion. Lithosphere delamination could be the dynamic cause of the mantle upwelling and underplating. The seismic tomography results of the Dabie Mountains and adjacent areas clearly show lithosphere thinning below the north and south sides of the Dabie Mountains. Because there is no Cenozoic magma event in the Dabie Mountains, the lithosphere thinning may result from delamination of thickened lithosphere mantle after collision. In addition, both the lower velocity zone in the 40 km depth and the basin + dome + basin coupling relationship in the Dabie Mountains also suggest the lithosphere delamination and underplating on the two sides of the orogen.     

峨眉山玄武岩地幔源成分及其变化的微量元素标志

根据峨眉山玄武岩系岩石的稀土元素、不相容元素特征，估计了产生其母岩浆的地幔源成分，在讨论了地幔平衡部分熔融和岩浆分离结晶过程中强不相容元素与一般不相容元素的比值变化后，提出用双对数图解来判别地幔成分、元素总分配系数及母岩浆形成时地幔熔融度的原理。根据Ｌａ，Ｃｅ和Ｓｃ，Ｙｂ在地幔－岩浆过程中地球化学特征，运用上述原理，讨论了峨眉山玄武岩系母岩浆的地幔成分及其变化，计算了地幔矿物相组成和部分熔融度。     

Typomorphism of the {211}-type zircon

A natural {211}-type zircon has been first discovered in the Pingtan gabbro in the Fujian Province, which is a new type of morphology reported in magmatic zircons. Investigation of morphology and trace-element chemistry shows two distinct growth stages, Stage 1 and Stage 2. The {211}-type zircon is the earliest crystallized phase of Stage 1 zircon. The low Hf contents and extreme depletion in U, Th and Y indicate that Stage 1 zircon was approximately in equilibration with melt during the crystallization, so that they are regarded as crystallized phase in deeper magmatic chamber. The Zr-saturated gabbroic magma is demonstrated to be derived from mantle magmas by differentiation. The magma differentiation and zircon crystallization at the lower crust level indicate the existence of underplating of mantle magma beneath this area, which results in strong magmatic activities in the late Mesozoic.     

甘肃北山桥湾北花岗岩体的年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

为加深对北山晚古生代构造演化的认识, 选取位于甘肃北山南带、敦煌地块北缘的桥湾北花岗岩体进行年代学、地球化学研究。桥湾北角闪石花岗岩体锆石LA-ICP MS年龄为303.7±2.4 Ma, ε_Hf(t)为-1.2~5.8, ε_Nd(t)相对较高(-0.40~-0.06), (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i =(0.704524~0.705062)。 桥湾北花岗岩体K₂O含量为4.09%~5.58%, 属高钾钙碱性岩石, A/CNK值在0.92~1.04之间, 为I型花岗岩; 微量元素较富集LILE, 相对亏损HFSE, 有明显的Nb, Ta负异常。岩体具相对富集的微弱分馏的轻稀土元素, 重稀土元素分馏不明显, 基本没有Eu异常。由Hf, Nd同位素及地球化学特征判断, 桥湾北花岗岩体为壳幔混合成因, 其形式可以是底侵的幔源岩浆再分异, 上升过程中遭受地壳物质混染。根据区域构造背景及岩石学、地球化学特征, 可以认为桥湾北岩体是北山南带后碰撞过程岩浆活动的产物, 反映出在晚石炭世北山地区的碰撞拼贴已经完成。     

Hf isotopic composition of zircons from the Huashan-Guposhan intrusive complex and their mafic enclaves in northeastern Guangxi: Implication for petrogenesis

High precision zircon U-Pb dating indicates that main intrusive bodies (Tong'an,Niumiao,Huashan,Lisong),and a mafic microgranular enclave in the Huashan-Guposhan complex were formed at 160-163 Ma.The εHf(t) values of zircons from the Huashan granite vary from -2.8 to +0.3 and those from the Lisong granite vary from -2.3 to +0.3,which are obviously different with those values (+2.6 to +7.4) of the mafic enclaves from the Lisong granite.These Hf isotopic data indicate that the mafic enclaves and host granites...     

A crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of the Earth's mantle

The distribution of geochemical species in the Earth's interior is largely controlled by fractional melting and crystallization processes that are intimately linked to the thermal state and evolution of the mantle. The existence of patches of dense partial melt at the base of the Earth's mantle, together with estimates of melting temperatures for deep mantle phases and the amount of cooling of the underlying core required to maintain a geodynamo throughout much of the Earth's history, suggest that more extensive deep melting occurred in the past. Here we show that a stable layer of dense melt formed at the base of the mantle early in the Earth's history would have undergone slow fractional crystallization, and would be an ideal candidate for an unsampled geochemical reservoir hosting a variety of incompatible species (most notably the missing budget of heat-producing elements) for an initial basal magma ocean thickness of about 1,000 km. Differences in 142Nd/144Nd ratios between chondrites and terrestrial rocks can be explained by fractional crystallization with a decay timescale of the order of 1 Gyr. These combined constraints yield thermal evolution models in which radiogenic heat production and latent heat exchange prevent early cooling of the core and possibly delay the onset of the geodynamo to 3.4-4 Gyr ago.     

Magma mixing in upper mantle: Evidence from high Mg<Superscript>#</Superscript> olivine hosted melt inclusions in MORBs near East Pacific Rise 13°N

Early formed high-Mg^# olivine phenocrysts during evolution of MORB magmas usually host melt inclusions, which record im-portant information about the early-stage evolution of magma. Five MORB samples from near East Pacific Rise (EPR) 13°N vary little in K/Ti (0.07–0.12), Tb/Lu (1.72–1.84) and Sm/Nd (0.310–0.332) and have similar REEs patterns, indicating that depleted upper mantle has similar mineral composition. Sixty-five initial melt inclusions derived by correcting olivine fractionation and “FeO-Loss” show averagely higher MgO contents than their host rocks. Melt inclusions have higher CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios than their host rocks, and these CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios are positively and negatively correlated with MgO and Na₂O respectively, suggesting that these magmas have experienced high pressure crystallization of clinopyroxene. Average crystallization pressure, which is calculated based on the pressure dependence of clinopyroxene crystallization, is 0.83–0.25 GPa, and implys that these melt inclusions are averagely trapped in mantle depth of ~24 km. These melt inclusions show negative correlations of Ca₈/Al₈ and Na₈ with Fe₈, and wider ranges of Ca₈/Al₈, Na₈, Fe₈ and K/Ti than their host rocks, suggesting that these melt inclusions formed by mixing magmas of different melting degrees and depths. According to the average value and ranges of Ca₈/Al₈, Na₈, Fe₈ and K/Ti, these magmas would necessitate other mixing ends in shallow crust except in upper mantle. The compositional diversity of melt inclusions in MORBs phenocrysts cannot always be used to indicate magma mixing and crystallization in shallow crust, and melt inclusions in high Mg^# olivine formed under mantle pressure must be excluded in study of the magma process at crustal level. This study shows that, in EPR, MORBs have experienced mixing of magmas formed by different melting degrees and depths in the mantle.     

长江下游火山岩的二个变异趋势及其形成机制

长江下游地区若干盆地不同旋回火山岩的化学成分存在２个不同的变异趋势，即富硅趋势和富钾趋势。富硅趋势主要由分离结晶作用形成的。富钾趋势的成因较为复杂。庐枞富钾趋势的形成与分离结晶作用有关，溧水富钾趋势涉及分离结晶与混染作用。而宁芜富钾岩石是由独立的母岩浆形成的。