煤巷锚杆用钢在低应变速率下的力学性能

研究了低应变速率对煤巷锚杆用Q2 35钢、热轧和淬火回火 2 0MnSi钢力学性能的影响。与常规拉力试验相比 (应变速率为 2 .5× 10 -4～ 2 .5× 10 -3 s-1) ,当应变速率为 4 .6× 10 -6s-1时 ,Q2 35钢屈服强度降低 14 % ;热轧和淬火高温回火的 2 0MnSi钢屈服强度分别降低 4 %和 1%。分析了低应变速率对钢强度的影响。研究结果对于在岩石蠕变条件下工作的煤巷锚杆的设计、选材和使用具有重要意义     

Ti-47Al-1.5Cr-0.5Mn-2.8Nb合金高温力学性能应变速率敏感性及机制分析

在温度1123～1273K和应变速率5×10-5～5×10-3s-1范围内,研究了具有复相组织的Ti-47Al-1.5Cr-0.5Mn-2.8Nb合金拉伸性能的应变速率敏感性.发现提高应变速率或降低温度均可使合金的延伸率下降、强度增加,不同温度下拉伸强度与应变速率对数之间存在线性关系;利用热激活理论不仅解释了这一关系,还获得了应变速率方程,指出控制合金拉伸形变的微观机制是原子扩散过程.形变亚结构透射电镜观察证实该微观机制是位错攀移     

TiAl合金高温拉伸流变应力与Zener-Hollomon因子的关系函数

:把温度T和应变速率ε·对Ti-47Al-2Mn-2Nb(TiAlMnNb)和Ti-47Al-2Mn-2Nb-0.8TiB2(TiAlMnNbB)合金在1073～1373K和10-5～10-1s-1条件范围内拉伸应力的影响归结为Zener-Hollomon因子Z=ε·exp(Q/RT)的影响,利用Sellars和Tegart提出的双曲函数,确定两种合金拉伸形变应力峰值σP与Z因子之间的关系函数;得到的σP解析表达式中A、α和n值分别为2.308×108s-1、8.50×10-9Pa-1和2.594(TiAlMnNb),1.423×1010s-1、6.275×10-9Pa-1和2.980(TiAlMnNbB);Z因子中的激活能Q值分别为322.3kJ/mol和351.6kJ/mol,提示两种合金高温拉伸形变受微观原子扩散过程控制     

大晶粒Ni-Al合金的超塑性

研究了原始晶粒尺寸为 2 2 0μm的 Ni- 40 % Al(原子分数 )单相合金的高温变形行为 .结果表明 ,该合金在 1 0 0 0～ 1 1 0 0°C温区 ,5× 1 0 -4～ 5× 1 0 -5s-1的应变速率范围内呈现超塑性变形 ,在1 0 5 0°C应变速率为 2 .5× 1 0 -4s-1时 ,最大延伸率可达 340 % ,相应的应变速率敏感指数为 0 .3,表观激活能为 2 89k J/mol.原始大晶粒组织经超塑性变形后显著细化 ,而大晶粒超塑性是由高温变形过程中发生连续回复和再结晶所致 .     

海冰在单轴压缩下的韧-脆转化机理及破坏模式

海冰的破坏模式在不同加载速率下呈现出韧-脆转化特征.为研究海冰的韧-脆转化机理,本文对渤海东北部海域的平整冰进行了现场单轴压缩试验.该试验采用的海冰为典型的h2型柱状冰,其盐度变化范围为5.5‰–7.4‰,试样温度在–15°C至–18.3°C之间.试验中对几何尺寸为50 mm×50 mm×107 mm的长方体试样施加垂直于生长方向的压缩载荷,由此得到海冰在不同加载速率下的单轴压缩强度.在试验过程中所采用的应变率区间为4.5×10~(–5)–7.5×10~(–3)s~(–1).由于在不同加载速率下海冰应变率的不同,海冰呈现出3种不同的破坏模式:在加载速率较低时,海冰强度随加载速率的提高而增大,海冰中裂纹尖端的应力集中通过蠕变作用释放而抑制了裂纹扩展,最终呈现为韧性破坏模式;当应变率在9×10~(–4)–5×10~(–3)s~(–1)区间时,海冰内部的裂纹能够沿主轴方向稳定生长并产生贯穿整个试样的主裂纹,形成劈裂破坏,海冰则呈现为韧-脆转化破坏;当加载速率较高时,海冰试样的裂纹尖端无法稳定生长而产生斜向裂纹并构成碎裂破坏,海冰则呈现为脆性破坏模式.以上试验结果还表明,每种破坏模式均有与之对应的强度-应变率关系,且海冰在不同应变率下的破坏模式决定了其单轴压缩强度特征,是其发生韧-脆转化的主导因素.此外,本文还对海冰在不同加载速率下等效弹性模量的变化规律进行了讨论分析.     

温轧态Fe3Al-Ti合金的低温超塑性

采用拉伸试验研究了温轧态 Fe3Al- Ti合金 Fe- 2 8Al- 2 Ti的低温变形行为 .发现当应变速率为 1.2 5× 10 - 4 s- 1和 2 .5× 10 - 4 s- 1时 ,该合金在 6 0 0～ 70 0℃具有超塑性 .70 0℃时断裂延伸率可达 389%,根据试验数据计算出应变速率敏感指数一般低于 0 .3.金相组织观察表明 ,变形过程中发生了动态回复和动态再结晶 ,从而导致了温轧态 Fe3Al- Ti合金的超塑性 .     

大晶粒TiAl基合金的超塑性变形行为

研究了大晶粒 Ti- 47Al- 2 Mn- 2 Nb- B合金的高温变形行为 .该合金具有近等轴 γ组织 ,其间均匀分布着少量极细的 α2 相 .测试在空气中进行 ,试样用釉涂覆加以保护 ,温度为 10 2 5～ 110 0°C,初始应变速率范围为 (0 .0 4～1.2 8)× 10 - 3 s- 1 .该合金表现出和常规细晶超塑性材料相同的变形特征 ,而无需满足细晶和晶界滑移的先决条件 .在所研究的大多数情况下 ,均可获得 2 0 0 %以上的延伸率 .110 0°C,4× 10 - 5 s- 1均匀变形条件下可获得 2 87.5 %的最大延伸率 ,相应的应变速率敏感指数为 0 .39.超塑变形后观察到显著的晶粒细化 .     

Ru(phen)32+-SO32--Ce(Ⅳ)体系化学发光法测定葡萄酒中的亚硫酸盐总量

提出了Ru(phen)32+-SO32+-Ce(Ⅳ)体系化学发光法测定溶液中亚硫酸盐的方法.SO32-浓度与化学发光强度在1.0×10-7～1.0×10-4mol/L范围内成正比,检出限为1.97×10-7mol/L(S/N=3),1.0×10-4mol/LSO32溶液重复6次测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.9%.该方法用于测定白葡萄酒中亚硫酸盐总含量为4.006×10-5mol/L,加标回收结果令人满意.     

SCM435钢热变形动态再结晶动力学模型参数的确定

通过分析冷镦钢SCM435在温度为950～1150℃、应变速率为0.1～1s-1范围内发生动态再结晶的热/力模拟试验数据,利用其应变硬化速率θ与流变应力σ的θ-σ曲线,准确确定了其发生动态再结晶的临界应变εc、峰值应变εp、临界应力σc和峰值应力σp,用应力-应变(σ-ε)曲线方法计算SCM435钢的动态再结晶Avrami动力学曲线和时间指数n.结果表明:SCM435钢发生动态再结晶的临界应变与峰值应变的平均比值εc/εp=0.73,动态再结晶Avrami时间指数平均值n=1,91;在温度950～1150℃,应变速率0.1～1 s-1范围内,应变速率是SCM435钢的动态再结晶动力学敏感因素,温度对其影响不大;动态再结晶率50%的时间t50与应变速率成反比.     

粉末冶金法制得的白口铸铁的超塑性研究

通过快速结晶法制得了2.875％C+1.3％Cr的白口铸铁粉末。然后用热等静压方法在温度720℃,压力150MPa将粉末压3h得到了高密度的粉末压块。压块经63％的变形后,显微组织由晶粒尺寸为1～3μm的铁素体和直径小于3.5μm的渗碳体颗粒组成。在670～770℃的温度区间和3×10~(-4)～1~(s-1)的应变速率范围,对材料在热等静压后和热等静压+63％的墩粗变形后的超塑性行为进行了研究。研究结果表明:材料在720℃和3×10~(-3)～3×10~(-2s-1)的应变速率下显示出低的流动应力和高的应变速率敏感性(m=0.42)。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the