北京北海公园鸟类多样性季节变化

为了解城市公园生物多样性变化特点,于2010年5月-2011年4月在北京北海公园进行鸟类群落调查,每月进行3～4次调查,记录鸟类物种和数量,结合北海公园的自然环境,对鸟类群落结构及其季节变化进行分析.共记录到鸟类42种,隶属于10目22科.其中夏候鸟11种,冬候鸟2种,旅鸟14种,留鸟18种;国家二级保护动物2种,北京市一级保护动物6种,北京市二级保护动物17种.园内鸟类的物种数和数量有季节性差异,鸟类物种数春秋季最高,鸟类数量冬季最多.对3种生境鸟类群落的多样性及均匀性进行了分析,其中树林区鸟类多样性指数最高,为1.3265,景点区鸟类多样性指数最低,为0.4973,鸟类均匀度指数景点区最高,为0.997 6,树林区最低,为0.6355.园内优势种有麻雀Passer montanus、喜鹊Pica pica、灰喜鹊Cyanopica cyana、灰椋鸟Sturnus cineraceus、白头鹎Pycnonotus sinensis大嘴乌鸦Corous macrorh ynchos等.     

玉门地区鸟类群落结构及多样性分析

为更好地保护玉门地区鸟类资源及栖息地,于2012年6月~2013年7月,对玉门鸟类的种类、数量、分布和生境进行了多次调查,获得了详细的鸟类资料.玉门地区共有鸟类79种,隶属15目,27科,54属,其中留鸟21种,夏候鸟43种,旅鸟15种,国家重点保护鸟类10种.鸟类区系以古北界成分为主,古北界种类46种,占繁殖鸟总数的71.9%,而东洋界鸟类仅2种.本研究还分析了自然环境变迁,尤其气候变干旱和人类活动对鸟类多样性及其种群数量的影响.     

沱湖自然保护区鸟类群落结构及其多样性指数分析

2008年4月～2009年5月,采用样线法对沱湖自然保护区的鸟类物种多样性进行了调查,共记录有鸟类13目33科69种,其中国家Ⅰ类保护鸟类2种、国家Ⅱ类保护鸟类6种、安徽省地方重点保护鸟类31种.69种鸟类中古北界鸟类42种(62.0％),东洋界鸟类6种(8.5％).69种鸟类中留鸟有12种,占鸟类总数的16.9％;侯...     

唐家河自然保护区的鸟类区系研究

唐家河自然保护区有鸟类 15 8种 .繁殖鸟类 137种 ,其中古北界种类 5 6种 ,东洋界种类 6 3种 .保护区内有我国特产鸟类 2 0种 ,属于国家保护鸟类 2 2种 .该研究论述了保护区各垂直带繁殖鸟类的区系组成、优势种、常见种以及资源鸟类的类型 .     

河南省万宝山省级自然保护区鸟类区系及多样性

2009年7月～2011年12月对河南省万宝山保护区的鸟类资源进行了调查,共记录到鸟类124种,隶属16目、39科,其中雀形目鸟类57种,占鸟种总数的46.0%;留鸟37种,占总种数的29.8%;夏候鸟29种,占总种数的23.4%;冬候鸟25种,占20.2%;旅鸟33种,占26.6%.在本地区繁殖的66种鸟类中,古北界鸟类21种,占总数的31.8%;东洋界鸟类13种,占总数的19.7%;广布种32种,占总数的48.5%.国家I级保护鸟类2种,国家II级保护鸟类19种.在调查研究的基础上,本文提出了鸟类保护的一些建议.     

信阳市冬季鸟类群落组成及多样性研究

2008—2011年冬季对信阳市鸟类资源进行了调查.结果表明,该地区冬季分布鸟类46种,隶属13目26科.信阳市冬季鸟类平均密度为5.83只/hm2,鸟类多样性指数为2.404,均匀度指数为0.628,优势度指数为0.146.最后,就加强鸟类资源保护问题提出了一些见解.     

井冈山自然保护区夏季鸟类多样性分析

1994～2001年夏季对井冈山自然保护区的鸟类资源进行了考察，共记录到鸟类125种，隶属于15目，37科，对鸟类的区系组成、生态类群及数量进行了研究，该地的夏候鸟25种，留鸟82种，冬候鸟16种，旅鸟2种，东洋界鸟类67种，古北界鸟类28种，广布性鸟类30种，国家一级保护鸟类2种，二级14种；有重要经济、科研价值的鸟类83种。     

甘肃兴隆山麻家寺保护站鸟类多样性研究

2004年4月～2005年1月,对兴隆山麻家寺保护站6种生境(灌丛、阔叶林、混交林、针叶林、人工林和农田)的鸟类进行了调查,共记录鸟类69种.其中夏候鸟36种,冬候鸟2种,留鸟27种,旅鸟4种.在鸟类区系类型上,古北界44种,广布种22种,东洋界3种.麻家寺站鸟类物种数量存在季节变化,春季和夏季鸟类物种数量较秋季和冬季的多.影响麻家寺保护站鸟类物种数量变化的最直接原因是迁徙鸟类数量的变化.灌丛、阔叶林、混交林和针叶林为森林砍伐后的4个不同演替阶段.灌丛为森林早期演替阶段,能较好地维持鸟类多样性;阔叶林为演替的第二阶段,鸟类多样性和物种总数除夏季外,在4个演替阶段中最低;混交林和针叶林居中.农田和人工林是森林砍伐后的不同土地利用方式形成的两种生境,对鸟类多样性的维持起积极作用.     

贵州习水国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性及其评价

首次对贵州省习水自然保护区鸟类资源的种类、分布及蕴藏量进行了调查和分析,该地区现有鸟类147种隶属于16目36科,其中留鸟91种,夏候鸟32种,冬候鸟17种,旅鸟7种,新分布鸟类3种. 并对该地区的鸟类资源进行了评价与分析.     

三河湿地自然保护区水禽资源初步调查

2 0 0 1-2 0 0 3年对三河湿地自然保护区水禽资源进行了调查 ,结果表明 ,本区共有鸟类 7目 13科 5 6种 ,其中古北界鸟类 43种 (76.79% ) ,东洋界鸟类 7种 (12 .5 0 % ) ,广布型鸟类 6种 (10 .71% ) ,湿地水鸟组成呈现南北交错 ,以古北界为主的特征 .繁殖水鸟 10种 ,占 17.86% ,非繁殖鸟 46种 ,占 82 .14 % .在繁殖鸟中 ,古北界有 2种 ,东洋界 4种 ,广布种 4种 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.