共缩聚聚酰胺酸和聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

以4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷(MDA)为二胺单体,均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)和3,3′,4,4′-二苯酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)为二酐单体,低温溶液聚合生成一种共缩聚聚酰胺酸(PAA).然后亚胺化脱水环化生成共缩聚聚酰亚胺.通过特性粘度([η])、红外光谱(FT—IR)、热重分析(TG)和X衍射分析(XRD)等对聚合物进行了一系列的结构表征和性能测试.FT-IR表明,在1777 cm~(-1)和1723 cm~(-1)处观察到聚酰亚胺特征峰;TG表明.PI的10%热失重温度为568℃;XRD表明,PI的结晶度较低且分子链间距d为0.5069 nm.     

含氟光敏聚酰胺酸酯的合成及性能研究

以4,4'-六氟亚异丙基-邻苯二甲酸酐(6FDA),均苯四酸二酐(PMDA),4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA),丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)为单体,以N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,氮气保护下合成了光敏聚酰胺酸酯(PAE)。利用FTIR,UV,DSC-TGA等测试手段对其进行了表征。实验结果表明:以PMDA,6FDA与ODA为原料合成高分子量的聚酰胺酸(PAA)的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度控制在室温,二酐与二胺摩尔比为1.05~1.15∶1,反应时间为3~3.5h;含氟光敏聚酰胺酸酯(PAE)其紫外可见光谱的最大吸收波长为267nm;在强极性溶剂(NMP、DMF、DMSO)中具有较好的溶解性;PAE酰亚胺化后,转化为PSPI,其耐温达500℃。     

咪唑型含磷聚酰亚胺的制备与性能研究

以双(4-氨基苯基)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-磷酰基乙烷(ADOPPE)和2-(3-氨基苯基)-5-氨基苯并咪唑(i-DAPBI)为二胺原料,按一定物质的量比与4,4′-(六氟异丙烯)二酞酸酐(6-FDA)、3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐(BPDA)、3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐(BTDA)等3种不同二酐缩聚,成功得到几个不同系列的咪唑型含磷聚酰胺酸(PAAs),然后经热亚胺化制得对应的咪唑型含磷聚酰亚胺。通过FTIR对咪唑型含磷聚酰亚胺进行了结构表征;采用DSC、TGA和UV-Vis,溶解性测试、力学性能测试等分析数据比较了其综合性能。结果表明,合成的咪唑型含磷聚酰亚胺薄膜基本都具有优异的热性能、较高的透光性以及较好的力学性能。PI-a系列能很好地溶解在有机溶剂中。     

纳米Al203/PI三层复合薄膜的制备与表征

以3,3′,4,4′-二苯酮四甲酸二酐(BTDA)和4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为缩聚单体,利用高压静电纺丝技术制备出纳米Al_2O_3/PAA(聚酰胺酸)复合薄膜.以均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为原料制备出聚酰胺酸铺膜胶液,在电纺膜的两侧进行流延成膜,并热亚胺化处理.对复合薄膜进行化学组成、微观形貌、耐电晕性能、力学性能和热学性能测试分析.结果表明:复合薄膜的亚胺化较完全,纳米Al_2O_3均匀地分散在聚酰亚胺基体中,在纳米氧化铝掺杂量为6%时综合性能最佳,耐电晕老化时间为12.3 h,是未掺杂纳米氧化铝三层复合薄膜的3倍以上,拉伸强度达到最大值(174 MPa),同时断裂伸长率达到21%.纳米Al_2O_3的加入使得复合薄膜的热稳定性有所提高,起始热分解温度从578.7℃提高到591.3℃.     

含氟二胺合成及其聚酰亚胺薄膜性能研究

为改善聚酰亚胺薄膜的透明性和溶解性,通过Williamson醚化反应较高产率地合成出高纯度的2,2-双[4-(4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷,该含氟二胺与3,3’,4,4’-联苯四酸二酐(BPDA)在溶剂中缩聚得到聚酰胺酸,热亚胺化得到玻璃化转变温度Tg为350.2℃、在氮气中10%热失重温度为539.8℃、紫外截止波长为390 nm的含氟透明聚酰亚胺,并合成了联苯二酐/二苯醚二胺薄膜BPDA-ODA,通过对两种薄膜热稳定性、透光率、溶解性能的比较发现,在聚酰亚胺分子结构中引入氟原子,在不改变其热稳定性的前提下,可明显改善聚酰亚胺的透明性和溶解性。     

高耐热高附着力共聚型聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

以自制的二胺-二(3-胺基苯)-3,5-二(三氟甲基)苯基氧化膦(mDA6FPPO),4,4’-(1,3-苯二醚)二胺( PDODA)和二酐二苯酮四酸二酐(BTDA)进行共聚制得了高耐热高附着力的难溶性聚酰亚胺.测定了其特性粘度为0.414 dL/g;在氮气氛中5％的热分解温度(Td)高达580℃,10％热分解温度(T...     

MIL-101(Cr)/共聚酰亚胺混合基质CO2/CH4分离膜的性能表征

为了有效提高膜分离技术对CO2/CH4 混合气的分离效果,以2-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)六氟丙烷二酐(6FDA)为二酐单体、2,4,6-三甲基-1,3-苯二胺(TMPDA)和2,6-二氨基甲苯(2,6-DAT)为二胺单体,制备新型6FDA 型聚酰亚胺共聚物6FDA-TMPDA/2,6-DAT.将金属有机骨架(MOF)材...     

含非对称苝二酰亚胺侧链多肽的合成

苝二酰亚胺及其衍生物因具有独特的光物理和电化学性质而备受关注。为了获得具有新颖光物理性质的苝二酰亚胺材料,对其结构进行了修饰。以3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酐为起始原料,分步与环己胺和L-Ala-D-Leu-(N-Me)-Ala-D-Leu-Ally四肽进行氨解反应,用于合成不对称的苝二酰亚胺侧链多肽。考察了物料比、溶剂、催化剂等因素对反应的影响,确定了较优的反应条件。结果表明:当物料比n(苝酐)∶n(环己胺)=1∶6、乙醇/水为溶剂(V(乙醇)∶V(水)=4∶1)、于70℃反应6h,可得到中间产物N-环己基-3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸-3,4-酸酐-9,10-酰亚胺;后者再与LAla-D-Leu-(N-Me)-Ala-D-Leu-Ally链状四肽在咪唑中混合,以4-二甲氨基吡啶(以下简称DMAP)为催化剂,于120℃反应4h,可得到目标化合物N-环己基-N’-(L-Ala-D-Leu-(N-Me)-Ala-D-Leu-Ally)-3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酰亚胺,总收率为32.6%;得到的产物通过ESI-MS和1 HNHR进行了结构表征。该合成方法反应条件温和,操作简便,为制备非对称结构的苝二酰亚胺类化合物提供了一条便捷途径。     

聚酰亚胺纳米纤维碳化及其储电性能研究

以联苯四甲酸二酐和对苯二胺为单体,在低温下反应形成聚酰胺酸溶液,电纺该溶液形成聚酰胺酸纳米纤维布,并热亚胺化和碳化形成碳纳米纤维布,用热天平、扫描电镜等手段对纳米纤维的尺寸、形貌、导电性以及碳化过程进行了观察和表征.通过模拟电容器实验,对碳纳米纤维布作为超级电容器电极材料使用时的储电性能进行了检验,测得这种碳纳米纤维布在0.5 mol/L高氯酸锂-乙腈电介质中的最高比电容量为118.5 F/g.     

含有生物质纤维的聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备及性能测试

聚酰亚胺(polyimides,PI)是以二酐或二胺合成的耐高温聚合物,因其耐高温性能强成为使用温度最高的工业化聚合物材料之一。针对目前PI薄膜在强度方面存在的断裂延伸率低、拉伸强度低等问题,通过调节聚合物的质量浓度、比例、加料方式、加入生物质纤维等方式制得了不同强度的聚酰亚胺薄膜。以4,4-二氨基二苯醚和3,3,4,4-联苯四甲酸二酐作为反应的前驱体,在交联剂的存在下,采用正加料法制备聚酰胺酸(polymer polyacrylic acid, PAA),将制备好的PAA放置在表面铺有均匀藕丝的培养皿中,加热使其亚胺化,制得聚酰亚胺薄膜。结果表明含有藕丝的聚酰亚胺薄膜的断后标距和弹性模量均低于未掺杂藕丝的薄膜,其中PI-2%藕丝断裂延伸率为6.49%,抗拉强度达67.33 MPa,最大力数据为57.47 N,远高于未掺杂藕丝薄膜力学数据。研究表明藕丝纤维的加入在一定程度上增强了薄膜的力学性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.