光子的旋量波动方程

给出自由和非自由光子的旋量波动方程及光子自旋算符与自旋波函数.通过计算光子的螺旋度,证明存在左旋和右旋光子.由单光子自旋波函数得到两光子或多光子的自旋波函数,并给出多光子的自旋纠缠态.     

一维光子晶体的量子透射特性

用光的量子理论方法研究一维光子晶体的量子透射特性,先给出一维光子晶体的量子转移矩阵和量子透射率,再计算缺陷层数目、厚度及折射率变化对一维光子晶体量子透射特性的影响.结果表明,缺陷层参数的变化对禁带位置、缺陷模位置和强度均产生影响.     

三模系统二阶非线性诱导的非传统光子阻塞

基于三模二阶非线性系统, 推导一个Hamilton量. 在双模驱动的条件下, 先用该Hamilton量与常规非厄米Hamilton方法, 得到发生非传统阻塞的最佳解析条件, 再通过求解主方程的稳态解及二阶关联函数, 得到发生阻塞的数值解.     

两光子的自旋态与纠缠态

用量子理论方法给出两光子的自旋态, 即通过2个单光子自旋态的直积并叠加得到两光子的自旋本征态, 从而给出两光子的纠缠态, 所得结果与用经典极化矢量表示的两光子纠缠态不同, 该结果可应用于量子通讯和量子计算中.     

量子方法研究光子单缝和多缝衍射光强分布

结合量子方法研究光子在单缝和多缝中的衍射.首先利用光子满足的薛定谔方程得出光子在屏上光强表达式,然后通过基尔霍夫公式得出光强与缝宽、缝长、缝厚和光波长的定量关系.与实验和经典理论的对比结果表明,它们之间相互吻合很好.     

耗散介观电子谐振腔的量子kirchhoff方程与量子能谱

基于电荷离散化的事实,实现对耗散介观电子谐振腔的量子化.运用Heisenberg运动方程给出体系的量子kirchhoff方程;通过求解体系Hamilton算符的本征值方程分析和研究体系的量子能谱性质.结果表明,量子回路方程、量子能谱均与电荷的量子性质有关.     

光子气体量子相变对原子衰减率的影响

本文在二维非线性光学微腔中研究了光子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC),并研究了光子气体量子相变对原子衰减率的影响.我们发现,纯光子对凝聚相原子衰减率是温度依赖的,随着系统温度的升高,系统自由能增大,原子衰减率也相应变大.     

一维光子晶体透射特性的量子效应

给出非垂直入射时一维光子晶体的量子透射率,分别研究缺陷层、入射角度、介质层厚度以及介质层折射率对一维光子晶体透射特性的影响,并将所得结果与经典方法所得结果进行比较.结果表明,当光以一定角度入射一维光子晶体时,量子方法与经典方法的结果存在差异,具有一定的量子效应.     

具有不寻常角动量的非常光子

作为光子Schrodinger方程的一般解,我们构造出了一系列新颖的光子态矢函数.它们由光子的三重态本征态矢函数组成,包括一对非零的l阶本征态矢函数和单个的零阶本征态矢函数.由这些三重态本征态矢函数描述的光子具有单光子全部的量子特征：除了共同的属性诸如能量E=hω,动量ps=hκ之外,这些光子还表现出不同的角动量属性,分别是Ls＋=lh,Ls-=-lh和Ls0=0;其中l≥1,也就是说,除了普通的一阶本征值Ls±=±h之外,对于单光子的角动量,实际上还存在不寻常的非零阶本征值Ls±=±lh和零阶本征值Ls0=0.利用该系列态矢函数,Laguerre-Gaussian模式结构激光束所显示出来的花样得以从量子力学的观点得到圆满解释,无论这些花样是非零的l阶模式,还是零阶模式.     

相干反Stokes Raman效应的微分强度

以量子电动力学的基本理论为依据,从最一般的四光子过程入手,给出了相干反Stokes Raman效应的量子解积.     

激光对磁振子压缩态的作用

压缩态的量子起伏低于相干态相应的量子起伏．同声子和光子比较，自旋波的元激发——磁振子，也属于玻色子；在粒子数表像中，磁振子的哈密顿量在形式上与光子和声子的哈密顿量相似，因而磁振子的压缩态是可能存在的．通过测量在激光场下自旋分量的量子涨落，可以获得材料的性能参数．     

失谐力光系统中的光子-声子转换和基态冷却

研究由辐射压力引起Fabry-Perot力光腔中动力学行为.从力光系统哈密顿量出发,探讨在失谐条件下力光腔中量子现象.引入散射矩阵方案来论证光子和声子以有效并且可逆方转换.这对于光学光子和微械阵子之间量子态转变提供了一个可行方案.光声转变预着一可行量子光学器件.同我们用量子郎之万方法和主方程方法这两方法推导最声子占有数来研究械振子态冷却,并且对这两方法进行了参数比较.出在么条件下哪方法更实用.     

爱因斯坦在1916:从引力波到量子电磁辐射理论

 1916年,爱因斯坦预言引力波,并提出量子电磁辐射理论、完善光子概念、指出量子过程的内在随机性。百年之后,爱因斯坦预言的引力波通过激光的干涉被探测到,而激光正是基于爱因斯坦的量子电磁辐射理论。引力波探测技术还与爱因斯坦的光子概念和布朗运动理论相关。因此引力波首次被直接探测是对爱因斯坦广义相对论、量子电磁辐射理论2 方面工作的100 周年纪念。本文梳理引力波探测技术中的“爱因斯坦元素”,即激光、光子和热噪声,然后通过对第一手资料特别是爱因斯坦那段时期的信件的分析考证,回顾爱因斯坦在1916年的研究历程,寻找爱因斯坦在引力波和量子电磁辐射理论2方面工作的历史联系。     

中国股票市场的波函数

基于量子力学的基本假设,对Zhang和Huang提出的股票市场量子模型进行了改进,构建新的股票市场的哈密顿函数。通过求解相应的薛定谔方程,得到描述股票收益率的波函数。从理论上验证了在中国股票市场上,股票的价格受到市场信息的影响,因利好信息而升高,因不利信息而下降。     

Quantum storage of optical signals and coherent manipulation of quantum states based on electromagnetically induced transparency

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) techniques are important tools for the storage of the quantum states of light fields in atomic ensembles and for enhancement of the interaction between photons. In this paper, we briefly summarize the recent experimental studies conducted by our group on enhanced cross-phase modulation based on double EIT effects, the quantum interference of stored dual-channel spin-wave excitations and the coherent manipulation of the spin wave vector for the polarization of photons in a single tripod atomic system. The work presented here has potential application in the developing field of quantum information processing.     

Single photons on demand from a single molecule at room temperature

The generation of non-classical states of light is of fundamental scientific and technological interest. For example, 'squeezed' states enable measurements to be performed at lower noise levels than possible using classical light. Deterministic (or triggered) single-photon sources exhibit non-classical behaviour in that they emit, with a high degree of certainty, just one photon at a user-specified time. (In contrast, a classical source such as an attenuated pulsed laser emits photons according to Poisson statistics.) A deterministic source of single photons could find applications in quantum information processing, quantum cryptography and certain quantum computation problems. Here we realize a controllable source of single photons using optical pumping of a single molecule in a solid. Triggered single photons are produced at a high rate, whereas the probability of simultaneous emission of two photons is nearly zero--a useful property for secure quantum cryptography. Our approach is characterized by simplicity, room temperature operation and improved performance compared to other triggered sources of single photons.     

Quantum interference between two single photons emitted by independently trapped atoms

When two indistinguishable single photons are fed into the two input ports of a beam splitter, the photons will coalesce and leave together from the same output port. This is a quantum interference effect, which occurs because two possible paths-in which the photons leave by different output ports-interfere destructively. This effect was first observed in parametric downconversion (in which a nonlinear crystal splits a single photon into two photons of lower energy), then from two separate downconversion crystals, as well as with single photons produced one after the other by the same quantum emitter. With the recent developments in quantum information research, much attention has been devoted to this interference effect as a resource for quantum data processing using linear optics techniques. To ensure the scalability of schemes based on these ideas, it is crucial that indistinguishable photons are emitted by a collection of synchronized, but otherwise independent sources. Here we demonstrate the quantum interference of two single photons emitted by two independently trapped single atoms, bridging the gap towards the simultaneous emission of many indistinguishable single photons by different emitters. Our data analysis shows that the observed coalescence is mainly limited by wavefront matching of the light emitted by the two atoms, and to a lesser extent by the motion of each atom in its own trap.     

非厄米非旋波量子系统

根据绝热捷径技术设计一种添加非厄米反向透热Hamilton量的方法, 并研究非旋波近似下的两能级量子系统. 结果表明: 该Hamilton量具有非平衡的增益耗散项, 可实现布居数完全转移; 该方法对参数具有较强的鲁棒性； 增大不平衡的增益耗散比率可大幅度缩短演化时间.     

Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device

Single-photon sources have recently been demonstrated using a variety of devices, including molecules, mesoscopic quantum wells, colour centres, trapped ions and semiconductor quantum dots. Compared with a Poisson-distributed source of the same intensity, these sources rarely emit two or more photons in the same pulse. Numerous applications for single-photon sources have been proposed in the field of quantum information, but most--including linear-optical quantum computation--also require consecutive photons to have identical wave packets. For a source based on a single quantum emitter, the emitter must therefore be excited in a rapid or deterministic way, and interact little with its surrounding environment. Here we test the indistinguishability of photons emitted by a semiconductor quantum dot in a microcavity through a Hong-Ou-Mandel-type two-photon interference experiment. We find that consecutive photons are largely indistinguishable, with a mean wave-packet overlap as large as 0.81, making this source useful in a variety of experiments in quantum optics and quantum information.