超弹性SMA丝力学性能试验及新型阻尼器设计

通过大量工况下的超弹性形状记忆合金丝循环拉伸试验,分析不同丝径、循环次数、加载速率、应变幅值、环境温度等因素对超弹性SMA应力应变曲线及各力学性能参数的影响,得出影响SMA超弹性性能的主要因素及变化规律.结果表明,应变幅值和加载速率是影响SMA耗能能力的主要因素,且经一定次数循环拉伸训练后SMA能具备稳定的耗能阻尼性能,是制作阻尼器用于结构振动控制的理想材料.基于应变幅值对SMA丝耗能效果的影响,文章设计了一种位移旋转放大型SMA阻尼器,能放大SMA丝的变形,增强其在结构小位移时的耗能效果.     

新型SMA-粘滞阻尼器的试验研究

 研究了常温下NiTi形状记忆合金（SMA）丝的超弹性性能以及在不同加载频率下的滞回性能,获得了其力学参数;基于NiTi SMA丝和成品粘滞阻尼器设计研制了一种新型SMA-粘滞阻尼器,并通过试验研究了SMA-粘滞阻尼器加载频率与耗能能力、等效阻尼比、等效刚度间的关系。研究结果表明,所研制的SMA-粘滞阻尼器具有优良的耗能能力,适合于长周期结构的振动控制。     

SMA耗能阻尼器性能测试与回归分析

对形状记忆合金(SMA)耗能阻尼器力学性能试验得到的力-行程数据,按最大行程和频率进行分区拟合,建立了SMA阻尼器等效刚度和等效阻尼比等有关特征参数的经验计算公式,通过计算值与试验值的比较和误差分析,验证了所得公式的可靠性.最后文章分析了加载频率和最大行程对SMA阻尼器力学特征参数的影响规律.     

基于SMA阻尼器的长拉索系统振动控制研究

 基于形状记忆合金（SMA）的超弹性性能开展了以下研究：①设计研制了一种拉压型SMA 阻尼器,并通过试验得到了SMA 阻尼器的特征参数,进一步研究了SMA 阻尼器初应变、加载位移行程与阻尼器等效刚度、等效阻尼比以及耗能能力间的关系;②根据Hamilton原理,推导了SMA阻尼器 长拉索系统的非线性振动微分方程,并通过试验验证了理论推导的正确性;③研究了自由振动下SMA阻尼器对长拉索位移以及加速度响应的影响。研究结果表明,SMA 阻尼器对长拉索具有明显的减振效果,可以有效减少拉索的振动位移以及加速度幅值,大幅度提高了长拉索振动衰减速度。     

基于SMA阻尼器的大跨桥梁地震位移控制分析

通过超弹性形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,简称SMA)拉伸试验研究,建立了SMA四折线本构模型.利用SMA超弹滞回耗能特性,提出一种拉压型SMA阻尼器,并给出其最大输出控制力的计算公式.针对某七跨连续刚构桥,分析了桥梁伸缩缝在无限位器、安装钢棒限位器和安装超弹性SMA阻尼器3种情况下的地震位移.结果表明:安装SMA阻尼器后,伸缩缝处相对位移降低80.3%,中跨跨中水平位移和竖向位移分别降低78.8%和65.9%.因此,SMA阻尼器可以有效控制桥梁结构地震位移,对桥段相对位移的控制效果优于钢棒限位器.     

SMA金属橡胶阻尼器的减振性能及其在防高墩桥梁地震碰撞中的应用

通过伪静力试验探讨了加载频率和位移幅值对形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)金属橡胶阻尼器中SMA金属橡胶元件的刚度和阻尼特性等力学性能的影响,结果表明,SMA金属橡胶刚度随加载频率和位移幅值的增大而增大,能量耗散系数Ψ基本不受加载频率影响但随位移幅值的增大而减小。通过地震模拟振动台试验探讨了SMA金属橡胶阻尼器的减振效能,然后针对高墩桥梁,在考虑行波效应的地震多点激励作用下,对比分析未设置和设置防碰撞阻尼器的高墩桥梁非线性地震反应,研究其在地震作用下的控制效能,结果表明,防碰撞阻尼器可以有效防止主梁与主梁之间以及主梁与挡块之间的地震碰撞,并限制了桥墩的位移,从而减轻桥墩的地震破损,因此在高墩桥梁碰撞位置(伸缩缝处或接缝处)设置防碰撞阻尼器有助于提高桥梁整体抗震性能,但设置防碰撞阻尼器有可能增加主梁地震破损的可能性以及桥梁支座反应的不确定性。     

SMA超弹性阻尼特性的试验研究

通过试验,研究了温度、加载速率、应变幅值、循环次数、施加预应力等因素对SMA和-种CT形SMA阻尼器的影响,研究结果表明:利用SMA的超弹性阻尼特性可以研制出性能良好的耗能减震装置,在土木工程的抗震加固方面有较好的应用前景.     

NiTi形状记忆合金丝拉伸试验研究

通过对常温下的NiTi形状记忆合金丝进行拉伸试验,研究这种形状记忆合金材料的超弹性能力和加卸载循环下的耗能能力.根据试验结果分析应变幅值、加载频率和循环次数对这种记忆合金材料在奥氏体状态下加卸载循环时的等效刚度、单位循环的耗能能力和等效阻尼比的影响,并对三个特征参数随工作温度变化的规律进行了理论分析,为形状记忆合金阻尼器在工程结构中的应用奠定基础.     

超弹性NiTi丝力学性能试验研究

本文对NiTi形状记忆合金丝的超弹性性能进行了试验研究,验证其用于被动控制装置的可行性。研究了常温下加载速率、应变幅值、循环次数等加载工况对形状记忆合金的相变应力、耗能能力、变形模量、等效阻尼比及残余应变等力学性能参数的影响规律。试验分析结果表明,NiTi丝具有良好的耗能性能、较大的可恢复变形,是制作被动阻尼器装置的良好材料。为进一步开发新型SMA被动阻尼器奠定了基础。     

多遇地震下SMA-叠层橡胶支座力学性能模拟

为研究所设计的形状记忆合金(SMA)-叠层橡胶支座在多遇地震下的隔震性能.采用AuricchioSacco本构模型对SMA材料进行数值模拟,验证此本构模型能够较好的描述SMA材料的超弹性特性;对SMA材料进行了超弹性拉伸试验,研究了应变幅值、加载速率和循环次数等因素对SMA超弹性力学性能的影响;通过建立SMA-叠层橡胶支座模型,有限元分析得到恢复力-位移滞回曲线,分析了位移和荷载变量对支座的等效水平刚度、等效阻尼比和单位循环耗能的关系.结果表明:SMA-叠层橡胶支座在多遇地震下表现出较好的耗能能力和水平刚度,且随着地震灾害的加剧,这些优良特性表现出稳定上升趋势,说明SMA-叠层橡胶支座确实具有有更理想的隔震效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-