从鸡骨中提取骨胶原的酶解工艺研究

以鸡骨为原料,研究了胃蛋白酶酶解提取骨胶原的工艺.原料先用乙醚脱脂,然后用0.5 mol/L的盐酸溶液处理24 h以除去杂质,再以乙酸溶液为酶解溶剂来提取骨胶原.研究结果表明,最佳酶解条件为:温度45℃,乙酸溶液浓度0.7 mol/L,酶解时间36 h.在此工艺条件下,胶原蛋白含量为63.98%,钙含量为39.07 mg/g.     

碱性蛋白酶提取牦牛皮胶原蛋白的工艺研究

为了改变牦牛原料皮传统制革的利用方法,实现其经济效益最大化和利用方式绿色化。文中对牦牛皮的基本组成进行了分析,且通过单因素试验法,并在其基础上设计了正交试验,从效率、资源、能源、经济等方面对碱性蛋白酶提取牦牛皮胶原蛋白的最佳工艺进行了研究。结果表明:牦牛皮中含有丰富的胶原蛋白,占到其干重的74.98%;同时碱性蛋白酶酶解牦牛皮制备胶原蛋白的最佳工艺条件为碱性蛋白酶用量为1.5%、温度36℃、液比1∶35和浸提时间12 h。由此可使碱性蛋白酶提取牦牛皮胶原蛋白的提取率达到68.3%。     

罗非鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取工艺研究

研究用胃蛋白酶从罗非鱼鳞中提取胶原蛋白的工艺。根据测定水解液中羟脯氨酸(HYP)的含量计算胶原蛋白提取率,采用单因素和正交试验确定胃蛋白酶水解鱼鳞制备胶原蛋白的适宜酶解条件。结果表明,采用底物质量分数7%,胃蛋白酶酶解罗非鱼鳞制备胶原蛋白的适宜温度、pH、加酶量、时间分别为65℃、2.0、2%、2 h。在适宜工艺条件下,胶原蛋白提取率可达94.24%。     

酶解法提取草鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白的工艺研究

对酶解法提取草鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白的工艺进行了研究,以胶原蛋白提取率作为评价指标,选择选择酶解温度、pH值、加酶量、酶解时间作为考察因素,进行了正交试验,确定最佳的提取工艺方案为A2B2C3D1,即酶解温度30℃,pH值4,加酶量2％,酶解时间1h.在该条件下草鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取率为92.28％.     

梅花鹿茸中胶原蛋白提取制备工艺研究

本研究对梅花鹿茸不溶于任何中等极性溶剂的组分,选取木瓜蛋白酶对不溶性组分进行酶解提取制备梅花鹿茸胶原蛋白,通过单因素和正交试验以梅花鹿茸胶原蛋白提取率为指标确定最优酶解条件为:在10℃条件下,最适酶用量2%、PH值6.0、体积比1:20、酶解时间66h.按此条件提取得到的梅花鹿茸胶原蛋白提取率为54.59%。     

酶法制备鹿骨多肽的工艺研究

目的探讨鹿骨多肽胰蛋白酶酶解的最优工艺.方法采用热水抽提法提取鹿骨中的胶原蛋白,再经胃、胰蛋白酶酶解,制得鹿骨多肽,该实验先以鹿骨蛋白产率为指标,确定了鹿骨蛋白最佳提取时间,再以鹿骨多肽的水解度为指标,通过单因素和正交实验优化鹿骨多肽的胰蛋白酶酶解工艺.结果鹿骨多肽最佳制备条件:底物浓度为4%,酶的用量为7 500 U/g,pH=8. 0,温度37℃,时间为4 h,此时水解度为24. 52%.结论此工艺确定了热水抽提法提取鹿骨蛋白及胃、胰蛋白酶水解制备鹿骨多肽的最优工艺,为分离纯化鹿骨活性肽奠定了基础.     

响应面法优化酶解提取鳊鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白的工艺研究

采用响应面法对酶解提取鳊鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白的工艺进行优化。在单因素实验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken实验设计的原理,以酶解温度、pH值、酶解时间为自变量,以胶原蛋白含量为响应值进行响应面优化分析。结果表明:设定的3个影响鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取效果的因素,其影响大小依次为pH值酶解温度酶解时间;优化分析获得鱼鳞胶原蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:酶解温度31.32℃、pH值4.24、酶解时间1.95 h、加酶量1.5%,胶原蛋白的含量为883.64 mg/g。为了方便实际操作,将鱼鳞胶原蛋白的最优工艺条件修正为:酶解温度31℃,pH值4.2,提取时间2 h、加酶量1.5%,实际得到胶原蛋白含量为881.78 mg/g,实验结果与理论值基本吻合,说明模型的可靠性较高。     

大米蛋白水解条件的响应面法优化

运用响应面法优化大米蛋白酶法水解条件,提高大米蛋白水解度和提取率。本研究首先应用单因素实验法分析酶添加量、温度、pH值以及酶解时间对大米蛋白水解的影响;然后在单因素实验基础上,进一步采用Box-Behnken法进行实验设计,考察上述4个因素对大米蛋白水解度和蛋白质提取率的影响。研究结果表明最佳酶解条件为温度62℃,酶添加量2.5%,pH值8.2,酶解时间10.5h,此时大米蛋白的水解度可达到41.5%,蛋白质提取率可达93.1%。研究成果可为酶解制备可溶性大米蛋白肽的工业化应用提供参考。     

褐球固氮菌和荧光假单胞菌原生质体制备条件的研究

为了利用原生质体融合技术获得同时具备固氮、解磷、抑病等活性的多功能菌株,本文对褐球固氮菌A41和荧光假单胞菌P32原生质体的制备条件进行了研究。通过对菌龄、酶解温度、酶浓度、酶解时间等影响因素的正交实验确定了褐球固氮菌A41和假单胞菌P32原生质体制备的最佳条件。实验结果表明,固氮菌A41最佳制备条件为菌龄20h、酶解温度37℃、酶浓度3mg/mL、酶解时间45min;假单胞菌P32最佳制备条件为菌龄20h、酶解温度37℃、酶浓度2mg/mL、酶解时间30min。     

血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制肽的酶法制备

以扇贝裙边的酶解产物——蛋白多肽对ACE活性的抑制率作为控制水解程度的指标,确定制备ACE活性抑制肽的最佳酶种及酶解工艺技术条件.通过胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、复合风味酶、枯草杆菌蛋白酶5种酶酶解扇贝裙边得到的蛋白多肽对ACE抑制能力的比较发现,5种酶在不同酶解时间所得到的酶解蛋白多肽都具有一定的ACE抑制能力,其中胃蛋白酶酶解蛋白多肽的ACE抑制率最高,为91.33%;再经L9(3)4正交实验对胃蛋白酶酶解工艺条件进行优化,确定酶解反应最佳条件是酶量400 U.g-底1物,pH 2.5,温度32℃,底物浓度(原料∶水)1∶2,酶解时间3 h;试验结果还表明,单酶(胃蛋白酶)的酶解蛋白多肽比复合酶(复合风味酶)和双酶(胃蛋白酶 木瓜蛋白酶)的酶解蛋白多肽对ACE活性的抑制能力都强.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-