L形拱肋加固拱桥受力机理研究

为了研究L形拱肋加固拱桥的机理,依托实际工程,采用大型有限元程序对L形拱肋加固法进行建模分析。结果表明:L形拱肋加固拱桥既能分担原主拱承受的外荷载,使原主拱最大压应力减小;又能改善原主拱的受力模式,使其实际拱轴线与合理拱轴线吻合更好更趋近于"轴心受压"L形拱肋截面设计时,应以L形拱肋与原主拱合理的抗压刚度比控制为主,抗弯刚度比控制为辅。L形拱肋加固拱桥,宜采用满堂支架及兼顾换填桥面铺装的施工方法,以利于L形拱肋恒载轴力的形成,优化其受力状态避免出现拉应力或混凝土开裂现象。     

下承式X型双肋拱内倾角度对横向稳定性影响研究

运用空间有限元法,分析了下承式X型双肋拱桥各结构参数与合理内倾角度的关系.通过回归方法,得出了下承式双肋拱桥拱肋合理内倾角度的近似表达式.结果表明:对于下承式双肋拱桥,拱肋内倾时能否提高拱的横向稳定性与拱系的宽跨比、横系梁在拱肋切向平面内的抗弯刚度、横系梁的数量等参数有关.当采用合理内倾角度时可有效提高拱的横向稳定性,并取得较好的经济效益.     

钢管混凝土哑铃形截面拱桥应用与分析

为对钢管混凝土哑铃形截面拱桥的工程应用与研究提供参考,文中根据收集到的大量已建钢管混凝土哑铃形截面拱桥基础资料,介绍了哑铃形截面拱桥的发展概况、桥跨结构类型、拱肋截面受力特点和各类哑铃形拱桥常用施工方法,并对其结构与构造的主要参数,如拱轴线形、矢跨比、宽跨比、拱肋跨高比、拱肋截面高宽比、拱肋材料特性、横撑和吊杆布置等进行统计分析,提出了钢管混凝土哑铃形截面拱桥主要设计参数的取值范围。分析表明:大多数哑铃形拱桥的矢跨比f/L在0.2~0.25范围;矢跨比为0.2的桥梁最多,约占桥例总数50%;拱肋跨高比L/h主要分布在30~50范围,跨高比一般随跨径增大而增大;拱肋截面高宽比h/d与跨径关系很小,不同跨径区间哑铃形拱桥的高宽比都集中2.5左右,其中高宽比在2~3范围的桥梁占总数90%以上。     

上承式拱桥新型加固改造方法及试验验证

早期的上承式拱桥受限于设计荷载等级偏低、维护养护不到位和已运营多年等，其力学性能已不能满足现代交通需求，针对这一问题本文提出了一种新型的加固改造方法，即在拱肋与主梁间增设V杆、桥面上安装桁片，使以拱肋为主要承重构件的受力体系转变为双层桁架整体受力体系。为评估该方法的加固效果，以某50 m上承式拱桥为研究对象，运用有限元手段对比分析加固前后的力学性能。为进一步验证新加固改造法对提高原结构力学性能的有效性，完成10 m试验桥的荷载试验并对比分析结果。两种结果均表明：新型加固改造方法可以大幅提高桥梁承载力与刚度。对实桥进行有限元分析时，加固改造后拱脚和跨中最大压应力分别减小2.9、2.3 MPa,主梁最大上、下挠分别减小35.08%、27.42%;对试验桥进行静载加载时，加固改造后拱肋上缘与下缘最大应力分别减小82.68%、78.14%,拱肋最大上、下挠值分别减小97.47%、90.30%。故该加固改造方法积极有效，可尽早应用于工程实际。     

刚架拱桥拱索加固体系的受力特性

对某钢筋混凝土刚架拱桥提出了采用拱索体系的加固方法,用空间有限元对其受力特性进行了分析,并与试验测试值进行了比较.研究结果表明,对于用钢缆索斜拉法加固刚架拱桥的新结构,其空间受力效应明显;对处于软土地基上的桥的动力特征分析,必须考虑桥台与地基土壤之问的弹性抗力作用;原拱桥的面外刚度比面内刚度大,反映原拱桥具有足够的横向刚度.     

钢管混凝土哑铃形截面提篮型标准拱桥的构建与分析

在统计数据的基础上,构建钢管混凝土哑铃形截面提篮型标准拱桥,提出主要构造参数的合理取值范围,并进行极限稳定承载力分析. 分析结果表明,对于此标准拱桥的面外稳定性而言,存在一个较优拱肋倾角9°,其系梁刚度与拱肋刚度比值应接近1.0,宽跨比取值建议为0.095. 吊杆非保向力效应在拱肋倾角大于6°后逐渐增大,在系梁与拱肋刚度比大于1.0时趋于稳定,总体而言对结构的横向稳定性约有1.15倍的提升.     

下承式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥拱脚局部应力分析

拱脚是钢管混凝土拱肋向混凝土的过渡段,局部构造复杂,是拱梁组合桥的关键部位,其受力性能对全桥承载能力和跨越能力至关重要。运用ANSYS软件建立拱脚三维空间有限元模型,计算分析了拱脚在拱肋张拉吊杆前后两种工况下应力的空间分布。根据分析结果可以得到,拱脚受力以纵向压力为主,应力分布较为均匀;局部出现小范围拉应力,且拉应力值不大。因此,在整个拱桥结构中,拱脚受力合理,满足实际工程需要。     

蝴蝶型拱桥稳定性参数分析

建立实桥有限元模型,研究蝴蝶拱桥稳定性能,对不同荷载作用、矢跨比、主拱倾角、拱肋连杆位置及构件刚度等参数进行分析.分析结果表明:选择合理主拱矢跨比与外倾角可使蝴蝶拱获得更优稳定性;跨中处肋间连杆对稳定性影响大;构件刚度对结构稳定的影响度依次为主拱肋、肋间连杆及副拱肋.     

谈钢管混凝土拱肋的截面设计

本文对钢管混凝土拱桥各种拱肋断面形式及其特点进行了讨论。结果表明：对中小跨径钢管混凝土拱桥,拱肋采用单管式截面为好;对大中跨径钢管混凝土拱桥,拱肋采用双管式“哑铃‘型截面最合理;对大跨径钢管混凝土拱桥,拱肋采用多管式截面为好。     

提高拱梁固结拱桥刚度的有效方法

拱梁固结拱桥通过主梁作为刚性系杆来平衡拱的推力,但也带来结构刚度下降的不利影响,这使该类拱桥在高速铁路上的应用受到了一定的限制,为了解决这个问题,提出一种新的拱桥加以解决.其做法是,首先在每条拱肋和主梁之间增加10根刚性斜杆与拱肋及主梁节段形成11个三角形结构,尽可能通过三角形角点对拱肋均匀约束,提高拱肋的线刚度;其次,保证有三角形角点落在原结构拱肋位移包络图的最大位移处及主梁跨中位置处,使主梁或拱肋的薄弱点得到加强,线刚度亦得到提高.研究表明,新型拱桥在材料增加很少甚至相同的条件下,其整体刚度均能大幅度提高.还对疲劳和温度响应作了深入的研究,通过有限元分析表明,该结构对疲劳和温度也有很好的适应性.新型拱桥良好的刚度特性对高速铁路桥特别适用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.