纤维素酶法提取花生壳中木犀草素工艺研究

研究纤维素酶法提取花生壳中木犀草素的最佳工艺条件。方法:采用紫外分光光度计在波长为n=408nm处测定木犀草素含量,以提取率为指标,分别考察了料液比、酶用量、酶解时间、酶解温度、回流时间对其含量的影响。纤维素酶酶解花生壳的最佳工艺条件:料液比1:8(w/v)、酶用量0.1%、酶解时间1.5h、酶解温度50℃、回流时间1.5h。     

荷叶中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺研究

对从荷叶中提取黄酮类化合物的工艺进行了研究.在提取过程中,通过单因素试验分析了提取液浓度、提取温度、提取时间及料液比等4个主要因素对提取率的影响.在单因素的基础上,通过正交试验,得到最佳提取工艺,乙醇浓度为70%,料液比为1∶40,提取温度为80℃,提取时间为3 h.     

银杏叶荷叶总黄酮的提取及保健饮料的研制

以总黄酮为评价指标,优化银杏叶和荷叶的浸提工艺;以感官质量为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验设计优化银杏叶荷叶保健饮料工艺.结果表明:银杏叶总黄酮的最佳浸提工艺为:80℃浸提50 min,此条件下银杏叶总黄酮提取率为8.78 mg/g;荷叶总黄酮的最佳浸提工艺为:90℃浸提50 min,此条件下荷叶总黄酮提取率为53.50 mg/g.银杏叶荷叶保健饮料的最优配方为:银杏叶浸提液15%(体积百分比浓度),荷叶浸提液20%(体积百分比浓度),白砂糖10%(质量百分比浓度),柠檬酸0.15%(质量百分比浓度).此条件下,银杏叶荷叶保健饮料酸甜适中,色泽均匀,总黄酮含量为0.68 mg/mL.     

纤维素酶提取灵芝多糖的单因素研究

利用纤维素酶从灵芝子实体中提取灵芝多糖,通过单因素实验研究酶量、酶解时间、料液比、酶解温度对灵芝多糖提取率的影响。实验结果表明:纤维素酶能够显著提高灵芝多糖的提取率,提取的最佳工艺条件为酶量2.0%,酶解时间90min,料液比1:30,温度50℃。     

蛹虫草菌丝体胞内多糖提取方法的研究

文中以提取温度、料液比、提取时间和提取次数为因素,采用正交试验研究热水浸提的最佳提取条件,并以此为基础研究热水浸提、冷热交替浸提、盐酸溶液浸提和氢氧化钠溶液浸提对蛹虫草菌丝体胞内多糖提取率的影响. 结果表明:热水浸提的最佳提取工艺为:m(料): V(液) = 1: 40,提取温度75 ℃,提取时间2.5 h,提取2次,多糖的提取率为14.74%,其中料液比为影响多糖提取率主要的因素,其他因素依次是提取温度、提取时间和提取次数. 按照此工艺,热冷交替浸提(热水浸提2.5 h + 冷水浸提48 h)多糖提取率最高,为15.92%. 55 g.L-1的氢氧化钠溶液浸提多糖的提取率为6.31%;25 gL-1的盐酸溶液浸提多糖的提取率为9.93%. 因此,冷热交替浸提对蛹虫草菌丝体胞内多糖提取率最高,其次是热水浸提、盐酸溶液浸提和氢氧化钠溶液浸提.     

浒苔多糖的碱法提取工艺研究

对浒苔多糖的碱法提取工艺进行研究,为评价提取条件对浒苔多糖提取率的影响,首先选用固液比、浸提温度、浸提时间和碱溶液浓度4个因素进行单因素多水平实验,在此基础上进行正交试验,筛选出最佳提取工艺条件.实验结果表明,影响浒苔多糖提取率的各因素的主次关系依次为:浸提温度、浸提时间、固液比,碱溶液浓度;浒苔多糖碱法提取的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度90℃,提取时间2.5h,固液比1:40(g:mL),氢氧化钠溶液浓度0.3mol/L;最佳工艺条件下,浒苔多糖的提取率为3.1%.     

水酶法提取文冠果油的工艺研究

以文冠果仁为原料,采用水酶法提取文冠果油,为推动这一木本油料作物的合理开发提供参考。通过单因素试验探索了酶种类、酶用量、料液比、酶解温度、酶解时间对文冠果油提取率的影响,采用正交试验法优选出文冠果油水酶法提取的最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1:5,酶解时间为5h,酶解温度为50℃,酶用量为1.5%。在最佳条件下,文冠果油平均提取率约为65.10%。整个提取工艺具有较好的工业化应用前景,对该植物资源的合理开发利用具有一定指导意义。     

纤维素酶辅助提取柚皮中果胶的研究

以干柚皮为原料,研究了纤维素酶辅助提取柚皮中果胶的工艺.分别讨论了纤维素酶用量、时间、温度和料液比等因素对果胶提取率的影响,并通过单因素及L9(34)正交试验,确定了当pH=2.0时从柚皮中提取果胶的最佳工艺条件为:纤维素酶用量0.15%,料液比1∶40,提取时间3 h,提取温度45℃,在此条件下果胶提取率达到6.02%.     

香蕉多酚提取工艺的优化研究

利用香蕉加工场生产加工的废料香蕉皮提取天然产物香蕉多酚,并对影响香蕉多酚提取率的因素,如提取温度、提取时间、料液比、乙醇浓度、浸提次数、烘干温度等条件进行研究,确定了香蕉皮的最佳烘干温度为50℃;最佳提取条件为:95%的乙醇为提取剂,料液比为1∶8,浸提温度为40℃,浸提2次,一次浸提最佳时间为3 h,二次浸提最佳时间为0.5 h.     

超声波-酶法联合提取葛花总黄酮工艺研究

为了研究葛花总黄酮最佳工艺,试验采用超声波-酶法联合提取葛花总黄酮,确定最佳的提取工艺条件。结果表明:葛花:料液比1:30,酶解时间为4.5h,酶解温度为50℃,酶浓度为1.2%。超声时间80min,温度80℃,液料比1:30,乙醇浓度70%。在最优条件下,提取率为4.307%。优选提取工艺简单可行,速度快,可提高葛花人参中有效成分的收率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.