乳酸菌的细菌素及乳链菌肽在食品工业中的发酵与应用

乳酸菌的细菌素是具有抗菌活性的多肽、蛋白质或蛋白质复合物，其中 乳链菌肽是一种广泛应用的高效，无毒的天然食品防腐剂，评述了乳酸菌素的分类剂乳链菌肽在食品工业中的发酵和应用前景。     

鲜鱼制品天然防腐剂的研究

采用几种不同的溶剂提取连翅中的抗菌有效成分。通过抑菌试验筛选出抗菌作用最强的制剂 ,然后通过对鲜鱼制品的保存试验和新鲜度的常规检测 ,证实该制剂能有效地抑制鱼制品的腐败 ,是鱼制品等食品的一种良好的天然防腐剂     

樟树叶片精油对微生物生长的抑制作用

为探究樟树精油在防腐保鲜领域的应用，采用蒸馏法提取了6种樟树叶片的精油，并分别采用滤纸片法以及琼脂打孔法检测了6种樟树精油对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、总状毛霉(Mucor racemosus)等4种病原菌的抑制效果.结果表明，6种樟树叶片精油成分对4种病原菌均有抑制作用，但抑菌效果差异显著，其中，D(芳樟叶精油)对上述4种病原菌的抑制效果最好，其次为B(牛樟叶精油),其他4种精油的抑菌效果均不理想.因此芳樟叶精油和牛樟叶精油具有进一步开发成安全防腐保鲜剂的潜力.     

百里香精油在化妆品中的应用研究进展

百里香精油是天然无毒且富含生物活性物质的植物提取物,具备芬香、抑菌和抗氧化 等可应用于化妆品的突出功效。但其是一种挥发性油,难溶于水,易受到光、氧气、湿度和温度的 影响,又限制了其在化妆品的应用。论文综述了百里香精油的常用提取方式以及主要化学成分, 总结了百里香精油的赋香与抗焦虑、美白、保湿、祛痘抗炎、防晒与抗衰老和护发等应用于化妆品 的基本功效,论述了四种百里香精油在化妆品中应用的关键技术,如微胶囊、纳米胶囊、微乳液和 纳米乳等技术,旨在为百里香精油在化妆品领域中的应用提供理论参考。     

神农香菊精油抗茵与抗氧化活性研究（Ⅰ）

通过体外试验测定神农香菊精油对几种常见菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC值）和气态防腐效果以探讨神农香菊精油的抗菌活性；采用猪油体系、Fe^3＋还原试验检测神农香菊精油的抗氧化能力．结果表明，神农香菊有较强的抗菌效果，与对照组比较，神农香菊精油对猪油的脂质过氧化有很好的保护效果，对铁离子有较强的还原能力，其抗氧化能力明显强于Vc．     

山梨酸的应用与制取

山梨酸是一种无毒、高效的食品防腐剂，本介绍了山梨酸的性质，自山梨酸开始工生化以来的七种合成方法与三种提纯方法．阐述了山梨酸的防腐机理和应用前景．     

海藻糖的研究与应用

综述海藻糖的特性、制备、提取工艺以及在食品中的应用，海藻糖对生物活性物质具有抗逆保鲜作用，对保护细胞膜和蛋白质及抗干燥、抗脱水功能显著，生物法制备包括天然植物或藻类中直接提取法、酚促转化法和微生物发酵法，为其作为一种食品添加剂提供了理论依据．     

食品保鲜技术的最新进展

食品问题是一个与人类生活息息相关的重要话题。而食品的保鲜问题更是食品问题中的重中之重。食品保鲜技术也是一门高新技术。长期以来,广大科学家和科技工作者在食品保鲜技术领域里进行了艰苦的探索和研究。随着现代科学技术的进步和发展,为食品保鲜技术的研究和开发提供了更加有力的技术条件和设备保障,使得这门高新技术获得了更加快速的发展;许多国家都在该领域内研究和开发出了大量的新产品和新技术。下面简要介绍一下国外在食品保鲜技术领域里的最新进展情况。     

山梨酸的防腐保鲜功效

早在1859年，一位英国商人，在一堆腐烂水果中发现一种新鲜可食、类似于梨形的酸味山果，后经有关专家将果汁分离提纯，得到的这种酸味物质，便取名为“山梨酸”。山梨酸本身无毒，而且具有一定的营养价值。梨是目前国际上公认的高效、无毒、具有营养价值的食品防腐保鲜剂。联合国粮农组织向世界各国推荐山梨酸用作食品防腐剂；美国卫生法规允许将山梨酸用于标准化食品中，被列为食品安全用品（GRAS）；英国1979年颁布的食品规则将山梨酸用于各类食品的防腐；日本将山梨酸列为安全、无毒的食品防腐剂，且重新制定了质量标准。我国于1980年…     

香辛料精油的生物活性研究进展

香辛料精油是香辛料植物体内的次生代谢产物，化学组成较为复杂。天然存在的香辛料植物中含有的多种生物活性物质常常存在于精油中，因而对于香辛料精油的研究已成为目前国内外研究的热点。综述了香辛料精油的抗氧化、抗菌、防治虫害及其他生物活性，并探讨了其在实际运用中存在的问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.