辐射测温区域的界定分析

文章讨论了谱色测温系统研究中,基于测温坐标系的辐射测温区域的界定问题。以线性发射率模型以及改进的单调发射率模型为基础,通过测温坐标系标尺的考察,分析了不同光谱发射率模型下的辐射测温坐标系所限定的辐射测温有效区域的规律特征;以实际应用中特定的谱色测温仪器为例,给出该仪器适用的辐射测温的理论区域,并用黑体实验进行了验证。     

焦炉炭化室侧壁连续测温系统的设计

文章阐述了辐射测温和比色测温的基本原理,在此基础上提出了一种适用于焦炉炭化室温度测量的光纤比色温度测量系统;利用双包层石英光纤解决工作环境温度高的难题,以STC12C5A60S2单片机为核心,采用MAX195AD转换器构成系统。该系统运用比色测温法克服外界干扰,提高了系统的温度精度和稳定性,达到了测温现场的指标要求,证明了理论研究的正确性。     

彩色测温方法中物体辐射色域的界定和划分

介绍了彩色测温方法的基本原理, 并基于可见光波段内光谱发射率的线性模型给出物体辐射颜色色品的表述; 明确了一个色品最多只能求解出两个温度; 解决了彩色测温方法中物体辐射色域的界定问题,并将辐射色域划分为温度单解域和双解域。     

光导纤维多色辐射测温原理探讨

多色测温仪是近年来国内外进行了较多研究的课题之一,它对于削弱表面辐射系数对测温精度的影响有较好的效果。 本文设计了一种多色辐射测温仪。运用经典的普朗克公式,由表面黑度系数的幂级数形式,从理论上推导了多色辐射测温公式。并讨论了这个公式对于克服黑度系数影响的作用以及它的测温误差。 多色测温仪设计中采用光导纤维光学系统,实现了被测辐射信号的传输及对四个光电元件的分叉耦合。利用单板计算机进行回色信号处理。仪表经黑体炉标定,并针对不同金属耙面,研究了四色温度与比色温度的误差。 仪表经计量部门标定及实验室试验,认为多色测温技术是消弱表面黑度系数对测温精度影响的有效方法之一。     

热膨胀法测量陶瓷烧成温度模拟实验研究

热膨胀法古陶瓷测温中升温速率、烧结程度、判断曲线的选择、分析方法等因素会影响测温精度。为提高测温精度,通过不同升温速率对各种具有已知烧成温度模拟样品的测温实验,建立了一套热膨胀法古陶瓷测温的参考程序。此外,根据测量值与实际烧成温度之间的定量关系,利用线性拟合的方法推算出了用于减小测温误差的校正公式。实验结果显示:校正公式在指定的温度范围内可大幅提高测温精度。     

前置反射器辐射温度计的研究

导出了奠定前置反射器辐射温度计理论基础的被围表面有效发射率新公式。此式也是红外辐射测温技术的基本公式之一。被测表面在反射器作用下会引起表面温升现象,由此根据所拟定的边界条件和初始条件解一维热传导方程,求得被测表面温升的理论公式。上述两式都与实验结果相吻合。为深入了解该类型仪表的测温原理,对该类型辐射测温仪表的系统误差进行了分析,各项有效发射率增量的累计与理论有效发射率之和(实际有效发射率)同实际测量误差相比,吻合较好。此种辐射温度计在1000℃时,误差在±10℃以内。     

一种红外测温方法的研究

本研究是基于现代量子理论的观点,建立新的红外辐射测温模型,从而提出避免辐射率修正这一困难的解决方案.实验结果表明,用基于现代量子理论的测温方法替代传统测温方法,可以大幅度提高红外辐射测温的准确度.     

高湿多尘环境对红外辐射测温的影响及解决方法

卷烟生产精确制丝生产线是最关键的加工工序,为了满足生产工艺要求,需对制丝车间内各工艺控制点的温度和水份进行测量,利用红外辐射测温要求测量点必须紧靠设备出口,而高浓度的蒸汽团会使烟丝的红外辐射能量被散射,造成红外测温仪表测量误差偏大,满足不了生产工艺要求;同时,由于高温的蒸汽中含有烟叶的焦油物质,容易对红外测温镜头造成污染不易清洁,进而损坏整台仪表.现将造成测量误差偏大的原因分析如下.     

比色测温的波长选择

介绍了辐射测温的基本原理,以比色测温的原理为基础,探讨在辐射测温中波长选择的方法原则.通过黑体能流密度的推导,对输出电压比值范围、信噪比方面做了详细的分析,得出具体的数据来判断被测物体的温度对波长的要求,并且对窄带滤镜代替单点波长计算的方法的合理性进行了证明.文中波长选择的方式方法适用于各个温度段在使用辐射测温时的波长选择.文章最后通过测温系统得到的实验数据证明了波长选择的正确性,基本做到消去一部分发射率的影响.     

一种辐射测温的简便线性化方法

本文提出辐射测温的一种简单线性化公式。该方法将信号电压直接作对数运算,便于数字式温度显示或其它线性仪表指示。计算机模拟表明,在常用的红外测温波段和温度量程范围内可获得较好的精度,适合于模拟电路结构的辐射温度计使用。     

红外测温技术

本文介绍红外辐射的一般性质及红外测温技术。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-