松属树种种苗鉴定中AFLP指纹技术的研究

AFLP(扩增片段长度多态性)标记技术是高效而可靠的标记技术之一，特别对于那些基因组序列信息很少的物种更为有效。笔对基因组较大的松属树种的AFLP实验程序进行了优化，提供了松树树种AFLP分析中DNA酶切、引物连接、预扩增及选择性扩增的优化实验程序。结果显示．预扩增反应中利用选择碱基数不同的预扩增引物(E/M 1，E／M-2)制备的模板对后续的选择性扩增结果没有显影响；在选择性扩增反应中，对碱基数目选择进行了细致的优化．分别测试了15个E-3M-3引物组合，6个E 4/M 3引物组合及15个E 3/M 4引物组合。对于有相同选择碱基数的引物．扩增结果随选择碱基的组合不同而有较大差异。据总的扩增结果发现，选择碱基增加时．扩增谱带数明显减少，谱带清晰度增加，即当选择碱基增加到E引物末端时(M十4／E 3)，大多数引物组合的扩增谱带数要比选择碱基增加到M引物末端(E 3/M 4)的引物组合扩出的谱带数少且带型清晰。总体来看，E 4/M 3的引物组合比较适合于松属树种的AFLP分析。笔还利用单株树种子的胚乳组织对AFLP标记的遗传方式进行了研究，在所用的两个引物组合获得的标记中，约有30％左右的分离标记．分离标记中偏分离比例约为6％。另外．选用3个松属树种对选出的14个AFLP引物组合进行的验证显示，这些组合在不同种间均获得了较好的扩增结果．说明在不同松属树种中筛选出的引物组合可以为其它松属树种AFLP分析引物组合的选择提供借鉴。     

向日葵Pst Ⅰ和Mse Ⅰ内切酶组合AFLP标记体系的建立及引物筛选

 为建立并优化适合向日葵的Pst Ⅰ 和Mse Ⅰ 组合的AFLP 技术体系, 为下一步构建遗传连锁图谱及开展分子标记辅助育种奠定基础, 对向日葵基因组DNA 提取方法、酶切连接体系和选择性扩增程序的影响因素进行优化, 并对适合向日葵AFLP 分析的引物组合进行筛选。结果表明, 模板DNA 的提取采用改进CTAB 法, 酶切连接采用一步法反应14 h, 在选择性扩增体系20 μL中, Mg²⁺和dNTP 浓度分别为2 mmol/L 和0.3 mmol/L, 选扩引物的浓度为0.6 mmol/L, 预扩增产物最适稀释倍数为30 倍。同时筛选出了稳定且多态性丰富的48 对适合向日葵AFLP 分析的引物组合。     

柴胡栽培种ZQ-T干根药材的AFLP鉴别

以干根药材为材料,采用AFLP技术进行了柴胡栽培种ZQ-T的鉴别.首先以3个柴胡栽培种干根样品混合DNA为模板进行AFLP分析,筛选出3对引物,经3次重复其DNA指纹图谱一致.然后以3对引物分别进行了7个栽培种的AFLP分析,每对引物均能从ZQ-T中扩增出特异条带,将ZQ-T鉴别出来;通过聚类分析,当遗传相似性系数分别为0.81、0.86、0.97时(引物分别为E-AAC/M-CTA、E-AGG/M-CTG和E-AGG/M-CAA)可将7个柴胡栽培种完全区分开.结果表明:AFLP可以较好地揭示柴胡种质资源的遗传差异,并可用于柴胡栽培种干根药材的鉴别.     

南北五味子随机扩增DNA多态性(RAPD)指纹图谱研究

目的建立南北五味子随机扩增DNA多态性标记((random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)指纹图谱,为南北五味子的鉴别提供可靠依据.方法采用CTAB法从不同产地的南北五味子样品中提取基因组DNA并纯化,将南北五味子基因组DNA进行随机DNA多态性扩增.结果北五味子和南五味子基因组DNA随机引物PCR扩增产物的差异以不同条带数目和条带亮度得已验证;同时体现出北五味子种内变异较小,南五味子种内变异较大.结论 RAPD技术为南、北五味子的鉴别提供一种简单、有效、可信度高的方法.     

AFLP分子标记在鉴定海滨锦葵杂交后代上的应用

海滨锦葵是较好的食用和工业利用的盐生经济植物。用 AFLP分子标记对海滨锦葵两对杂交亲本的36个F1 代个体的真伪进行了鉴定。18个AFLP引物对在亲本Hy103×Hh182间扩增出1 100条AFLP带,其中108条是多态带(多态率为9.82%);在亲本Slhy353×Blho301间扩增出1 181个AFLP条带,其中148条是多态带(多态率为12.51%)。实验结果表明:(1)引物对E AAC / M CTC在亲本Hy103×Hh182间扩增出5条父本特征带:401 bp,390 bp,156 bp,137 bp和108 bp,引物对 E AAG/M CTG则产生了7条:457 bp,356 bp,312 bp,251 bp,240 bp,190 bp和76 bp。父本特征带从Hy103×Hh182的8个F1 代个体均扩增出,表明其为真杂种;(2)引物对E AAC/M CTT在亲本 Slhy353×Blho301 间扩增出 5 条父本特征带:440 bp,393 bp,289 bp,162 bp和67 bp,引物对 E ACA/M CAT 则产生了 4 条: 448 bp, 360 bp, 217 bp和 145 bp;父本特征带从Slhy353×Blho301 28个F1 代个体中的26个个体上扩增出,表明其为真杂种,另外2个为假杂种。     

K型和冈型水稻线粒体DNA的AFLP分析

用264个随机引物(E11,M24)对K型和冈型水稻(Oryza sativa L.)的不育系、保持系和F1代线粒体DNA进行AFLP分析,共筛选到了37对扩增效果较好的引物,显示出9条可能与K型水稻雄性不育相关的差异带,3条可能与冈型水稻雄性不育相关的差异带.其中引物组合E10M8(EcoR Ⅰ-ATA×Mse Ⅰ-AGC)扩增后,K型和冈型水稻不育系、F1代几乎在750 bp左右的位置都同时表现出了差异条带而在保持系相应位置表现为缺失,它与"缺陷型不育"假设一致.由此证明了K型和冈型水稻不育系线粒体DNA的特异性及其与雄性不育的相关性,为回收克隆等后续工作奠定了基础.     

重楼属植物AFLP实验体系的建立

通过对影响重楼AFLP-银染技术体系的关键因素作对比研究,建立了一套优化的重楼AFLP分子标记体系.优化的关键因素为:1)DNA采用CTAB法提取更适于重楼的AFLP分析,且从幼叶中提取的DNA纯度和质量最高;2)酶切时间为9h时效果最佳;3)选择性扩增时退火温度为56℃;4)从15对引物中筛选出4对进行选择性扩增,得到扩增条带276条,其中多态性带201条(占72.83%).     

坛紫菜种质资源遗传多样性的AFLP分析

利用AFLP技术从基因组DNA水平上分析福建省主要坛紫菜栽培品系和诱变筛选获得的突变品系的遗传差异,在25对引物中,有11对能得到重复性好的多态性扩增条带,总共在667个位点能扩增出条带,每对引物扩增带数为24~90条,并且各对引物扩增结果均显示样品间存在差异.共得到522条多态性条带,占总扩增带的78.3%.根据AFLP图谱计算了不同样品间的遗传距离(D)和相似性系数(GS).优良品系GL和CCS之间的遗传距离最小,仅为0.264,不同样品间的相似性系数介于0.602~0.736之间.并根据D值绘制了它们的UPGMA聚类图谱.     

杜泊羊、藏羊和小尾寒羊AFLP多态性分析

利用11对AFLP引物组合,检测杜泊羊、藏羊和小尾寒羊池DNA遗传变异,构建了各个品种的AFLP DNA指纹图谱,根据AFLP分析结果,统计了每个引物组合在各个品种中检测到的多态性条带,计算了3个品种的遗传相似系数,并据此构建了UPGMA聚类关系图,分析了所研究羊种的遗传关系。结果表明:11对AFLP引物组合在3个绵羊品种中共检测到312条带,平均每个引物组合产生28.36条带,品种间的遗传相似系数,其中藏羊与小尾寒羊遗传相似系数最高(0.672),杜泊羊与藏羊遗传相似系数最小(0.301),聚类结果与这些羊的育成史、分化及地理分布一致。     

怀地黄85-5品种内遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

采用CTAB法提取了怀地黄85-5品种16个单株的基因组DNA,使用紫外分析和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其纯度和大小,利用RAPD及ISSR分析其品种内遗传多样性.从24个RAPD引物和43个ISSR引物中分别筛选出具有稳定多态性条带的RAPD引物3个和ISSR引物2个,分别对16个单株基因组DNA进行PCR扩增.3个RAPD引物共扩增出7条带,其中多态性条带为4个,多态性比率为57.14%.2个ISSR引物共扩增出17条带,其中多态性条带为11个,多态性比率为64.7%.结果表明,怀地黄85-5品种内存在遗传差异,但遗传多样性比地黄品种间的低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to