基于能值分析的山西省生态经济系统可持续发展评价

本文采用奥多姆(Odum H T)的能值分析方法,针对山西省2000年～2016年生态经济系统的主要能值投入与产出、运行效率以及环境负荷作了系统分析,并通过构造生态经济系统能值评估体系分析区域实体经济发展的整体趋势及可持续性.结果表明:山西省经济发展状况仍然十分滞后,主要由于工业与煤炭资源息息相关,产业单一,抗风险能力差.从2000年到2016年,可更新资源能值量基本保持在3.56E+22sej,无显著变化差异;人均能值量从1.94E+15sej提升到2.66E+15sej;环境负荷率(ELR)从0.77提升到1.74;生态经济系统能值投资率从0.59提升到1.07.能值可持续指标从3.44降到1.10,可持续性有所改善.     

基于能值分析的区域生态经济发展研究——以承德为例

生态经济系统的能量流动、转化过程经过自然和人类经济社会,能值可用于表达自然、环境与经济的关系.根据能值理论,从能值资源的投入和产出、区域环境压力及可持续发展状况3个方面考虑建立能值指标体系,分析2004—2011年承德生态经济发展状况.结果表明,承德经济增长速度较快,但平均消耗81.02%的不可更新资源及其产品,且81.41%—88.26%为本地资源.进口能值比率虽然呈现增加趋势,但占总能值用量的比例在16.33%以下.生态经济系统能值利用强度增大,环境压力加大,系统可持续发展能力在不断下降.应该结合京津水源地保护与生态屏障建设要求,加强京津冀区域间合作发展,增加进口能值流量,降低对本地资源的开发利用强度,促进生态文明建设.     

广西海洋生态经济系统可持续发展动态评价

动态评价广西海洋生态经济系统可持续发展水平,为系统优化提供针对性的建议,为广西海洋生态文明建设和海洋强区建设提供决策参考。本研究运用能值分析理论和方法,构建包括能值密度、能值货币比率、人均能值用量、能值产出率、环境负载率、能值生态承载力、可持续发展指数、海洋绿色GDP、海洋绿色GDP占比的评价指标体系,深入研究2006-2020年广西海洋生态经济系统的运行状况和可持续发展水平,并对广西海洋绿色GDP及海洋绿色GDP占比进行核算。研究发现,广西海洋生态经济系统对自然资源依赖程度大,可更新资源能值占比90%以上。2006-2020年系统总能值增加22.65%,其中可更新资源能值增加20.07%,不可更新资源能值增加3.45倍,废弃物能值增加5.13倍;随着海洋资源不断开发,能值密度提高22.45%,能值货币比率减少77.67%,能值产出率在0.45-0.60波动,海洋经济得到较快发展,涉海人员生活水平有所提高,但海洋资源利用效率不高;系统所承受的环境压力较小,但由于海洋经济粗放发展的负面影响,环境负载率增加2.70倍,能值生态承载力降低1.87%;可持续发展指数的平均值为39.99,总体上下降73.91%,系统处于可持续发展状态,但海洋优势和潜力有待进一步开发;由于不可更新资源利用和废弃物排放的增加,海洋绿色GDP占比下降2.09个百分点。因此,为了促进海洋生态经济系统可持续发展,要优化产业结构,构建现代海洋产业体系;强化创新驱动,提升现代海洋科技水平;发展向海经济,推进现代海洋强区建设;加强宣传教育,提高现代海洋保护意识;坚持陆海统筹,共建现代海洋治理格局;注重监测评估,建立现代海洋预警机制。     

基于能值理论的富锦市县域生态经济系统研究

引用2010—2014年相关统计数据,采用能值分析方法,对黑龙江省富锦市的人均能值用量、电力能值使用量比、能值-货币比率、能值功率密度、废弃物能值比率、人口承载力、能值自给率等指标进行了研究,同时与其他地区的相关指标进行了比较,系统分析了富锦市生态经济系统的发展状况.结果表明:(1)2010—2014年,人均能值用量虽有增长但仍很低,表明富锦市居民平均生活水平依然很低;富锦市的电力能值使用量比从11.54%上升到16.80%,虽有上升但仍很低.(2)富锦市的能值-货币比率从2010年的9.52×1012sej/$下降到2014年的5.97×1012sej/$,表明近几年富锦市的经济有所发展,但经济开发程度依然很低.(3)富锦市的能值功率密度低于世界能值功率密度的平均水平,但高于泰国和印度,说明富锦市具有一定的发展潜力.(4)2010—2014年,废弃物能值比率虽有上升但仅升为3.4%;富锦市的人口承载力有减少的趋势;富锦市的能值自给率虽有下降但仍很高,表明富锦市的经济发展程度低且对当地自然资源的依赖程度高.     

鲍鱼养殖系统能值分析——以福清宏峰泰鲍鱼养殖基地为例

运用能值理论,在对福清宏峰泰鲍鱼养殖基地各项能值流动情况进行核算的基础上,构建起能值评价指标体系,对该养殖基地的经营情况、环境影响及可持续性进行评价和系统敏感性分析.结果表明:鲍鱼养殖系统绝大部分能值投入来自于外部购进的不可更新资源能值,且投入产出比较低.鲍鱼养殖对周边环境造成了较大的压力,且自身发展的可持续性较低.通过提高可更新资源能值比例和降低不可更新资源能值比例可以显着降低系统的环境压力,提高可持续性;降低不可更新资源能值比例还可以提高系统整体生产效率.研究结果为促进鲍鱼养殖业健康可持续发展提供了一定科学依据.     

陕西生态经济系统发展水平的能值分析

运用能值分析方法,对陕西省生态经济系统1998年～2007年各能值指标进行分析,并与我国一些省份和其他国家的有关指标进行了比较研究.结果表明:陕西的经济发展主要建立在对本地不可更新资源的开发利用上,目前的发展模式主要是一种高资源消耗型经济.陕西省2007年人口数量已远远超过其承载能力,可持续发展指数为1.35,研究区可持续性发展的基础比较差.并以此为依据提出了相应的措施.     

福建生态经济系统的能值分析及可持续发展评估

运用能值理论与方法,对福建省1981-2004年的净能值产出率、能值投入率、人均能值用量、能值货币比率、能值使用强度、电力能值使用量比例、环境负荷率、可持续发展能值指数和人口承载量等9个指标24年来的变化趋势进行了分析,并对各项能值指标2010年的数值进行了预测.结果表明:(1)24年来福建的能值投入率、人均能值用量、能值使用强度、电力能值使用比例不断上升,能值货币比率则持续下降,表明福建省经济得到了巨大的发展;(2)24年来福建省净能值产出率、可持续发展能值指数不断下降,环境负荷率不断升高,说明福建经济的发展是以资源大量消耗和环境破坏为代价而取得的;(3)按各项能值指标的变化趋势曲线对2010年福建省各项能值指标预测表明,若按以往发展模式,福建省产品竞争力将下降,资源环境压力过大,生态经济系统的功能将退化或散失.     

腰井子羊草草原自然保护区生物多样性现状及其能值估算

腰井子羊草草原自然保护区独特的地理位置、气候条件使其以牧草资源为主的生物多样性丰富.通过对腰井子保护区生物多样性现状进行统计,结果表明该区生长着189种高等植物和121种高等动物.并采用能值分析法对腰井子羊草草原生物物种能值加以估算,结果为186.53×1022sej,转换为货币价值214.38×109$,从而揭示生物多样性巨大的生态经济价值.     

腰井子羊草草原自然保护区生物多样性现状及其能值估算

腰井子羊草草原自然保护区独特的地理位置、气候条件使其以牧草资源为主的生物多样性丰富.通过对腰井子保护区生物多样性现状进行统计,结果表明该区生长着189种高等植物和121种高等动物.并采用能值分析法对腰井子羊草草原生物物种能值加以估算,结果为186.53×1022sej,转换为货币价值214.38×109$,从而揭示生物多样性巨大的生态经济价值.     

福州青口投资区工业系统能值分析

根据能值基本理论与方法,在绘制福州青口投资区生态流能量系统图、建立能值分析表的基础上,计算了2002—2006年投资区工业系统各主要能值评价指标,对青口投资区自然、经济、社会系统和可持续发展能值指数5年来的变化趋势进行了分析讨论.结果表明,青口投资区大量依赖外界输入的不可更新资源的能值,最主要的投入是工业用电和钢材原料;产品输出能值大,系统净能值产出率总体较高;能值自给率逐年有所提高,资源分配趋于合理;系统能值密度高于福建省平均水平,并逐年稳步增加,因环境负荷率的显著增加导致可持续发展能值指数总体趋势下滑,但下滑力度逐渐减缓.研究结果对总结青口投资区潜在的发展优势和制约因素,为工业区与环境资源的协调发展提供科学有效的指导依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.