亲水性疏水性织物动态热湿舒适性比较研究

以纯毛织物作为亲水性织物的代表、以纯涤纶织物作为疏水性织物的代表，利用织物动态热湿舒适性能测试仪，采用定量汗液蒸发的方法，研究了两类织物的动态热湿舒适性能，并对两者的差异进行了理论分析。研究表明：在动态条件下由于皮肤要经历干燥—出汗—蒸发—干燥、织物要经历干燥—吸湿—放湿—干燥的过程，此时，亲水性的吸湿性好的织物对汗液的蒸发起了阻碍作用，因此动态条件下使用疏水性的织物比使用亲水性的织物更趋合理。     

织物动态热湿舒适性能的评价及预测

针对织物动态热湿传递过程复杂、动态热湿舒适性能难以评价的问题,研究服用织物的动态热湿舒适性能.对8种不同纤维的织物在动态实验中接触模拟出汗皮肤时其内外两面的温湿度实时变化情况进行了研究,提取了两项动态特征值用于表征织物的动态热湿舒适性能.同时,结合织物稳态参数的测试和灰色系统理论,研究了动态特征值与稳态参数之间的相关性,最终建立了预测模型,在预测织物动态热湿舒适性能方面取得了较高的预测精度.     

太阳能被动蒸发风洞研制

随太阳辐射动态周期变化的空气温度、湿度等气候参数小时间步长控制的模拟实验环境,可以实现建筑围护结构热工性能的重复性实验,是研究多孔建筑材料及室外环境铺装材料在自然气候要素下被动蒸发降温问题的重要手段。介绍的动态热湿气候动态风洞实验台,在传统风洞风速模拟与控制实验技术基础之上,通过增加太阳辐射模拟和空气温湿度控制,初步实现了对室外自然气候中太阳辐射、风速及温、湿度环境的模拟控制。经过对可视化程序设计的风洞环境测控系统的调试,风洞内四参数辐射照度、风速、温度和湿度各指令值与模拟值的平均偏差分别为-0.6%, 2.9%, 0.7%和-0.7%,该风洞实验台可以用于含湿建筑材料太阳能被动蒸发降温问题的研究。     

玉米和丽赛纤维织物热湿舒适性能的对比分析

导热性、吸湿性、透湿性和透气性测试指标是衡量织物热湿舒适性的重要因素.通过对玉米和丽赛纤维织物的热湿舒适性能的测试和热湿性能影响因素的分析,得出玉米和丽赛纤维都具有一定的导热性、透气性和吸湿、透湿性能.丽赛纤维散热及吸湿快干性能优于玉米纤维;玉米纤维保温性能好于丽赛纤维.     

聚L-乳酸药用辅料的吸湿特性

考察聚L-乳酸药用辅料在潮湿空气和水中的吸湿特性.测定了不同分子量的粉料与片状试样在不同相对湿度的空气与蒸馏水中的吸湿量与时间的关系,得出平衡湿含量,并计算出水分在试样中的扩散系数.粉料与片状试样在不同湿度的湿空气中的平衡湿含量均小于1%,在水中的平衡湿含量小于11%,辅料分子量对吸湿性能有一定影响.吸湿过程遵从Fick扩散机理.     

织物稳态和动态传湿性能测定

织物的透湿性能与织物的空隙率大小和织物的吸湿散湿性能有关,在织物达吸湿平衡前,织物的传湿速率是变化的。本文自制了织物湿阻仪。用本仪器对织物动态传湿性能进行了测定,同时也对织物稳态传湿阻力进行了测定。测试过程可以在各种温度梯度和各种湿度梯度条件下进行,若同时调整织物距测试表面间的距离,就可以改变被测试样所在处的水汽浓度大小,因此本仪器具有较大的适用性。对织物稳态传湿性能的测定一般仅需半小时左右。     

Gore-Tex面料透湿性能对比测试

采用YG 601型织物透湿仪和被动式微气候仪,在3种标准试验条件和4种微气候仪条件下,对3种6块Gore-Tex试样和2块棉织物试样进行了透湿性能测试。在标准透湿杯条件下,各试样的透湿量差异相对较大,平均透湿量与透湿量差异与试样两侧所存在的蒸汽压差成正比,Gore-Tex试样平均透湿能力要小于普通棉织物。采用被动式微气候仪的透湿试验发现:试样的透湿量与模拟皮肤内的水温成正比,水温越高,皮肤出汗量越大,内外湿度差越大,试样的透湿量也越大,同时微气候室内的积水也越多;在稳态情况下,微气候室内的积水量随时间成正比;在相同条件下Gore-Tex试样及棉织物试样的透湿量相差很小,但前者在微气候室内的积水量要大一些,也说明不同Gore-Tex织物的透湿量接近但还是小于普通棉织物。虽然Gore-Tex织物的透湿量接近棉织物,但其透气性能要远低于普通织物。所以,Gore-Tex织物称作防风透湿织物是准确的,其主要性能取决于PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)微孔膜的性能。     

医用防护服用非织造布的热湿舒适性能研究

测试了医用防护服用非织造布的结构特征参数，热湿舒适性方面的透湿透气性，以及KES测试的低负荷下各项力学性能等各项性能。分析了非织造布相较于传统医用服装机织面料在热湿舒适性、触觉舒适性度成型性等方面的特点。通过所设计的实验装置用DL-700C红外热像仪监测了模拟表下微气候的热湿传递特性，以及不同状态时面料表面温度的变化规律。提出了织物表面温度变化率作为表征非织造布的热湿舒适性能的评价指标。     

棉织物紧度对其热湿舒适性能的影响

采用18.2tex纯棉纱线为原料,试织了6种不同紧度的织物,探讨了织物紧度对其热湿舒适性能的影响规律.研究结果表明,随着织物紧度的增加,织物的保暖性先减小后增大,透气性会迅速减小直至紧度增大到一定值后变化趋于平稳,吸湿和透湿性在紧度较小时较好.研究结果为设计开发新产品提供了理论依据.     

织物结构参数对人体热响应影响数值分析

针对着装人体的热、湿舒适性问题，联合改进的25节点人体热调节模型和服装热湿耦合模型，模拟了人、服装、环境系统的瞬态热、湿传递过程．人体模型中考虑了汗水积聚的影响；服装模型中考虑了水蒸汽扩散、液汗毛细传递和蒸发／凝结、纤维湿吸附／解析；针对不同厚度和孔隙率的服装比较了人体的热响应及服装温、湿度变化．数值分析表明，在高温高湿环境下穿厚度大、孔隙率小的服装较穿厚度小、孔隙率大的服装，皮肤温度、皮肤表面出汗率高，干热损失少．模拟结果可以为服装热、湿舒适性定量设计提供指导。     

Study on the Factors to Influence Dynamic Heat - moisture Comfort of Summer Clothing Fabrics

In this paper, the factors to influence the dynamic heat - moisture comfort of summer clothing fabrics have been studied. It is pointed out that, when the wind speed outside is high, or the air permeability is very good, the sweat of human body will evaporate mainly through turbulent diffusion. Because of the rapid sweat evaporation, human body will feel cold, and then, the difference in temperature and humidity of the micro - climatic section will be very slight. On the contrary, when the wind speed outside is slow or the air permeability is unsatisfactory, the sweat of human body will evaporate mainly through molecular diffusion, and in this case, the humidity of the micro - climatic section will be depended on the hygroscopicity of the fabric, that' s to say, the better the hygroscopicity, the lower the humidity. It is difficult for pure wool fabric to loss heat because of its giving out much heat during the course of moisture - absorption in the initial stages of sweating. For pure polyester fabric,     

夏季服装面料的舒适性研究

通过人工气倏条件下的人体穿着试验，探讨了出汗对夏季服装面料舒适性的影响。研究表明在人体没有出汗的条件下，柔软度是影响夏季服装面料舒适性的主要因素。在人体出汗的条件下，服装面料的舒适性普遍降低，其中涤纶面料的舒适性降低最为显著，主要原因是由于涤纶纤维的吸湿性差。     

轻薄型羊毛机织面料的舒适性研究

通过人工气候条件下的人体穿着试验，对轻薄型羊毛机织面料的舒适性进行了研究。结果表明，在制作贴身穿着服装时，轻薄型羊毛机织面料的总体舒适感不及蚕丝、棉及涤棉等面料，主要原因是其存在刺痒感.同时还表明，面料的柔软度是影响贴身穿着服装的总体舒适感的非常重要的因素。     

Comfort of Light-weight Wool and Wool Blend Woven Fabrics

The comfort of the light-weight woven fabrics was investigated by conducting the wear trials under the controlled climatic conditions. The wear trial under the neutral environmental conditions showed that the lightweight wool and wool blend fabrics are generally less comfortable than the silk fabric, cotton poplin and polyester/cotton poplin fabrics tested in this study. The main shortcoming in terms of comfort for these lightweight wool fabrics is the prickle. Besides, the fabric softness was found to be a very important factor influencing the comfort of the clothing worn next to the skin.     

织物的动态湿传递

本文用自制的动态模拟装置,探讨了服装面料的动态湿传递,并测定了在非稳态条件下,人体汗水的蒸发及水汽传递的情况.通过对全棉、涤棉、涤毛、真丝、细麻、粗麻等7种服装面料的试验,提出织物的结构参数对湿传递影响的多元回归方程,并得出了面料厚度对湿传递影响最明显的结论.     

Gray Synthetic Evaluation on Moisture Comfort of Sportswear Fabrics under the Condition of Heavy Sweating

Moisture and water transfer under the condition of heavy sweating are analyzed. Four different experiments are made to test moisture resistance, water-keep, wicking effect and drying ability of samples. Then gray analysis method is introduced to evaluate the comprehensive comfort of these fabrics. Result shows chemical fiber with high moisture transfer performance has advantage in water transfer and diffusion, which is suitable for human under the condition of heavy sweating. Though natural fiber can absorb moisture well, it cannot transfer fluid sweat. Therefore natural fiber fabrics such as cotton, wool are unsuitable to make functional sportswear.     

IN RELATION TO CLOTHING COMFORT DYNAMIC MOISTURE TRANSFER THROUGH FABRICS

A sweating apparatus has been developed to permit simultaneous measurement for fabric temperature change and relative humidity change at outer still air layer of fabrics. In this paper, we compared the temperature and relative humidity changes for silk fabrics with polyester fabrics and got GM(1,P) relation models respectively between maximum fabric temperature change, maximum relative humidity change at outer still air layer and relative fabric character parameters. Furthermore, by comparing the objective experiments with subjective wear trials, it is found that the amounts of the change rate of fabric temperature and relative humidity at outer still layer are the most important factors which influence clothing comfort in dynamic moisture transfer condition. The more the changes of temperature and R.H., the more the mugginess and the thermal sensation.     

Study on Bending of Woven Fabrics Using Linear Viscoelasticity Theory

The bending behavior of woven fabrics under low curva-ture conditions has been analyzed by linear viscoelastictheory.The fabric is assumed to behave viscoelasticallyand to be subjected to frictional restraints in bending de-formation.The frictional restraint is considered to beproportional to the curvature and can be described by africtional moment.A model has been constructed by astandard three-element solid model and a paralleledfrictional sliding element.The equations of the model fora cyclic curvature variation are derived.A set of param-eters of the equations for each fabric has been obtainedexperimentally.Predictions of the bending rigidity andhysteresis for wool,cashmere,wool/polyester blended,polyester and cotton fabrics are made,displaying verygood agreement with the experimental observations.     

Fabrication of cotton nano-powder and its textile application

A combination of chemical and mechanical treatment of cotton produced cotton powder （fibrils） with a mean diameter of 97 nm is analyzed by Laser Particle Size Analyzer. Transmission Electron Micro- scope （TEM） study showed that the diameter of the fibrils was about 10--30 nm and the length was from 70nm to over 400 nm. The powder was then coated onto fabrics （100% polyester fabric, 100% wool fabric and 100% cotton fabric）. Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） study showed that cotton fibrils were adhered to the surface of treated fabrics （fibers）. The ultraviolet protection factor （UPF） value （AS/NZS 4399： 1996） for cotton fabrics increased about 20% after the treatment. This implies that the treated samples give a better protection from UV light. The moisture management test （MMT） of the fabrics such as wetting time at bottom, top maximum absorption rate, bottom maximum absorption rate, bottom maximum wetted radius and bottom spreading speed, et ah, showed that there were significant changes after the treatment. These changes gave better moisture management ability to the treated fabrics and thus made the fabric more comfortable. However, Wide-angle X-ray Diffraction and Fourie Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis proved that supermolecular structure and chemical struc- ture of treated fabrics were the same as the original fabrics. Other properties of the treated fabric such as thermal conductivity, wrinkle recovery, hand, et al., did not change. This implied that the basic func- tion of the treated fabrics for the clothing industry was the same as untreated fabrics. This study is a foundation for further researches on textile application.