聚四氟乙烯微孔膜表面亲水改性研究

用化学法对PTFE微孔膜表面进行亲水改性,利用红外光谱（ATR—FTIR）和扫描电镜（SEM）观察了改性膜表面形态和微观结构的变化,FTIR图表明膜的表面产生了极性基团,SEM图显示膜的孔径和孔隙率发生了变化。研究了钠萘处理液浓度与膜改性效果的关系,结果表明：随着钠萘处理液浓度的提高,膜表面接触角减小,亲水性增强。钠萘处理液浓度以0．6mol／L为最佳。     

聚乳酸膜表面氨等离子体改性

为研究氨等离子体对聚乳酸膜表面进行改性以及改性时发生的化学变化，采用接触角和XPS来表征．实验结果表明，氨等离子体能对聚乳酸膜表面进行改性，氨主要以-NH-CO-或C-N和-NH3^ 基团形式接枝在聚乳酸膜表面的链段上，并且随着等离子体处理时间从5min延长到20min，聚乳酸膜表面N元素的含量也从3.2％增加至5.2％(P=80W，而接触角则随聚乳酸膜表面接枝上亲水性极强的-NH3基团含量而变化．     

氩等离子体射流对聚四氟乙烯表面改性的研究

采用氩等离子体射流对有机材料聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)进行表面改性,通过接触角测量、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)分析,以及表面电阻率和沿面闪络电压等参量的测量,研究了等离子体射流处理前后PTFE的表面特性。实验结果表明:氩等离子体射流产生的粒子主要有OH、N*、Ar和少量的O。PTFE经大气压氩等离子体射流处理后,其表面水接触角下降,表面粗糙度变大,表面突起和裂痕显著增加,且表面有新的含氧基团生成;增加表面改性时间,表面改性效果会达到饱和状态;另一方面,表面改性后的PTFE存在微弱的老化效应,当在空气中放置10d后,其表面水接触角为66.2°,仍然低于表面处理前的值。由于等离子体改性使PTFE表面形态及化学成分发生变化,粗糙度增加,使PTFE表面电阻率降低,导致其沿面闪络电压升高。     

基于有限元方法的CF/PTFE复合材料界面应力

经表面改性和未经改性的碳纤维（CF）增强聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复合材料的弹性强度均随着碳纤维含量的增加而增强．以碳纤维增强聚四氟乙烯（CF／PTFE）复合材料弯曲强度试验结果作为依据，开展CF／PTFE复合材料界面应力的研究工作．采用各向异性等参单元，推导出在平面载荷作用下多层纤维增强复合板的层间应力分布．进一步利用有限元方法对CF／PT—FE复合材料的界面进行应力分析，并得到与试验结果相一致的结论．     

铁氧体构成磁控管的磁场分析及它对PET表面改性的影响

在铁氧体磁场存在的情况下，通过研究涤纶膜（PET）表面的碳氟等离子体的改性效果受磁场的影响，讨论了带电粒子的行为及磁场对改性的影响．结果发现：磁场的存在使得PET表面的聚合区域向刻蚀区域位移，且主要依赖于磁场的强度．     

NH3等离子体处理的PET表面接枝氨基酸的研究

用氨气等离子体处理聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）膜，在表面引入活性基团氨基，并通过戊二醛接枝谷氨酸。利用接触角、全反射傅里叶红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）、光电子能谱（XPS）和体外血液相容性实验(APTT)表征接枝改性后的膜的表面结构和性能，比较了只用氨气等离子体处理的膜和接枝谷氨酸后的膜的性能。结果表明，两种改性膜亲水性均提高，70W放电功率下改性的膜血液相容性改善效果最好。与未处理的膜相比，用氨气等离子体处理的膜的APTT延长了5.9s,接枝了谷氨酸的膜的APTT延长了3.2s。     

低温等离子体表面改性提高聚四氟乙烯黏结性能

探究不同气体氛围、等离子体放电功率和处理时间对聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)表面黏附性和亲水性的影响,以表征其黏结性能。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜(field emission scanning electron microscopy,FE-SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)表征分析PTFE膜黏结性能改善的机理。结果表明,等离子体处理能提高PTFE膜的表面亲水性,经不同气体等离子体处理后PTFE表面黏附性均有显著提升。FE-SEM分析表明PTFE膜表面粗糙度增加,这是促使其黏结性能提升的原因之一;XPS显示等离子体处理后PTFE膜表面引入新的含氧、含氮基团,这是黏结性能提升的主要原因。     

聚四氟乙烯的表面改性及粘接性能研究

采用Ar等离子体技术对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)片材表面预处理,再用热接枝的方法引发甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)对其表面进行接枝改性.考察不同等离子体处理条件及接枝单体体积分数对PTFE与钢粘接强度和与水接触角的影响.同时,对接枝后的PTFE用x射线光电子能谱(XPS)进行分析表征.研究结果表明,GMA单体成功地接枝到PTFE表面,当等离子体处理时间为5min、功率为50W、气氛压力为50Pa、单体接枝体积分数为20%时,改性后的PTFE与钢的拉剪强度由处理前的24.6N·cm-2增加到处理后的284.6N·cm-2.     

利用远程Ar等离子体引发聚四氟乙烯膜接枝丙烯酸的研究

利用远程Ar等离子体对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜进行预处理,与空气接触氧化后接枝丙烯酸(AA).用碘化钠法测定膜表面过氧基团的浓度,探讨等离子体放电时间和功率对膜表面过氧基团浓度的影响,以及过氧基团浓度对接枝率的影响.通过接触角测定分析了接枝PTFE表面的亲水性变化,利用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱图(XPS)对接枝膜进行结构表征.研究结果表明:在放电功率为100 W、放电时间为100 s和氩气流量为20 cm3/min的条件下,过氧基团浓度为2.87×1013个/cm2;过氧基团越多,越有利于AA在PTFE表面发生接枝反应;随着接枝率的增加,PTFE表面接触角呈下降趋势.     

二氧化硫等离子体处理聚乙烯膜表面及抗凝血性能

目的 研究等离子改性低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）膜表面的抗凝血性能,方法 用二氧化硫（ＳＯ２）气体等离子体处理ＬＤＰＥ膜表面,通过接触角预测,研究磺酸基与表面浸润性,表面自由能之间的关系．用ＸＰＳ能谱,ＡＴＲ－ＦＴＩＲ对表面组成及结构进行表征,体外凝血试验分析抗凝血性能。结果 ＳＯ２气体等离子体处理ＬＤＰＥ膜表面,可使磺酸基与ＬＤＰＥ表面分子共价结合,获得了具有抗凝血性能的表面分子结构。结论 ＳＯ２气     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.