V-Ti催化剂低氧催化氧化邻二甲苯制苯酐——Ⅰ.V含量和助剂K、P、Nb对催化剂性能的影响

在气相氧浓度10%条件下,研究了催化剂中各组元含量及助剂K、P、Nb对催化活性的影响。结果表明,在一定浸涂量下,V含量有一最佳值(4.38%),K含量达0.3%(mol)时,催化剂活性处于最佳值。XRD分析表明:由于助剂的存在,催化剂结构中V_2O_(4.33)的晶胞尺寸发生了畸变。经计算,沿001面,V_2O_(4.33)的C轴缩短了0.018nm。IR测试表明,由于助剂的作用使V=O键振动频率发生改变,说明助剂对V=O键有诱导作用。在空速3.000h~(-1),氧浓度10%,邻二甲苯60g/m~3,床层最高温度450℃条件下,苯酐重量收率可达117.4%。     

TiO_2、Al_2O_3基燃烧催化剂的固态化学研究

研究了TiO_2烧结及相变过程的动力学、机理及载体TiO_2经Al2O_3改性后的热稳定性。考察了以纯TiO_2和改性TiO_2为载体所制催化剂的耐热性。结果表明,Tio_2的烧结为体积扩散过程,锐钛型TiO_2变为金红石型的核化-生长过程中,成核和生长的活化能分别为71kJ/mol和227kJ/mol,其中生长过程为晶界扩散。用共沉淀法在TiO_2中掺杂Al_2O_3能明显提高Tio_2的热稳定性。Cu-Mn-Ce-O/TiO_2催化剂在700℃高温处理时,催化活性反而升高,这可能与TiO_2的相变过程有关。     

微量PVA衍生物改性纳米二氧化钛的可见光催化性能

为研究纳米复合材料的可见光催化活性和催化稳定性,用简易方法制备了具有共轭结构的聚乙烯醇衍生物(DPVA)改性的TiO_2基可见光催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对DPVA/TiO_2纳米复合材料进行了系统的分析与表征。以罗丹明B为模型污染物,通过跟踪该类纳米复合材料存在条件下罗丹明B的可见光降解反应,考察可见光催化活性和稳定性。结果表明:微量的共轭聚合物DPVA附着在纳米TiO_2表面,没有影响其晶型和晶粒尺寸,但显著提高了纳米复合材料的可见光吸收能力和可见光催化活性;当PVA与TiO_2的质量比为1∶200时,复合微粒表现出最好的可见光催化活性;该类纳米复合材料具有较好的可见光催化稳定性;在该类可见光催化降解罗丹明B的反应体系中,催化活性中心主要为纳米复合材料内的光生空穴。     

CO加氢合成甲醇Cu-Mn~(2+)/SiO_2催化剂的研究

负载型Cu/SiO_2或Mn/SiO_2催化剂对CO加氢合成甲醇反应的催化活性甚低,而Cu-Mn~(2+)/SiO_2催化剂的催化活性却很高,研究表明,Mn~(2+)的加入使催化剂表面的分散度增大,并可能通过Cu-Mn~(2+)间的有关轨道相互作用或通过Cu、Mn与载体间的氧桥间接发生作用,使催化剂吸附氢和异裂氢的能力增大,为HCOO~-后续加氢提供充足的氢原,从而提高Cu-Mn~(2+)/SiO_2催化剂CO加氢合成甲醇的催化活性。     

Er~(3+)·NaYF_4/TiO_2光催化剂的制备和性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶-超声工艺合成了一种由上转换发光材料Er~(3+)·NaYF_4复合TiO_2的光催化剂。通过XRD、UVVis、SEM、TEM等手段,对复合光催化剂进行表征,研究了该催化剂在可见光下,对亚甲基蓝光的催化降解性能。实验结果表明,溶胶-凝胶-超声法使Er~(3+)·NaYF_4以六方相形式与锐钛矿型TiO_2复合,且复合均匀性能良好;由于Er~(3+)·NaYF_4的复合,使TiO_2锐钛矿型晶格参数改变,复合催化剂可见光区产生明显吸收;25%,~30%,Er~(3+)·NaYF_4复合TiO_2的催化剂降解亚甲基蓝效果最佳,总脱色率达94%,以上,可见光降解率是TiO_2可见光降解率的3.6倍。因此,利用Er~(3+)·Na YF4上转换发光材料对TiO_2复合,可以使其吸光范围拓宽至可见光区,而且显著提升TiO_2光催化性能。     

N掺杂对TiO_2负载Cu基催化剂甲醛乙炔化性能的影响

以TiO_2及N掺杂的TiO_2为载体、CuCl_2·2H_2O为铜源、NaOH为沉淀剂,采用沉积沉淀法制备了Cu含量(质量分数,下同)为30%的CuO/TiO_2及CuO/N-TiO_2催化剂。结合N_2物理吸附、XRD、XPS、H_2-TPR、CO-IR等表征,研究了N掺杂对TiO_2负载CuO催化剂结构及甲醛乙炔化性能的影响。结果表明,经N掺杂的TiO_2呈现出较多的Ti ~(3+)物种及氧空位,增加了CuO与载体间的相互作用,有利于CuO物种的分散。在炔化反应过程中,CuO原位转变为高分散的Cu~+活性中心,催化剂表现出高的催化活性与使用稳定性。     

负载型燃烧催化剂La0.8Sr0.2CoO3／ZrO2—CeO2的性能研究

以稀土复合氧化物La0.8Sr0.2CoO3为活性组分,ZrO-CeO2为载体,采用浸渍法制备出负载型燃烧催化剂La0.8Sr0.2CoO3/ZrO2-CeO2,用XRD,TPR,二甲苯完全氧化研究了催化剂的晶相,还原性能及催化活性,并与负载型催化剂La0.8Sr0.2CoO3／堇青石和单一相La0.8Sr0.2CoO3催化剂进行了对比,结果表明,负载型La0.8Sr0.2CoO3/ZrO2-CeO2催化剂具有较好的催化活性和抗高温性能。     

镍基催化剂对乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯性能的研究

用均匀沉淀法制备了片状复合氧化镍NiMO(M=Li,Sr,Y,Fe,La)催化剂,并研究了其对乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯的催化性能.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)等方法对镍基催化剂进行了表征.X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜检测结果表明:助剂的加入对催化剂的形貌影响不大,仍为片状结构;平均粒径为5~10 nm.程序升温还原和脱附表征结果表明:助剂Li,Sr并未进入NiO晶格;而助剂Y,Fe,La与Ni之间具有相互作用,因而影响催化剂的理化性质和催化活性.其中,Fe掺杂的片状氧化镍催化剂对乙烯的选择性和收率均有所改善,340℃时NiFeO催化剂上的乙烯收率可达18.2%.     

负载型金催化剂的制备及其对CO催化氧化性能的研究

通过沉积沉淀法制备了负载型金催化剂,测定了其对CO的催化氧化性能.结果表明,催化剂的活性与催化剂的载体种类、焙烧温度和放置时间等因素有关;Au/TiO2和Au/CeO2催化剂的催化活性较高,而Au/ZnO催化剂的催化活性较低;焙烧温度影响催化剂的性能,焙烧温度为400℃时,催化剂活性最高;较长的放置时间会降低催化剂性能,这可能与活性组分粒径长大有关.     

负载型乙腈合成钼催化剂XPS表征与催化活性

用XPS研究CO-H_2-NH_3混合气合成乙腈负载?催化剂表面Mo物种。结果表明,乙腈合成催化活性与表面Mo~(4+)物种有关,活性评价表明,载体明显地影响乙腈合成催化活性,催化剂活性高低??为Mo/TiO_2>Mo/ZrO_2 ?MoγAl_2O_3>Mo/SiO_2>Mo/MgO;这种效应可能来自不同载体对于调变和稳定表面Mo物种??价态作用的??。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.