苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)体细胞胚发生与成苗研究——Ⅱ.人工种子贮藏与种植

苜蓿人工种子在60％RH中脱水3天,仍保持100％萌发和62.5％的成苗率,贮藏5天时失去发芽力。在45％RH中干燥3天后无萌发能力。非脱水状况下,人工种子保存在4℃中1个月,其发芽率和成苗率分别为91％和87％。人工种子直接播种于添加营养液的灭菌混合土中发芽率达100％,成苗率为41.6％。播种在无附加营养的混合土中虽然发芽率达100％,人工种子存活2个月以上,但不能转换成苗。人工种子在转换培养基上转化成苗后,移植至混合土中盆栽3个星期后幼苗成活率达80％以上。盆栽幼苗再移植至试验小区,成活率达98％以上。3个月后形成30cm高的致密草层,平均株高为48.8cm。     

发育中花生胚离体萌发和蛋白酶活性变化及脱落酸的影响

发育过程中花生胚氨肽醇有两个活性高峰，与贮藏蛋白质的两个合成高峰相吻合，发育晚期有微弱的羧肽酶活性出现，脱落酸能抑制离体胚萌发，抑制内肽酶和羧肽酶活性，但不抑制氨肽酶活性。发育早期离体胚萌发时贮藏蛋白质降解依赖于羧肽酶、Ａｃｔ－Ｄ和ＣＨＭ处理结果表明羧肽酸在成熟胚已预存但活性处于抑制状态。     

关于虎眼万年青体细胞胚的细胞起源和发育过程的初步研究

本文以虎眼万年青鳞片小切段为外植体，对体细胞胚的发生途径，起源模式及发育过程作了系列切片和扫描电镜观察，结果表明大量体细胞胚直接发生于外植体近轴面的表面细胞或薄壁细胞。有些体细胞胚起源于单细胞，另一些起源于几个细胞构成的胚胎发生单元，但始终未见起源于十多个甚至几十个细胞的细胞学证据。有不少体细胞胚发生于肿块样突起物上，这地局部区域表皮细胞的增生加厚。明显不同于胚性愈伤组织，在胚胎发育过程中胚体侧面     

仙客来(Cyclamen Persicum Mill)胚性愈伤形态和组织结构的动态观察

用仙客来（Cyclamen persicum Mill)成苗叶柄作为外植体，培养在附加2，4－D和KT的1／2MS培养基上诱导体细胞胚性愈伤组织的发生，对体细胞胚性愈伤组织发生过程中外部形态和组织细胞学结构进行了 动态观察。结果表明，叶柄组织发化的起始部位在维管束的维管束鞘细胞，启动时间是培养后2d；叶柄外植体培养至20d左右，愈伤组织呈松散透明状态，胚性细胞出现，标志着进入胚性愈伤组织阶段，胚性细胞多发生在所形成的愈伤组织的表层或近表层细胞，细胞大而壁薄，与非胚性细胞联系疏松，细胞核大，并位于细胞中央，细胞质浓厚，分别观察有单细胞、二分体和四分体状态。     

埃斯基红豆草原生质体培养直接形成体细胞胚与再生植株

埃斯基红豆草花茎愈伤组织的原生质体在修改的ＫＭ８Ｐ和Ｖ－ＫＭ液体培养其中均能高频率地分裂和形成克隆，其分裂率为７１．４％－７６．１９％，在ＫＭ８Ｐ培养其中，原生质体经不等分裂可以直接形成体细胞胚，在Ｖ－ＫＭ培养其中形成的小愈伤组织培养也有体细胞胚的分化。     

玉米叶片愈伤组织体细胞胚胎发生的细胞形态学观察

应用ＭＳ＋２．０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１，２，４－Ｄ＋０．５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ＢＡ作为培养基，附加５００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１水解酪蛋白和ｗ＝３０％蔗糖、可以从玉米叶片愈 直接诱导出体细胞胚胎。观察表明，玉米胚性细胞同非胚性细胞差别显著。玉米幼叶体细胞胚胎可能起源于单细胞；发育早期的胚性细胞团与周围薄壁细胞存在着明显的界限，推测可能同体细胞胚胎发生初期的生理隔离有关，它随着胚胎发育而逐渐消失。     

植物人工种子研究概况

植物人工种子综合了天然种子和组培无性系的优点,在农林业具有极大的应用前景。综述了植物人工种子国内外的发展概况,包括人工种子概念、国内外取得进展,人工种子关键技术,包括体细胞胚发生与同步化调控方法、人工种子制作、贮藏、人工种子的萌发与成苗。应组织多学科专家联合攻关,力求在大田作物、经济植物上人工种子研制方面取得突破。     

低温冷藏玉米花粉过氧化物酶同工酶的变化

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳对低温冷冻－真空干燥－常低温保存的玉米花粉过氧化物酶同工酶进行了研究，在相对温度保持在８０％，贮藏温度－１０℃，花娄水汾保持在６％￣８％的条件下，经冷冻贮藏１５０ｄ后仍有５％￣８￣的萌发能力，结果表明，过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱的表达与冷藏的时间，温度，湿度有关。     

TDZ促进花生外植体分化及基因转化

以花生成熟胚的上胚轴和胚叶为外植体，通过农杆菌介导转化Bt和CpTI双基因，在共培养基和诱导培养基中加入TDZ诱导不定芽和体细胞胚，实验证明，TDZ有明显促进花生外植体分化的作用，当诱导培养基组成为TDZ0．3mg/L NAA 0.4mg/L，诱导时间为28d，分化培养基为MS时采用TDZ发胚培养基萌发的轴外植体分化率最高，可达73％，GUS基因阳性率3．5％，当诱导培养基组成的TDZ0．2mg/L NAA0.4mg/L，诱导时间为21d，分化培养基为MS时水萌发种胚叶外植体分化率最高，达56％，GUS基因阳性率2．5％。     

“素心”蜡梅花粉生活力及贮藏力的研究

采用离体萌发法,研究不同的培养基对成年株“素心”蜡梅(Chimonanthus praecox)花粉萌发的作用,并探讨不同干燥时间及贮藏条件对花粉生活力的影响。结果表明,干燥4 h的花粉在10%蔗糖+75 mg·L-1 H3BO3+0.1‰Ca Cl2+50mg·L-1 GA3的培养基上培养4 h后萌发率最高,并且干燥4 h后的花粉贮藏2 d后生活力下降明显,在-20℃条件下贮藏6 d后花粉萌发率明显高于4℃和20℃贮藏的花粉,第8 d后3种贮藏条件下的花粉萌发率均不到1%。研究结果可为测定和分析蜡梅花粉生活力提供一定的参考,也为蜡梅储存指出了方向。
     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-