浅析循环撞击流反应器中的混合

介绍了撞击流的基本原理，在一系列已有的研究结果的基础上，浅析了循环撞击流反应器中的混合，并指出了对其中的微观混合进行研究的方向。     

撞击流反应器微观混合性能的研究

采用碘化物-碘酸盐平行竞争反应作为工作体系,对撞击流反应器内的微观混合特性进行了研究。考察了进料速率、氢离子浓度、撞击角度等因素对离集指数的影响规律,估算了撞击流反应器内的微观混合时间。结果表明：撞击角度在30°～180°范围以内,离集指数随着撞击角度的增加而下降;在实验范围流速以内（064～468?m/s）,随着溶液A流率的逐渐增大而减小。与常用的搅拌反应器相比,撞击流反应器具有优良的微观混合性能,更适合于快速反应过程。     

撞击流反应器内微观混合过程的研究

采用α－萘酚与对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐的偶合竞争串联二级反应体系,在４种型式的两喷嘴对置同轴撞击流反应器内研究了喷嘴中心和环隙射流的动量比、射流速度、喷嘴间距、反应器容积对撞击流反应器内微观混合过程的影响。结果表明：增大喷嘴中心和环隙射流的动量比可改善微观混合状态;在撞击区特征停留时间处于０．０３－１．０ｓ的实验范围内存在一最佳特征停留时间ｔＲＣ,当ｔＲ〈ｔＲＣ时,减少ｔＲ并不能有效改善微观混合状况;当     

浸没循环撞击流反应器的流场数值模拟

利用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS中的计算流体动力学模块(FLOTRANCFD),对浸没循环撞击流反应器(简称SCISR)的流场进行了模拟和分析·计算结果表明,SCISR流场中各参数关于撞击面完全对称;导流筒上下两侧及撞击区内仍然有死区存在,可以通过增加雷诺数来减小·在撞击区内速度等值线比较密集,即这个区速度梯度比较大,这对于促进湍动混合非常有利·最后,应用计算机压力采集装置对流场进行了压力测试,并与模拟结果进行了比较·     

基于Fluent超高压微流道撞击流反应器速度场的研究

采用ANSYS软件建立了超高压微型反应器的三维模型,并对整个计算区域采用结构和非结构网格进行离散处理.运用Fluent软件分别对同向撞击流反应器和同轴相向撞击流反应器的速度场进行了模拟,研究了在相同高压下两种不同结构的撞击流反应器内部的速度场.结果表明,在相同的高压下,同轴相向撞击流反应器内的速度明显大于同向撞击流反应器内的速度,同轴相向撞击流反应器能产生更高的动能,这会增强反应器内部流场的湍动混合和撞击效果,为进一步优化超高压微型撞击流反应器的结构提供参考.     

撞击流反应器停留时间分布

在直径300 mm、高500 mm的冷模装置上,以水为介质,KC l饱和溶液为示踪剂,测定了两喷嘴及四喷嘴撞击流反应器的停留时间分布,探讨了流量以及喷嘴数量对停留时间分布的影响。结果表明:流量相同时,增加对置喷嘴数量可明显改善反应器内混合效果;利用前短路Γ混合模型和组合模型对实验数据进行了关联,并对两种模型的特点进行了分析比较;模拟计算结果显示:模型可以很好地描述撞击流反应器的停留时间分布。     

浸没循环撞击流反应器压力波动信号的小波分析

为了深入了解反应器中压力波动的频率特性及产生原因,基于小波变换方法对浸没撞击流反应器中测得的压力波动信号进行分析·从不同尺度上提取信号并计算波动能量,并对压力波动信号在频域上的分布进行分析·确认波动能量主要集中在1kHz之下的范围内,对能量空间分布的分析证明了波动强烈区域是关于轴及关于撞击面对称的·根据强烈波动空间位置的不同将波动频率划分为三个范围,并分析了各范围波动产生的原因·随螺旋桨转数的增加,各尺度的波动能量总体增强,频率分布有一定的变化·对强度的体积积分结果显示主流体旋涡产生的波动能量占主要部分·     

顶吹浸没搅拌中液相混合过程的可视化

为了研究顶吹浸没搅拌中的液相混合过程,采用平面激光诱导荧光技术对顶吹浸没搅拌中的液相混合过程进行无干扰、可视化测量。利用平面混合均匀度U(t)和混合时间t_(95)分析不同条件下的液相混合效果。研究结果表明:在不同条件下,液相的混合过程具有较大差异性,提高空气流量和增加喷枪浸没深度均可有效减小液相的混合时间;当喷枪浸没深度较小时,反应器中液相的局部混合情况具有较大差异性,液相底部的混合时间大于液相上层的混合时间,提高空气流量和增加喷枪浸没深度可减小液相的局部混合差异性;当喷枪浸没深度较小时,荧光剂在液相底部注射会显著增加混合时间,增加喷枪浸没深度可使底部注射的混合时间与顶部注射的混合时间趋于一致,而底部注射时局部混合时间变化趋势与顶部注射时的变化趋势一致。     

离心式搅拌细胞培养反应器的流体循环及氧传递规律

研究了一种具有离心式搅拌器的新型细胞培养反应器的流体循环，混合特性及氧传递规律。采用这种离心式搅拌器，既充分利用了细胞提升式搅拌器的优点，又大幅度地提高了流体循环效率。氧传递速率，通气速率均与转速有关，其中通气速率的影响最为显著。根据实验数据，建立了反应器中的氧传递和提长筒中流体流动的关联式。     

VCISR不同撞击间距下压力波动的数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法对VCISR(立式循环撞击流反应器)不同导流筒间距下压力波动的空间分布和时域分布进行研究,设定搅拌转速分别取为10,20和30 r/s,上下两导流筒的间距分别取为60,100和140mm.结果表明:导流筒间距对压力波动的空间分布和时域分布有重大影响,同一转速下,导流筒间距为100mm时反应器内空间压力波动强度达到最大值,导流筒间距为60 mm时反应器内时域压力波动强度达到最大值,微观混合效果分别达到最好;转速相同时,不同导流筒间距下时域压力波动曲线变化的趋势基本相同,即随着时间的增加先迅速下降后缓慢上升,达到一个时间分界点后时域压力值基本保持不变,导流筒间距越大达到时间分界点所需的时间越长.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.