管道内瓦斯爆炸火焰传播压力与温度特性

为了研究瓦斯爆炸的压力与温度特性,利用矩形管道装置对不同体积分数的瓦斯进行爆炸实验。采用压力传感器和微细热电偶测量爆炸过程中压力与温度的变化,并结合高速摄像仪采集火焰传播图像。研究结果表明:该管道内最大爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率以及火焰温度峰值都随瓦斯体积分数的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,到达最大爆炸压力的时间随瓦斯体积分数的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势。该管道上部燃烧比下部燃烧剧烈,下部火焰温度峰值与瓦斯体积分数呈4次函数表达式。在瓦斯爆炸火焰传播过程中,火焰峰面会发生变化,当瓦斯体积分数越接近10%时,越易形成"Tulip"火焰峰面;当瓦斯体积分数为10%时,火焰最明亮,最大爆炸压力和火焰温度峰值都取得最大值,分别为0.74 MPa和1 704.26℃。     

N和Fe3+共掺杂TiO2薄膜的制备及亲水性能研究

 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N和Fe³⁺共掺杂的TiO₂薄膜,研究了N,Fe³⁺不同掺杂比例、镀膜层数、热处理温度和光照时间等对TiO₂薄膜亲水性能的影响.结果表明当掺杂物N和Fe³⁺的摩尔比为5.9:1、镀膜层数为3层、热处理温度为550℃时,所制备的薄膜亲水性能最佳(接触角为2°).     

沥青热稳定性与燃烧特性的量化评价

采用恒温加热试验、氧指数试验和锥形量热试验,对比分析了基质沥青和橡胶沥青的质量损失、氧指数、热释放速率(HRR)、总释放热(THR)和质量损失速率(MLR),用以精确量化评价沥青的热稳定性和燃烧特性.试验结果表明：橡胶沥青在相同温度下的质量损失、氧指数值、HRR峰值、THR峰值、MLR峰值及其质量损失速率随温度升高而增加的变化值均高于基质沥青;橡胶沥青热稳定性和燃烧特性劣于基质沥青;对比3种试验方案,锥形量热试验评价参数较多,结果更为可靠,建议采用锥形量热法评价沥青热稳定性与燃烧特性.     

BLim1/2+(m=6、7)团簇的结构及储氢性能的研究

为开发新型储氢材料提供更为丰富的理论基础,采用B3LYP泛函在6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上对BLi₆⁺超碱团簇和BLi₇²⁺超碱土团簇的稳定性结构、电荷分布等方面进行理论研究,进而研究团簇的储氢性能。结果表明：两个离子团簇均比它们所对应的中性团簇均具有较高的动力学稳定性。两个离子团簇中的每个Li原子同时有效吸附2个氢分子,BLi₆⁺团簇中氢分子在团簇表面平均吸附能为0.969~2.162kCal/mol,储氢质量分数达31.56wt%。而BLi₇⁺团簇中氢分子在团簇表面平均吸附能为1.764~3.714kCal/mol,储氢质量分数达32.21wt%。它们的储氢性能表明BLi₆⁺团簇和BLi₇²⁺团簇均有望成为良好的储氢媒介。     

基于点状火源的秸秆火焰蔓延及燃烧特性

该文开展了圆柱形堆积秸秆的燃烧实验，测量并研究了不同堆积直径和堆积厚度条件下秸秆火焰发展蔓延过程、火焰结构、秸秆质量损失以及火焰温度等，推导并建立了关于质量损失速率■、无量纲火焰温度的定量模型。结果表明：秸秆燃烧过程中随着燃烧区域的扩大，火焰结构会依次出现中空的锥形火焰、分离的环形火焰以及断裂的环形火焰形态；秸秆质量损失速率呈现先增加后减少的趋势，其峰值与秸秆初始质量具有良好的线性关系，表明秸秆的初始质量越大越有助于燃烧过程的热量积累；火焰轴心温度也呈现先增大后减小的趋势，无量纲火焰温度与■具有幂函数关系，随■增加呈现不同斜率的线性下降趋势，其中z-z₀为火焰相对高度。该研究结论有助于加深对秸秆火灾发展蔓延过程的认识。     

抑制off-gel分离中18O标记回标的方法研究

off-gel分离法和¹⁸O标记是蛋白质组学研究中常用的分离和标记方法,通过对大鼠纹状体蛋白酶解后的肽段进行off-gel分离,以及基于超滤后的¹⁸O标记与off-gel分离的结果表明,off-gel对复杂生物样品具有良好的聚焦和分离效果,超滤去除游离酶后,¹⁸O标记的肽段没有发现明显回标现象,¹⁶O与¹⁸O标记的肽段1:1混合后,90%以上的蛋白¹⁶O/¹⁸O比值为1.04±0.16,因此,对复杂样品的考察结果说明基于超滤的¹⁸O标记可以与off-gel分离联合使用,扩大了¹⁸O标记在分离方法中的选择范围,能够应用于定量蛋白质组学的研究中.     

广西乐业天坑群中苔藓的放射性核素分析

为探究广西喀斯特地貌对放射性核素分布及当地环境放射性的影响,利用高纯锗探测器对广西喀斯特地区的大曹天坑和邓家坨天坑采集来的苔藓样品中⁷Be、⁴⁰K、²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、²¹⁰Pb和¹³⁷Cs的放射性比活度进行测量与分析。结果表明：在苔藓植物中, ⁷Be的放射性比活度为202.3-698.8 Bq/kg [平均值：(430.7±169.7) Bq/kg,n=7];⁴⁰K为33.7-159.9 Bq/kg [平均值：(91.6±44.1) Bq/kg, n=7];²³⁸U为检测限(3.0 Bq/kg)至54.4 Bq/kg [平均值：(16.9±23.6) Bq/kg,n=7];²³²Th为1.2-42.5 Bq/kg [平均值：(14.7±15.9) Bq/kg, n=7];²²⁶Ra为0.7-48.4 Bq/kg [平均值：(16.9±20.3) Bq/kg,n=7];²¹⁰Pb为284.1-950.5 Bq/kg [平均值：(555.5±231.0) Bq/kg, n=7]; ¹³⁷Cs为检测限(0.1 Bq/kg)至2.3 Bq/kg [平均值：(1.1±0.9) Bq/kg,n=7]。对比后发现所有测得的数据均在正常范围内,表明天坑这一喀斯特地貌对放射性核素的分布并没有显著影响,该地区也不存在其他污染来源,同时为我国南方喀斯特地区大气示踪提供数据支撑。     

4A和13X分子筛去除水中重金属Cd2+及其吸附性能研究

以4A和13X分子筛为吸附材料,考察废水pH值和Cd²⁺初始浓度等对Cd²⁺去除率的影响,并研究了分子筛对Cd²⁺的吸附性能。结果表明,4A和13X分子筛投加量为0.16g/L、废水pH值为5、Cd²⁺浓度为20mg/L时,Cd²⁺去除率达到95%以上;分子筛对Cd²⁺的去除机理以离子交换吸附为主,交换出来的Na⁺与分子筛吸附的Cd²⁺摩尔浓度比为2;在吸附热力学和动力学方面,4A和13X分子筛均符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和Lagergren二级速率方程,计算的饱和吸附容量Q₀分别为150.15、163.67mg/g,二级反应速率常数K₂分别为2.45×10-3、3.96×10-4 g/(mg·s)。该吸附反应是一种单分子层反应速度较快的化学吸附过程。     

油层爆燃压裂造缝加载模型

油层爆燃造缝加载模型是油层爆燃压裂造缝动态模拟模型研究的基础.基于固体药柱燃烧分析、燃烧速度方程、质量守恒方程和能量守恒方程,建立药柱爆燃加载过程的燃烧速度、爆燃压力、爆燃温度随时间变化的计算模型,并分析其影响因素及影响规律.结果表明:药柱爆燃后压力、温度均迅速上升,达到峰值压力和峰值温度所用时间为毫秒级;在其他条件相同的情况下,装药壁厚增大,峰值压力和峰值温度不变,升压速率和升温速率减小;装药量增加,峰值压力、峰值温度、升压速率、升温速率均增大;初始压力增大,峰值压力增大,峰值温度减小,升压速率和升温速率不变;初始体积增加,峰值压力、峰值温度、升压速率、升温速率均减小.     

改性纳米二氧化硅对聚乙烯性能的影响

研究了改性纳米SiO2对聚乙烯(PE)热降解行为和燃烧行为的影响.实验证明,改性处理提高了纳米SiO2在PE中的分散性,进一步降低燃烧过程的热释放速率和质量损失速率,热释放速率峰值和质量损失速率峰值均有下降,对阻燃发挥了积极意义.     

Na+-K+-ATP酶的π-演算语义及验证

给出了Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶跨越细胞膜同时主动向胞内运转钾离子和向胞外运转钠离子这一生化过程的π-演算模型及该模型的Spin验证. 证明了用过程代数的方法表示以“相互通讯”和“可移动”为主要特征的生物系统并模拟其行为的可行性.      

Effect of MTEC1 on the functional expression of TCRaβ+ 3G11− 6C10− CD4+ CD8− thymocyte subset

A murine CD4⁺ thymocyte subset with phenotype of TCRαβ⁺ 3G11⁻ 6C10⁻ CD4⁺ CD8⁻ CD69^+/- HSA^med/lo contains the cells in relatively functional matured status. The functional property of the cells in this subset is characterized by the unique pattern of cytokine production at transitional stage from Th0 to Th2 type with the latter being the dominant type. After being co-cultured with murine thymic medullary epithelial cell line (MTEC1) cells, a murine thymic medullary type epithelial cell line, the TCRαβ⁺ 3G11⁻ 6C10⁻ CD4⁺ CD8⁻ CD69^+/- HSA^med/lo thymocytes, has exhibited significantly higher levels of proliferation capability and IL-6 production, whereas the production of IL-4 and IL-10 is suppressed after co-culturing with MTECl. By contrast, MTECl could not induce thymocytes to secrete Thl type of cytokines. The results suggest that MTECl can regulate functional status of this thymocyte subset and induce them to develop into a specialized Th2 subset.     

Effects of La3+ and Gd3+ on Ca2+ influx in rat hepatoma H-35 cells

Effects of La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ on Ca²⁺ influx were investigated in rat hepatoma H-35 cells by measuring the initial rate of⁴⁵Ca²⁺ uptake. It was found that the maximum initial rate of Ca²⁺ uptake was increased six-to ten-fold at low concentrations of La³⁺ and Gd³⁺. Kinetic analyses by measuring the initial rate of Ca²⁺ influx at different external Ca²⁺ concentrations indicated the existence of two intracellular exchangeable components in the basal Ca²⁺ system, with low and high affinities for Ca²⁺, and only one class of Ca²⁺ binding sites was observed in the La³⁺-or Gd³⁺-treated cells. For high affinity, La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ increased both kinetic parametersK _m andV _max of basai Ca²⁺ influx. La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ compete directly with Ca²⁺ for Ca²⁺ binding site for low affinity. The kinetics is competitive.     

Functional maturation of two murine medullary-type CD8SP thymocytes

TCRαβCD4-CD8+ thymocytes are heterogeneity. They may undergo phenotypic and functional maturation within thymic medulla. Medullary-type CD8SP thymocytes were divided into seven subsets based on phenotypic analysis, and their precursor-progeny relationship along with the differential pathway was also delineated. To further testify the validity of the maturation pathway, we purified 6C10-CD69+ cells representing the early stage and 6C10-Qa-2+ cells representing the later stage among medullary-type CD8SP thymocytes and compared their functional maturation levels. CD8+ T cells of spleen were used as the control. It is shown that there is no obvious difference of proliferation ability among these three subsets; however, intracytoplasmic cytokine assay shows that there is a hier archy of IFN-γ and TNFα secretion among these subsets, strikingly comparable to their phenotypic status among medullary type CD8SP thymocytes. The bioassays of IL-2 and IFN-γ in culture supernatant give the similar results.     

Export of particulate organic carbon estimated from234Th-238U disequilibria and its temporal variation in the South China Sea

Activities of²³⁴Th and nutrient concentrations in the upper 500 m water column were measured at a time-series station in the South China Sea over a time span of 12.3 d. Results showed a reduction of dissolved²³⁴Th and an overall increase of particulate²³⁴Th during the period. Meanwhile, activities of total²³⁴Th kept fairly constant, implying rapid transformation of²³⁴Th between the dissolved and particulate forms. Vertical profiles of total²³⁴Th showed evident deficit of²³⁴Th relative to²³⁸U in the upper 500 m water column. Using an irreversible steady-state model of thorium scavenging, export fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) corresponding to time pointsT ₁ andT ₂ were estimated to be 46.5 and 13.1 mmolC · m⁻² · d⁻¹. It was demonstrated that the estimation of POC export was greatly dependent on the POC/²³⁴Th_P ratios and the bias caused by the different models of²³⁴Th scavenging, however, was considered to be of minor importance.     

Oxygen isotopic (17O-18O) heterogeneity in Archaean continental nucleus, North China Craton

The oxygen isotopic data for amphibolites from Archaean continental nucleus, North China Craton indicate that ( i ) the evolving lines structured by the data are parallel to the geoselenic evolving line, which means that the parent materials of these continental nucleus originated from solar matter; ( ii ) different intercepts for these evolving lines manifest that oxygen isotopic compositions of different continental nucleus are heterogeneous, which means that these continental nucleuses originated from different parent resources with different original compositions.     

Determination of specific activity of230Th in uranium ore samples

A new method suitable for determining specific activity of²³⁰Th in uranium ore samples is built. The method is characterized by adding the²³⁰Th/²³²Th standard dilution agent with lower activity ratio (Its²³⁰Th/²³²Th activity ratio and²³⁰Th have been known) to the samples and using isotopic dilution analysis. The method can be applied to analyses of²³⁰Th specific activity in various²³⁰Th/²³²Th activity ratio samples. The precision can also be improved.     

Laser probe40Ar/39Ar dating of mica on the deformed rocks from Altyn Fault and its tectonic implications, western China

The samples of Caledonian mylonitized granite and Jurassic meta-sedimentary rocks were collected in the north of Dangjinshan Pass, Qaidam gate fault-valley and Gesi fault-valley. Detailed studies under the microscope and electronic microscope suggest that all the samples contain the syntectonic-growing minerals such as white mica, chlorite, sericite, biotite, etc. By dating these minerals, we got a group of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar laser probe isochronal ages of 89—92 Ma and apparent ages of (46.6±6.4) Ma. The ages ranging from 97 to 46 Ma were reported for the first time in the isotopic dating researches of the Altyn Fault. The isochronal age group of (98—89) Ma indicates that a ductile strike-slip event, with low-grade metamorphism, began in late Cretaceous. This suggests that the strike-slip movement of the Altyn Fault should be related to the formation of the so-called west tectonic syntaxis in the Nepal-western Kunlun area.     

Effect of fatty acids on polyamine contents and Na+/H+ antiport activity in PM vesicles isolated from roots of barley under salt stress

With 200 mmol/L NaCl treatment on barley cultivar “Jian 4” (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. J4) seedlings for 6 d, the contents of covalently and noncovalently conjugated polyamines (PAs) and activities of H⁺-ATPase in plasma membrane (PM) vesicles isolated from the roots decreased remarkably. Moreover, the activity of Na⁺/H⁺ antiport was detected first in PM vesicles. The results showed that the decrease in the contents of membrane phospholipid, noncovalently conjugated PAs and activity of H⁺-ATPase caused by NaCl could be restored partially by application of 1 mmol/L stearie acid (C_16:0) and linoleic acid (C_18:2), and C_18:2 was more effective than C_16:0 In addition, a reduction in the contents of covalently conjugated PAs was only reversed partially in the presence of C_18:2 Furthermore, Na⁺/H⁺ antiport activity was strengthened by exogenous C_16:0 and C_18:2 and C_18:2 was more effective than C_16:0. The correlative analysis suggested that, after application of C_16:0 and C_18:2 under salt stress, there was a significant positive correlation existing among phospholipid content, noncovalently conjugated PA levels, H⁺-ATPase activities and Na⁺/H⁺ antiport activities, indicating that one of the mitigative mechanisms of exogenous fatty acids on salt injury was to improve membrane phospholipid and PA contents, leading to an enhance in membrane integrity and a change in charge status of PM vesicles, so the activity of membrane-associated enzyme H⁺-ATPase was increased and synthesis of Na⁺/H⁺ antiport protein was activated.     

含Sr2+和Bi3+有机杂化体的合成及其光降解罗丹明B

采用溶剂热法在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中合成了不同摩尔比例的SrCl_2和Bi(NO_3)_3(分别为5%,10%,30%,50%,80%)与对苯二甲酸形成的含Sr~(2+)和Bi~(3+)有机杂化体,并在紫外可见光照射下对其进行了罗丹明B降解活性的评价.结果表明:杂化体在紫外可见光下对RhB降解活性良好,其中SrCl_2摩尔比例10%掺杂的催化剂光降解活性最佳,这归结于其在紫外区域对光有很好的吸收及光生电子和空穴能有效地分离.双金属离子能协同调节有机杂化体的光催化活性.