烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

全球化对我国法律人才培养模式与方法的影响

全球化泛指多领域间的更多联系、破除疆域、协调合作,其中包括法律的全球化。我国现有的法律人才培养模式与教学方法要积极主动地适应法律全球化的需要,一是要加强培养高端精英型法律人才,主动参与法律全球化进程,争取全球治理下的中国自主性与话语权;二是要完善各层次应用型法律人才的培养目标和方案,更好地服务于转型期依法治国的需求;三是要更新法学教学手段,强化法学教学方法的实践性,从而增强法律领域的国际竞争力。     

试论曾国藩的奏疏文体观

奏疏是中国古代社会臣民上奏帝王文书的总称，属于上行公文。作为一种具有政治性和工具性的应用文体，奏疏具有自己独特的功能和文体特点。清代“同治中兴”明臣曾国藩一生所上奏疏数以千计，他认为奏疏应做到语言明白显豁、思想忠爱笃诚、气象光明俊伟。这些写作特点对现代公文仍具有重要的启示意义。     

回采工作面瓦斯涌出分布规律的研究

回采工作面瓦斯超限现象经常发生,给煤矿安全生产带来重大隐患.为了掌握回采工作面瓦斯涌出的状况及随时空的变化规律,寻找瓦斯富集地点,确保工作面安全生产.采用单元法原理对平煤新峰四矿12160工作面的瓦斯来源及构成进行了研究分析,得出了回采工作面瓦斯涌出的分布规律,为工作面防止瓦斯积聚及改变瓦斯运移通道等瓦斯治理提供必要的技术指导.     

美学的形式和法则与英语词汇记忆关系研究

该文探讨运用美学的形式美法则及审美中的联想和想象等方法,把单词按英语词汇进行重新编排,或把一组词和几组词有机地结合在一起,使其由不相干变成有含义的相关的短语和句子,其目的是按照词汇构成本身就有的内在形式和法则,更合理、更顺畅、更牢固地记住和使用所学的单词和词组。     

高校心理健康教育网络平台实践中的问题与对策

针对高校大学生心理健康教育存在的问题,提出:进一步明确现代高校心理健康教育的对象与目标;整合教育资源,将心理健康教育贯穿到学校各项工作之中;加强管理与培训,建立心理健康教育的长效机制;科学认识朋辈心理互助的优势与不足,提高心理健康教育的工作实效;利用现代技术建立网上心理平台,丰富心理咨询手段等对策。     

河南省初中数学教师教学反思现状分析

初中数学教师的教学反思水平直接关系到初中数学教师专业化的进程.通过调查研究,对河南省初中数学教师教学反思的现状进行了分析.为了提升初中数学教师的教学反思能力,建议加强初中数学教师教学反思的培训和指导,营造浓郁、宽松的初中数学教师教学反思校园氛围,建立县内学校间教师交流机制,密切高校相关专家与初中一线教师的联系.     

从诗歌翻译看直译和意译

文章从诗歌翻译的角度，举例分析了如何在翻译过程中灵活动用直译与意译等不同方法，以达到诗歌所追求的音美、形美、意美，尽可能取得神似的效果。     

北京冬奥会和冬残奥会历史同期气溶胶污染的高空环流特征研究

通过分析北京和张家口地区长期地面气象资料、气溶胶浓度数据和探空数据, 研究冬奥会和冬残奥会历史同期(2015—2019年的2月1日至3月20日)的气象条件和气溶胶污染过程, 并利用数值模拟和客观环流分型方法, 探究高空环流和区域输送的影响。结果表明, 北京和张家口两地的气溶胶污染过程与近地面的暖、湿和小风条件有关。在850 hPa高度, 当两地受西北风影响时, 近地面的气溶胶浓度较低。北京的重污染过程主要与850 hPa高度的西南风有关, 张家口的重污染则主要与850 hPa高度的西南风和南风有关。虽然北京与张家口两市中心相距160多公里, 但两地的气溶胶污染和位温垂直结构变化有很强的关联性。当华东地区存在较强的高压系统时, 来自京津冀以南地区850 hPa高度的暖空气会输送到北京和张家口, 使两地同时出现高空增温现象, 进而增强对流层下部的热力稳定度, 不利于边界层的发展和污染物的垂直扩散。此外, 当上述环流出现时, 河北南部、山西北部和内蒙古中部等地区排放的污染物会通过输送过程影响北京。张家口地区海拔较高, 除本地排放外, 影响其空气质量的污染气团主要来自西部的上游地区。因此, 当出现不利的高空环流形势时, 除需要控制本地的排放外, 还要考虑对上游地区施行协同减排措施。     

知识分子政策中国化的历史演变(1949～1957)

1949～1957年春,中国共产党对知识分子采取的是团结、教育、改造的政策,但从政策实施的过程来看,它经历了三个侧重点略有不同的阶段:即从争取、团结为主,教育、改造为辅的阶段到改造、教育为主,争取、团结为辅的阶段,再到团结和使用为主,改造和教育为辅的阶段。其间的曲折而复杂的政策演变历程,折射出马克思主义知识分子政策中国化的曲折进程。     

提高会计类专业本科人才培养质量的途径探讨

自从我国高校进入大发展时期以来,会计专业一直成为各类院校最热门的专业之一,高校为我国会计人才的培养做出了重要贡献。但在该专业本科人才培养过程中还存在着不少问题,严重影响了人才培养的质量,因此,必须通过创新人才培养模式,改革会计课程结构,构建全程一体化教学实践体系,改进学生考核评价机制,加强"双师型"队伍建设等途径予以解决。